Objective: To explore the relationship between extracellular enzymes activity and virulence of Candida glabrata clinical isolates based on the infection model of Galleria mellonella larvae. Methods: Using experimental research methods, 71 strains of non-repetitive Candida glabrata were collected from Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from June 2021 to January 2022. Bovine serum protein agar medium, egg yolk agar medium, sheep blood agar medium, Tween-80 agar medium and triglyceride agar medium were used to detect the aspartyl protease activity, phospholipase activity, hemolysis activity, esterase activity and lipase activity of Candida glabrata. Median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) was calculated by using 1.25×10⁸ CFU/ml,2.50×10⁸ CFU/ml,3.75×10⁸ CFU/ml,5.00×10⁸ CFU/ml suspension of Candida glabrata ATCC2001 to infect Galleria mellonella larvae. Histopathological and etiological analysis was performed to determine whether the infection model was successfully established. The clinical isolates of Candida glabrata were configured to infect Galleria mellonella larvae with LC₅₀ concentration to detect the pathogenicity of Galleria mellonella larvae.Spearman test or Pearson test were used to analyze the correlation between the extracellular enzyme activity of Candida glabrata clinical isolates and the pathogenicity of Galleria mellonella larvae. Results: 71 strains of Candida glabrata isolated clinically were detected to have low hemolytic activity after 2 days of culture. Aspartyl protease was detected after 4 days of culture, among which 7 strains (9.86%), 19 strains (26.76%) and 45 strains (63.38%) showed low, medium and high aspartyl protease activity. After 7 days of culture, 71 strains did not detect phospholipase, esterase and lipase activities. Candida glabrata on Galleria mellonella larvae of LC₅₀=2.5×10⁸ CFU/ml Fungal spore were found in the intestinal tissue pathological section of Galleria mellonella larvae in the experimental group, and Candida glabrata was identified by the microbial Mass Spectrometry after culture, while no fungi were found in the pathological section and culture of the control group. Spearman test shows that, there was a linear positive correlation between aspartyl protease activity and the survival rate of Galleria mellonella larvae (r = 0.73, P<0.01), the difference was statistically significant.Pearson test shows that, there was no significant linear relationship between hemolytic activity and survival rate of Galleria mellonella larvae (r = 0.16, P = 0.34), the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The clinical isolates of Candida glabrata in this study had aspartyl protease activity and low hemolytic activity, but no phospholipase, esterase and lipase activity. The activity of aspartyl aspartyl protease of Candida glabrata was positively correlated with the pathogenicity of Galleria mellonella larvae.
Animals ; Sheep ; Larva/microbiology* ; Virulence ; Candida glabrata ; Agar ; Moths/microbiology* ; Esterases ; Aspartic Acid Proteases ; Lipase

As a source of traffic-related air pollution, diesel particulate matter (DPM) associate with a variety of lung-related diseases, but there is no systematic review of the relationship between DPM and the development and progression of asthma. This article reviewed the relationship between DPM and asthma, the effect and mechanism of DPM on airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma, and illustrated that DPM exposure may participate in airway inflammation and remodeling through oxidative stress, immune regulation and regulation of lung and intestinal microecology, so as to promote the development and progression of asthma.

Objective: To explore the drug resistance of Isolated From Blood Culture Escherichia coli (E. coli) in a hospital in Qinghai over the past seven years, to evaluate the ability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to analyze the homologous origin of E. coli, and to establish a protein fingerprint library to match with it, adjuvant clinical experience medication so as to provide the basis for the prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections. Methods: Retrospective analysis of blood cultures sent to hospitals from January 2016 to December 2022. Drug resistance and resistance changes in E. coli.A total of 1 841 E. coli strains were isolated from Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from January 2016 to December 2022; all strains were identified by MALDI-TOF MS, and the VITEK2.0 drug sensitivity analyzer was applied for drug sensitivity analysis of the strains, and the mass spectrometry homology analysis and self-constructed protein fingerprint library were carried out by MALDI-Biotyper software; the protein fingerprint library was built by using WHONET5.6 software was used to statistically analyze the drug sensitivity results, SPSS23.0 software was used to analyze the relationship between fingerprint typing and drug sensitivity, and the χ² test was used for intergroup comparisons. Results: A total of 1 841 strains of E. coli were detected in 4 582 positive blood culture specimens from January 2016 to December 2022, with a detection rate of 40.17%; the resistance rate of E. coli from blood sources to piperacillin/tazobactam and ceftriaxone was on the rise, and it was slightly decreased to cefepime, amikacin, levofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole, and there was not much change to the rest of the drugs; After MALDI-Biotyper clustering analysis, the 1841 E. coli strains from Isolated From Blood Culture were classified into two major clusters and five subtypes, of which type Ⅰa1 accounted for about 40%, type Ⅰa2 accounted for about 2.7%, type Ⅰb accounted for about 3.8, type Ⅱa accounted for about 46%, and type Ⅱb accounted for about 7.5%. The detection rate of type Ⅰa1 E. coli was higher in general surgery (50.45%) and emergency surgery (50.92%), and the detection rate of type Ⅰb E. coli was higher in emergency medicine(10.05%)than in other departments. The drug sensitivity results of different subtypes were compared with each other, the resistance rate of type Ⅰa1 E. coli to cefepime was 21.3% higher than that of the remaining four types, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=37.74,P=0.000); the resistance rate of type Ⅱ E. coli(>60%) to sulfamethoxazole was higher than that of type Ⅰ (<60%) as a whole, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=15.248,P=0.004); and a preliminary database of homologous protein fingerprints of E. coli has been established E. coli homologous protein fingerprint library and validated. The drug susceptibility results of 1 288 E. coli strains in the validation set were statistically analyzed and compared with those in the training set. There was no significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion: In recent years, the resistance rate of E. coli isolated from a hospital in Qinghai province to piperacillin/Tazobactam, cefepime, amicacin and other antibiotics has changed greatly. A fingerprint database of E. coli homologous protein was established, and it was found that the drug sensitivity data of E. coli were different among different fingerprint types. According to drug sensitivity, drug use could assist clinical experience and provide evidence for prevention and control of hospital illness.
Humans ; Blood Culture ; Escherichia coli ; Cefepime ; Retrospective Studies ; Drug Resistance ; Sulfamethoxazole ; Piperacillin ; Tazobactam

Objective: To explore the drug resistance of Isolated From Blood Culture Escherichia coli (E. coli) in a hospital in Qinghai over the past seven years, to evaluate the ability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to analyze the homologous origin of E. coli, and to establish a protein fingerprint library to match with it, adjuvant clinical experience medication so as to provide the basis for the prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections. Methods: Retrospective analysis of blood cultures sent to hospitals from January 2016 to December 2022. Drug resistance and resistance changes in E. coli.A total of 1 841 E. coli strains were isolated from Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from January 2016 to December 2022; all strains were identified by MALDI-TOF MS, and the VITEK2.0 drug sensitivity analyzer was applied for drug sensitivity analysis of the strains, and the mass spectrometry homology analysis and self-constructed protein fingerprint library were carried out by MALDI-Biotyper software; the protein fingerprint library was built by using WHONET5.6 software was used to statistically analyze the drug sensitivity results, SPSS23.0 software was used to analyze the relationship between fingerprint typing and drug sensitivity, and the χ² test was used for intergroup comparisons. Results: A total of 1 841 strains of E. coli were detected in 4 582 positive blood culture specimens from January 2016 to December 2022, with a detection rate of 40.17%; the resistance rate of E. coli from blood sources to piperacillin/tazobactam and ceftriaxone was on the rise, and it was slightly decreased to cefepime, amikacin, levofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole, and there was not much change to the rest of the drugs; After MALDI-Biotyper clustering analysis, the 1841 E. coli strains from Isolated From Blood Culture were classified into two major clusters and five subtypes, of which type Ⅰa1 accounted for about 40%, type Ⅰa2 accounted for about 2.7%, type Ⅰb accounted for about 3.8, type Ⅱa accounted for about 46%, and type Ⅱb accounted for about 7.5%. The detection rate of type Ⅰa1 E. coli was higher in general surgery (50.45%) and emergency surgery (50.92%), and the detection rate of type Ⅰb E. coli was higher in emergency medicine(10.05%)than in other departments. The drug sensitivity results of different subtypes were compared with each other, the resistance rate of type Ⅰa1 E. coli to cefepime was 21.3% higher than that of the remaining four types, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=37.74,P=0.000); the resistance rate of type Ⅱ E. coli(>60%) to sulfamethoxazole was higher than that of type Ⅰ (<60%) as a whole, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=15.248,P=0.004); and a preliminary database of homologous protein fingerprints of E. coli has been established E. coli homologous protein fingerprint library and validated. The drug susceptibility results of 1 288 E. coli strains in the validation set were statistically analyzed and compared with those in the training set. There was no significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion: In recent years, the resistance rate of E. coli isolated from a hospital in Qinghai province to piperacillin/Tazobactam, cefepime, amicacin and other antibiotics has changed greatly. A fingerprint database of E. coli homologous protein was established, and it was found that the drug sensitivity data of E. coli were different among different fingerprint types. According to drug sensitivity, drug use could assist clinical experience and provide evidence for prevention and control of hospital illness.
Humans ; Blood Culture ; Escherichia coli ; Cefepime ; Retrospective Studies ; Drug Resistance ; Sulfamethoxazole ; Piperacillin ; Tazobactam

Polysaccharide is one of the functional components of the raspberry, which has various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-fatigue, hypoglycemic and immunomodulatory. However, whether raspberry polysaccharides have protective effects on UV-induced photodamage to skin cells has not been reported. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of Raspberry Crude Polysaccharide on Ultraviolet B (UVB) -induced photodamage of human immortalized keratinocytes (H a C a T). The photodamage model of HaCaT cells was established by UVB irradiation. To evaluate the anti-UVB activity of R C P, the cell viability was determined by the CCK-8 method, and the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and microplate method were used to measure the contents of matrix metalloproteinase, inflammatory and antioxidant factors in the photodamaged HaCaT cells. The antioxidant activity of RCP was detected by radical scavenging assays against D P P H radical (D P P H •) and ABTS radical (ABTS •

In this study, UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS was used to rapidly analyze the chemical constituents of Meconopsis quintupli-nervia, and the anti-liver fibrosis mechanism of M. quintuplinervia was preliminarily analyzed by network pharmacology, molecular docking, and cell experiments. The chemical constituents of M. quintuplinervia were identified according to the information of MS~1 and MS~2, as well as the data in the literature and databases. SwissTargetPrediction and TargetNet were used to predict the potential targets. The targets related to liver fibrosis were collected from GeneCards and OMIM. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed by STRING. Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to construct and analyze the "constituent-target-disease" network to obtain key targets and their corresponding constituents in the network. DAVID 6.8 was used for GO analysis and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, the preliminary verification was carried out by molecular docking and cell experiments. As a result, 106 chemical constituents were identified from M. quintuplinervia, including 66 flavonoids, 16 alkaloids, 18 phenolic acids, 1 anthocyanin, and 5 other constituents. Among them, 3 constituents were identified as potential new compounds, and 59 constituents were reported in M. quintuplinervia for the first time. Network pharmacology analysis showed that M. quintuplinervia presumably acted on AKT1, SRC, JUN, EGFR, STAT3, HSP90 AA1, MAPK3, and other core targets through luteolin, isorhamnetin, quercetin, apigenin, kaempferide, amurine, 2-methylflavinantine, allocryptopine, the multi and other active compounds, thereby regulating the PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, proteoglycans in cancer, FoxO signaling pathway, and other pathways to exert anti-liver fibrosis effects. M. quintuplinervia extract(MQE) could significantly down-regulate PI3 K and AKT protein levels in the HSC-T6 cell model induced by TGF-β1, suggesting that MQE may have the ability to regulate the PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway. The findings of this study indicated that the anti-liver fibrosis effect of M. quintuplinervia had multi-constituent, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics, which may provide a scientific basis for the research on the pharmacodynamic materials, action mechanism, and quality markers of M. quintupli-nervia.
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Network Pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Papaveraceae ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of Blastocystis hominis infection among children with diarrhea under five years of age in Guangzhou City. Methods Children with diarrhea under 5 years of age admitted to Guangzhou Children’s hospital, Guangzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital and Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center during the period between January 1 and December 31, 2020, were enrolled. Participants’ demographics, living environments and health status were collected using questionnaire surveys. Stool samples were collected from participants and nucleic acid was extracted. B. hominis infection was identified using PCR assay and sequence alignment, and the factors affecting B. hominis infection among children with diarrhea under 5 years of age were identified using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 684 children with diarrhea under 5 years of age were enrolled, including 468 male children and 216 female children, with a mean age of (1.79 ± 1.12) years. The overall prevalence of B. hominis infection was 4.97% [34/684, 95% confidential interval (CI): (3.59%, 6.86%)] among participants, and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of B. hominis infection between children with chronic [7.52% (20/266), 95% CI: (4.92%, 11.33%)] and acute diarrhea [3.35% (14/418), 95% CI: (2.01%, 5.54%)] (χ² = 5.983, P = 0.014). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified keeping pet [odds ratio (OR) = 6.298, 95% CI: (2.711, 14.633)], drinking non-tap water [OR = 4.522, 95% CI: (1.769, 11.561)], lactose intolerance [OR = 4.221, 95% CI: (1.043, 17.087)], antibiotic use [OR = 0.125, 95% CI: (0.017, 0.944)] and chronic diarrhea [OR = 2.172, 95% CI: (1.018, 4.637)] as factors affecting B. hominis infection among children with diarrhea under 5 years of age in Guangzhou City. Conclusions B. hominis infections is detected in children with diarrhea under five years of age in Guangzhou City. Improving home environments and pet-keeping hygiene is recommended to reduce the likelihood of B. hominis infection among children.

Objective: To explore the preoperative anxiety and health information literacy of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and to analyze the correlation between them, so as to provide reference for promoting psychological care of patients. Methods: A total of 221 PCI patients treated in our hospital were selected by convenience sampling, and the preoperative anxiety questionnaire and health information literacy questionnaire were used to investigate. Results: The score of health information literacy of PCI patients was (93.38±11.11) points. The score of information morality was the highest (79.1%) and the score of information acquisition and cognition was the lowest (59.3% and 59.9%). The score of anxiety was (27.07±3.96) points before operation, among them, uncertainty score was the highest with (9.73±1.47) points. The scores of all dimensions of health information literacy were negatively correlated with preoperative anxiety scores (r=-0.354~-0.133, P<0.05). Conclusions The preoperative anxiety level of PCI patients is relatively high, the higher the health information literacy level of patients, the lower the preoperative anxiety. Nurses should pay attention to improve the health information literacy of patients, reduce preoperative anxiety to improve the outcome of patients.

Objective To investigate the health information literacy (HIL) conditions of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) operation and to discuss the influence of HIL on the nursing knowledge acquisition behavior of the patients. Methods A total of 230 postoperative PCI patients who accepted treatment in Cardiology Department of our hospital were selected. General information questionnaire, 2012 National Residents Health Literacy Supervision Investigation Questionnaire-HIL part and nursing knowledge acquisition behavior questionnaire were adopted. Results In this investigation, 230 questionnaires were recovered and 216 of them were effective. HIL level of PCI postoperative patients was 24.1％ (52/216). Differences in HIL levels of patients of different ages, residential areas and educational degrees were of statistical significance (χ2=10.577, 12.657, 37.693, P<0.05). The scores of PCI postoperative exercise method and item analysis of PCI therapy institution and nursing knowledge obtained from medical care personnel, books, Internet and speeches in patients with HIL were 3.40±0.85, 3.35 ± 0.71, 3.37 ± 0.82, 3.75 ± 0.74, 3.54 ± 0.75 and 3.71 ± 0.82. They were significantly higher than the scores of 2.38±0.71, 2.40±0.76, 2.34±0.71, 2.48±0.75, 2.45±0.72 and 2.43±0.78 in the non HIL patients (t=6.657-9.000, P<0.05). The scores of nursing knowledge in coronary heart disease symptoms, PCI postoperative complications and aetiological agent of coronary heart disease,nursing knowledge sources of newspapers, TV and radio, relatives, and nursing knowledge acquisition barriers due to low educational level, incomprehension of terminology and lack of Internet knowledge of the patients with HIL were 2.37± 0.82, 2.63 ± 0.89, 2.42 ± 0.82, 2.37 ± 0.79, 2.50 ± 0.67, 2.48 ± 0.67, 2.46 ± 0.64, 2.46 ± 0.85, 2.54 ± 0.87 and 2.63±0.69. They were significantly lower than the scores of 3.43±0.78, 3.38±0.76, 3.45±0.74, 3.49±0.77, 3.32 ± 0.81, 3.41 ± 0.77 and 3.34 ± 0.83, 3.46 ± 0.70, 3.43 ± 0.74 and 3.41 ± 0.75 in the non HIL patients (t=-5.657-4.690, P<0.05). Conclusions HIL level of PCI postoperative patients is low, and patients in different HIL levels have different nursing knowledge acquisition behaviors.

Objective To clone silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) gene full-length cDNA,construct recombinant eukaryotic expression vector containing SIRT1 gene and its mutant T200I,E420K,so as to lay the foundation for further research of SIRT1 gene function.Methods RT-PCR amplified SIRT1 gene full-length cDNA.PCR products were cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 (+) through double digestion and pcDNA3.1(+)-SIRT1 recombinant plasmid was obtained.Meanwhile,site-directed mutagenesis was applied to build its mutant pcDNA3.1 (+)-T200I and pcDNA3.1 (+)-E420K expression vector.Recombinant plasmid was identified by enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing and the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector of success was screened out.Results SIRT1 gene full-length cDNA was successfully cloned,and pcDNA3.1 (+)-SIRT1 eukaryotic expression vector and its mutant were also successfully constructed.Positive recombinant plasmid sequencing was compared after enzyme digestion,and it was completely consistent with the expected sequence.Transfected 293T cell line was established and HIS tagged SIRT1 protein was expressed.Conclusions We successfully constructed pcDNA3.1 (+)-SIRT1 and its mutant pcDNA3.1 (+)-T200I,pcDNA3.1 (+)-E420K eukaryotic expression vector,which may provide genetic material for biological function study of SIRT1 gene and its mutant T200I,E420K.