As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

ObjectiveTo develop an emotion management course and evaluate its effectiveness in improving emotion regulation, coping strategies, and anxiety and depression among first-year university students, so as to provide a basis for colleges to optimize mental health education courses. MethodsUsing a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, five classes of first-year students (n=169) from a university were randomly selected as participants, with three classes assigned to the experimental group (n=102) and two classes to the control group (n=67). The experimental group attended both the standard mental health education course and the emotion management course developed in this study, while the control group only attended the standard mental health education course. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). ResultsBefore the intervention, there were no significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in ERQ, SCSQ, SDS, and SAS scores (P>0.05). After the intervention, the experimental group demonstrated greater improvements than the control group in the ERQ expression inhibition subscale (14.42±5.05, 16.12±5.65), SCSQ positive coping tendency (1.97±0.51, 1.80±0.49) and negative coping tendency (1.26±0.55, 1.47±0.50), as well as in SDS (50.26±11.48, 53.86±8.21) and SAS (43.96±11.97, 47.59±9.50) scores (t value: 2.039, 2.144, 2.572; Z value: -2.214, -2.486; P<0.05). Compared with pre-intervention scores, the experimental group also showed improvements in the ERQ cognitive reappraisal subscale (32.19±5.76, 30.92±6.18), SCSQ positive coping tendency (1.97±0.51, 1.83±0.48), and SDS scores (50.26±11.48, 50.75±11.59) (t value: -2.654, -3.027; Z value: -2.100, P<0.05). ConclusionThe emotion management course effectively enhances students’ use of cognitive reappraisal strategies while reducing reliance on expressive suppression. It also contributes to improvements in coping strategies for life events and alleviates symptoms of depression and anxiety. Universities should consider integrating emotion management education into their curricula to enhance the mental well-being of first-year students.

To analyze the distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of clinical Salmonella isolates from multiple centers across China.

AIM: To prepare radix scutellariae microemulsion gel and investigate its therapeutic effect on chronic eczema based on the previous research of radix scutellariae self microemulsion. METHODS: The gel matrix and humectant were optimized by single factor method and response surface method to obtain the formula and preparation technique of the gel. The Franz diffusion cell method was used to evaluate the transdermal properties of microemulsion and microemulsion gel in vitro. By establishing a chronic eczema model in the mouse ear, the swelling degree, swelling inhibition rate, pathological changes and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin - 6 (IL-6) of radix scutellariae microemulsion gel were measured, to investigate the therapeutic effect on chronic eczema in mice. RESULTS: The physical and chemical properties of radix scutellariae microemulsion gel were stable. Compared with microemulsion, the microemulsion gel had better transdermal performance. The cumulative transdermal amount of baicalein and wogonin, the main components of microemulsion gel, was 1.85 times and 2.77 times of that of microemulsion respectively. Moreover, the steady flow rate and permeability coefficient of microemulsion gel significantly increased, and the lag time significantly shortened. Pharmacodynamic study showed that compared with the model group, the radix scutellariae microemulsion gel could significantly reduce the ear swelling of mice (P<0.05), and the serum inflammatory factor TNF - α, IL-1β and IL-6 reduced content by over 37%. Compared with the radix scutellaria aqueous extract and aqueous extract gel, the treatment of chronic eczema was better. CONCLUSION: The preparation process of radix scutellaria microemulsion gel is feasible, with strong transdermal property, and a significant therapeutic effect on chronic eczema.

Objective:To screen genetic and epigenetic expression differences associated with pulmonary embolism through integrated bioinformatics analysis.Methods:Four patients with pulmonary embolism and healthy physical examination in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University in 2019 were selected as the research objects, using high-throughput sequencing technologies and methylation chip technology to detect, screening and integrated peripheral blood difference genomes and the epigenome data to identify the pathogenesis of pulmonary embolism caused by methylation of drive and differentially expressed genes, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed.Results:Coexpression analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression data between the pulmonary embolism group and the healthy control group showed that differential methylation in the upstream region of genes was negatively correlated with gene expression. Among them, 8 significantly methylated genes in the upstream region of genes were screened out, and independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation analysis were done. In the pulmonary embolism group, there were 6 significant methylated genes of TSS1500, namely TSPO2, C1QA, AQP1, TNFSF9, MIA and STAB1, and the differential expression multiple log2FC of corresponding genes was 1.298, 1.629, 1.024, 2.746, 2.539, 1.060, respectively. The correlation between gene expression and gene methylation were -0.908, -0.900, -0.824, -0.784, -0.783, -0.779, respectively, and the methylation differences between the two groups were -0.049, -0.053, -0.048, -0.057, -0.050, respectively. -0.053 ( P < 0.05). There were three significantly methylated genes in the TSS200 region, namely TSPO2, SLC9A, and SIGLEC1. The gene expression differential multiple log2FC was 1.298, -2.252, and 1.866, respectively. The correlation between gene expression and gene methylation was -0.860, -0.774, and -0.739, respectively. The methylation difference between the two groups was -0.051, 0.027, -0.048 ( P < 0.05). In the pulmonary embolism group, 7 genes, including TSPO2, C1QA, AQP1, TNFSF9, MIA, STAB1 and SIGLEC1, showed hypomethylation and high expression in the TSS region. SLC9A3 gene showed high methylation and low expression. In the analysis of GO function, significant enrichment was obtained in complement activation, immune response and activation protein cascade. In the KEGG signaling pathway, the immune system, bacterial infection, and signaling molecules and interactions are significantly enriched, thereby regulating the occurrence of pulmonary embolism. Conclusions:Based on the combined analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression, a new idea of the occurrence and development of pulmonary embolism has been found, which can be further studied in the future.

BACKGROUND:Current studies have confirmed that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides can promote nerve regeneration in neurodegeneration-related diseases.The occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction,but the role of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on the regulation of apoptosis and mitochondrial function in neurodegenerative diseases is not yet clarified. OBJECTIVE:To explore the regulatory effects and mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS:SH-SY5Y cells were divided into three groups:control group,H2O2 group,and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group.Cells in the control group were normally cultured.Cells in the H2O2 group were treated with 300 μmol/L H2O2 for 24 hours.In the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group,the intervention with 300 μg/L Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides was conducted first for 1-2 hours,followed by the addition of 300 μmol/L H2O2 for 24 hours.The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 kit.Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining kit.The activities of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase were detected by malondialdehyde test kit and superoxide dismutase test kit,respectively.The apoptosis and expression of mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins were detected by immunofluorescence staining and western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group,the mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly reduced,as well as apoptotic rate and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in the H2O2 group(P<0.05).After treatment with Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides,the membrane potential and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly increased,and apoptotic rate and malondialdehyde levels were significantly reduced compared with the H2O2 group(P<0.05).(2)The expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly increased,but the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was significantly decreased in the H2O2 group compared with the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the H2O2 group,the levels of Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly decreased,but the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was significantly increased in the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the control group,the expression of mitochondrial splitting proteins Fis1 and p-Drp1 was significantly increased,but the expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins OPA1,Mfn1,and Mfn2 was decreased in the H2O2 group(P<0.05).Compared with the H2O2 group,Fis1 and p-Drp1 expression was significantly reduced,but the expression levels of OPA1,Mfn1,and Mfn2 were significantly increased in the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group(P<0.05).(4)The above results confirm that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides can attenuate H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction.

AIM:To prepare radix scutellariae mi-croemulsion gel and investigate its therapeutic ef-fect on chronic eczema based on the previous re-search of radix scutellariae self microemulsion.METHODS:The gel matrix and humectant were op-timized by single factor method and response sur-face method to obtain the formula and preparation technique of the gel.The Franz diffusion cell meth-od was used to evaluate the transdermal proper-ties of microemulsion and microemulsion gel in vi-tro.By establishing a chronic eczema model in the mouse ear,the swelling degree,swelling inhibition rate,pathological changes and tumor necrosis fac-tor a(TNF-a),Interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-6(IL-6)of radix scutellariae microemulsion gel were measured,to investigate the therapeutic ef-fect on chronic eczema in mice.RESULTS:The physi-cal and chemical properties of radix scutellariae mi-croemulsion gel were stable.Compared with micro-emulsion,the microemulsion gel had better trans-dermal performance.The cumulative transdermal amount of baicalein and wogonin,the main compo-nents of microemulsion gel,was 1.85 times and 2.77 times of that of microemulsion respectively.Moreover,the steady flow rate and permeability co-efficient of microemulsion gel significantly in-creased,and the lag time significantly shortened.Pharmacodynamic study showed that compared with the model group,the radix scutellariae micro-emulsion gel could significantly reduce the ear swelling of mice(P＜0.05),and the serum inflamma-tory factor TNF-a,IL-1β and IL-6 reduced content by over 37％.Compared with the radix scutellaria aqueous extract and aqueous extract gel,the treat-ment of chronic eczema was better.CONCLUSION:The preparation process of radix scutellaria micro-emulsion gel is feasible,with strong transdermal property,and a significant therapeutic effect on chronic eczema.

AIM:To prepare radix scutellariae mi-croemulsion gel and investigate its therapeutic ef-fect on chronic eczema based on the previous re-search of radix scutellariae self microemulsion.METHODS:The gel matrix and humectant were op-timized by single factor method and response sur-face method to obtain the formula and preparation technique of the gel.The Franz diffusion cell meth-od was used to evaluate the transdermal proper-ties of microemulsion and microemulsion gel in vi-tro.By establishing a chronic eczema model in the mouse ear,the swelling degree,swelling inhibition rate,pathological changes and tumor necrosis fac-tor a(TNF-a),Interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-6(IL-6)of radix scutellariae microemulsion gel were measured,to investigate the therapeutic ef-fect on chronic eczema in mice.RESULTS:The physi-cal and chemical properties of radix scutellariae mi-croemulsion gel were stable.Compared with micro-emulsion,the microemulsion gel had better trans-dermal performance.The cumulative transdermal amount of baicalein and wogonin,the main compo-nents of microemulsion gel,was 1.85 times and 2.77 times of that of microemulsion respectively.Moreover,the steady flow rate and permeability co-efficient of microemulsion gel significantly in-creased,and the lag time significantly shortened.Pharmacodynamic study showed that compared with the model group,the radix scutellariae micro-emulsion gel could significantly reduce the ear swelling of mice(P＜0.05),and the serum inflamma-tory factor TNF-a,IL-1β and IL-6 reduced content by over 37％.Compared with the radix scutellaria aqueous extract and aqueous extract gel,the treat-ment of chronic eczema was better.CONCLUSION:The preparation process of radix scutellaria micro-emulsion gel is feasible,with strong transdermal property,and a significant therapeutic effect on chronic eczema.