BACKGROUND:Increasing evidence suggests that N6-methyladenosine(m6A)regulators are closely associated with osteoarthritis and are considered to be a new direction in the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis,but their specific mechanism of action is unknown. OBJECTIVE:To conduct a bioinformatics analysis of the osteoarthritis gene microarray dataset in order to explore the role of m6A in osteoarthritis and analyze the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. METHODS:The m6A regulators associated with osteoarthritis and their expression were first extracted from the GSE1919 dataset in the GEO database using R software,and then the results were analyzed by gene difference analysis and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses.Subsequently,the results of protein-protein interaction network topology analysis and machine learning results were intersected to obtain the m6A Hub regulators,which were validated by in vitro cellular experiments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 16 osteoarthritis-related m6A regulators were extracted and 11 m6A differential regulators,including ZC3H13,YTHDC1,YTHDF3 and HNRNPC,were obtained by differential analysis.GO enrichment analysis showed that osteoarthritis-related m6A differential regulators played a role in the biological processes such as mRNA transport,RNA catabolism,and regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway.(3)KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differential regulators were mainly involved in the p53,interleukin-17 and AMPK signaling pathways.The combined protein-protein interaction network topology analysis and machine learning results obtained the m6A Hub regulator-YTHDC1.(5)The results of in vitro cellular experiments showed that there was a significant difference in the expression of m6A key regulator between the control and experimental groups(P<0.05).To conclude,YTHDC1 is closely related to the development of osteoarthritis,which is expected to be a molecular target of m6A for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

BackgroundWomen may develop severe symptoms of stress disorder following childbirth， which may be exposed to a risk of developing mental health problems， and even lead to the recurrence of the illness in female patients with schizophrenia， while comparatively limited research has been undertaken concerning the clinical characteristics and treatment of puerperal schizophrenia in China. ObjectiveTo explore the clinical characteristics of puerperal schizophrenia， so as to provide references for the clinical treatment. MethodsA total of 24 patients with puerperal schizophrenia who were hospitalized in the female ward of adult psychiatry department of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from 2012 to 2020 and met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fourth edition （DSM-IV） diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia were included as puerperal group. Another 48 non-puerperal women with schizophrenia were concurrently enrolled as control group. Then the basic data， scores on Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS） and the discharge medication were recorded. ResultsThe percentages of newly onset and positive family history of psychosis in puerperal group were larger than those in control group， with statistical significance （χ²=9.321， 5.240， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Puerperal group scored higher on PANSS excitement factor （t=-2.220， P<0.05） and lower on negative factor （t=3.377， P<0.01） compared with control group. In terms of discharge medication， puerperal group reported a higher dosage of antipsychotic drugs （t=-2.095， P<0.05）， and a larger proportion of combined use of benzodiazepines or antidepressants （χ²=21.316， 5.114， P<0.05 or 0.01） compared with control group， with statistical significance. ConclusionPatients with puerperal schizophrenia display increased ratings of excitement symptoms and decreased ratings of negative symptoms， which necessitates the use of high doses of antipsychotic drugs， and combined use of benzodiazepines and antidepressants.

Background::Links between alterations in gut microbiota composition and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have previously been reported. This study aimed to examine the microbiota in the nasal cavity of ALS.Methods::Sixty-six ALS patients and 40 healthy caregivers who live in close proximity with patients were enrolled. High throughput metagenomic sequencing of the 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) gene V3–V4 region of nasal microbiota was used to characterize the alpha and beta diversity and relative abundance of bacterial taxa, predict function, and conduct correlation analysis between specific taxa and clinical features.Results::The nasal microbiome of ALS patients showed lower alpha diversity than that of corresponding healthy family members. Genera Gaiella, Sphingomonas, Polaribacter_1, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Klebsiella, and Alistipes were differentially enriched in ALS patients compared to controls. Nasal microbiota composition in ALS patients significantly differed from that in healthy subjects (unweighted UniFrac P = 0.001), while Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis indicated that Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominated healthy nasal communities at the phylum level, whereas Actinobacteria was the predominant phylum and Thermoleophilia was the predominant class in ALS patients. Genus Faecalibacterium and Alistipes were positively correlated with ALS functional rating scale revised (ALSFRS-R; rs = 0.349, P = 0.020 and rs = 0.393, P = 0.008), while Prevotella-9 and Bacteroides operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were positively associated with lung function (FVC) in ALS patients ( rs = 0.304, P = 0.045, and rs = 0.300, P = 0.048, respectively). Prevotella-1 was positively correlated with white blood cell counts (WBC, rs = 0.347, P = 0.021), neutrophil percentage (Neu%, rs = 0.428, P = 0.004), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR, rs = 0.411, P = 0.006), but negatively correlated with lymphocyte percentage (Lym%, rs = -0.408, P = 0.006). In contrast, Streptococcus was negatively associated with Neu% ( rs = -0.445, P = 0.003) and NLR ( rs = -0.436, P = 0.003), while positively associated with Lym% ( rs = 0.437, P = 0.003). No significant differences in nasal microbiota richness and evenness were detected among the severe and mild ALS patients. Conclusions::ALS is accompanied by altered nasal microbial community composition and diversity. The findings presented here highlight the need to understand how dysbiosis of nasal microbiota may contribute to the development of ALS.

The gradual acceleration of the aging population in China has led to an increased demand for mobility aids,and the reliability of domestic wheeled walking-aid is one of their important attributes,but there is little research on the reliability of mobility aids.This paper conducts the failure mode,effects and criticality analysis on domestic wheeled walking-aid.By collecting,collating and analyzing the 26 failure modes,the key modules are the chassis and the lifting system.The key modules are obtained,and the failure data is analyzed to find out that the lifetime distribution model is log-normal and the 0.95 lower confidence limit for reliability life of product t0.9 is 2489.4 hours.The study aims to provide ideas for the reliability analysis of other active medical devices and calls for the formation of a reliability study review point for the industry that meets the requirements of Chinese medical device regulations.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive low-current brain stimulation technique, which is mainly based on the different polarity of electrode stimulation to make the activation threshold of neurons different, thereby regulating the excitability of the cerebral cortex. In this paper, healthy subjects were randomly divided into three groups: anodal stimulation group, cathodal stimulation group and sham stimulation group, with 5 subjects in each group. Then, the performance data of the three groups of subjects were recorded before and after stimulation to test their mental rotation ability, and resting state and task state electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected. Finally, through comparative analysis of the behavioral data and EEG data of the three groups of subjects, the effect of electrical stimulation of different polarities on the three-dimensional mental rotation ability was explored. The results of the study found that the correct response time/accuracy rate and the accuracy rate performance of the anodal stimulation group were higher than those of the cathodal stimulation and sham stimulation groups, and there was a significant difference (
Electric Stimulation ; Electroencephalography ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Reaction Time ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Objective:A new algorithm based on Hough transform (HT) was proposed to improve the accuracy and stability of the film image analysis of Automatic Quality Assurance (AQA) test, and to explore the influence of the resolution of film image on the test results.Methods:Nine pairs of films were obtained for AQA modules in this study. Firstly, the median filter was used to preprocess the grayed-out film image to remove noise interference. Then, a global threshold was utilized to binarize the image. The images were edge-detected and the film edge line was extracted by Hough transform. The film image was transformed to the correct position. Finally, the edge of the field shadow circle and the shadow circle of the tungsten ball were extracted by the edge detection method and Hough transform. The radial error was finally obtained by analyzing the concentricity.Results:There was no significant difference in the accuracy between the test results yielded by the HT method and the AQA software ( P>0.05). The difference in the standard deviation of the test results was statistically significant ( P=0.027), indicating that the algorithm increased the stability while ensuring the accuracy of film analysis. Increasing the resolution of film scanning failed to significantly improve the accuracy and stability of film analysis in both two methods. Conclusions:The algorithm used in this study can eliminate the human error caused by film scanning placement while ensuring the accuracy of film analysis, providing a more stable way for the AQA test of the CyberKnife system.

Objective:To explore the morphological characteristics, treatment strategies and clinical results of complex hyperextension tibial plateau fractures.Methods:From October 2017 to January 2019, data of 27 patients with complex hyperextension tibial plateau fractures were retrospectively analyzed. There were 19 males and 8 females with an average age of 43.4 years (range, 23-68 years). According to Schatzker classification of tibial plateau fractures: there are 8 cases of type IV, 5 of type V, and 14 of type VI; according to the three-column theory classification: there are 8 cases of two-column fracture and 19 cases of three-column fracture. Bicondylar fractures were treated with medial Tomofix locking plate and anterolateral L-shaped locking plate through medial and anterolateral approach; tibialmedial condylar fractures was treated with T-shaped plate and posteromedial locking plate through extended medial approach. Patients with anterior tibial fractures were treated with horizontal strip plate through modified anterior median approach. Combined soft tissue or bone injury was repaired. The fracture healing and reduction were evaluated by X-ray and CT scan. The reduction of tibial plateau fracture was evaluated by Rasmussen radiology standard, and the knee joint function was evaluated 12 months after the operation by the score of American hospital for special surgery (HSS).Results:All the 27 surgeries were performedsuccessfully. The operation time was 130-350 minutes, with an average time of 165 minutes. Twenty-seven cases were followed up for 12-24 months, with an average period of 15.8 months. All fractures were healed. The average clinical healing time was 13.5 weeks (range, 10-18 weeks). Twelve months after operation, Rasmussen's radiology score was 13-18, with an average of 16.7 points, among them there were 19 excellent and 8 good. Twelve months after the operation, the score of HSS knee joint was 82-98, with an average score of 93.2 points, and there were 22 cases excellent, 4 cases good and 1 case fair. The excellent and good rate was 96.2% (26/27).Conclusion:Complex hyperextension tibial plateau fractures often combined with tibial bicondylar, medial tibial condyle or anterior tibial fractures. According to the morphological characteristics of complex hyperextension tibial plateau fractures, using appropriate surgical approach and internal fixation, repairing ligament soft tissue structure and reconstructing knee joint stability can achieve satisfactory results.

ObjectiveTo explore the component factors of anhedonia in first-episode schizophrenia patients and the relationship with clinical symptoms， cognitive and social functioning. MethodsA total of 31 patients with first-episode schizophrenia who met the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） and another 33 healthy controls were enrolled. Then， the anhedonia level， mental symptoms， cognitive and social functioning were assessed using Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale （TEPS）， Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS）， Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status （RBANS） and Personal and Social Performance Scale （PSP）. Thereafter， Pearson correlation was used to discuss the correlation of anhedonia level with clinical symptoms， cognitive and social functioning. ResultsThe consummatory anhedonia score in TEPS of first-episode schizophrenia patients was lower than that of healthy controls， with statistical difference ［（27.71±5.48） vs. （31.58±5.92）， t=2.705， P=0.009］. Correlation analysis showed that consummatory anhedonia had no correlation with PANSS， RBANS and PSP scores in first-episode schizophrenia patients（P>0.05）. ConclusionFirst-episode schizophrenia patients have consummatory anhedonia， and the consummatory anhedonia may be independent of clinical symptoms， cognitive and social functioning.

Long-term primary culture of mammalian cells has been always difficult due to unavoidable senescence. Conventional methods for generating immortalized cell lines usually require manipulation of genome which leads to change of important biological and genetic characteristics. Recently, conditional reprogramming (CR) emerges as a novel next generation tool for long-term culture of primary epithelium cells derived from almost all origins without alteration of genetic background of primary cells. CR co-cultures primary cells with inactivated mouse 3T3-J2 fibroblasts in the presence of RHO-related protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632, enabling primary cells to acquire stem-like characteristics while retain their ability to fully differentiate. With only a few years' development, CR shows broad prospects in applications in varied areas including disease modeling, regenerative medicine, drug evaluation, drug discovery as well as precision medicine. This review is thus to comprehensively summarize and assess current progress in understanding mechanism of CR and its wide applications, highlighting the value of CR in both basic and translational researches and discussing the challenges faced with CR.