Objective: To explore the association between negative life events and smartphone addiction among middle school students, so as to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for prevention and intervention of smartphone addiction among middle school students. Methods: Using cluster sampling, 8 890 students were selected to survey from 27 junior high schools and 3 senior high schools in a district of Shenzhen in 2022 (baseline) and 2023 (followup). Data were collected through selfresigned questionnaires on basic information, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and the Adolescent Selfrating Life Events Checklist. Mixedeffects models were employed to analyze the association. Results: Compared to 2022, the punishment scores of middle school students in 2023 [1.00 (0.00, 6.00) and 1.00 (0.00, 6.00)] decreased (Z=4.27), while the scores of interpersonal stress, learning stress and adaptation [4.00(0.00, 8.00), 4.00(0.00, 8.00); 4.00(1.00, 8.00), 5.00(2.00, 9.00); 2.00 (0.00, 6.00), 3.00 (0.00, 7.00)] increased (Z=-3.04, -8.36, -6.80) (P<0.01). Mixedeffects models revealed a positive doseresponse relationship between negative life events and smartphone addiction (OR=1.08-1.17, P<0.01). Stepwise regression showed independent positive effects of interpersonal stress (OR=1.05), academic stress (OR=1.03), and adaptation stress (OR=1.11) on smartphone addiction (P<0.01). Subgroup analysis of nonaddicted students in 2022 confirmed persistent associations for academic stress (OR=1.03) and adaptation (OR=1.07) (P<0.01). Conclusion Negative life events exhibit a positive doseresponse relationship with smartphone addiction, particularly interpersonal stress, academic stress, and adaptationrelated events.

Objective: To explore the potential causal association between adolescent compulsive behaviour and smartphone addiction based on longitudinal data, so as to provide reference for the establishment of adolescent smartphone addiction interventions. Methods: A preliminary survey and follow-up were conducted on 8 907 middle and high school students in a district of Shenzhen in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Compulsive behaviours were measured by using the Mental Health Inventory for Middle School Students-60 Items (MMHI-60), smartphone addiction was assessed by using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version ( SAS- SV), and the associations between compulsive behaviours and smartphone addiction were analysed by using multilevel mixed-effects models and subgroup analyses. Results: Smartphone addiction detection rates among middle school students were significantly associated with genders, father s education level, mother s education level, study load subgroups, and whether or not they were single-parent families, and there were statistical differences ( χ 2=17.21-175.34, P <0.05). Students with compulsive behaviours were 2.98 times more likely to develop smartphone addiction than those without compulsive behaviours ( OR=2.98, 95%CI=2.77-3.22, P <0.05). Subgroup analysis of middle school students without smartphone addiction in the first year found that compulsive behaviours significantly predicted smartphone addiction ( OR= 1.76 , 95%CI=1.54-2.01, P <0.05). Conclusion There is a potential causal association between obsessive-compulsive behaviours and smartphone addiction in middle school students, and obsessive-compulsive behaviours in middle school students could significantly predicted the occurrence of smartphone addiction.

Objective To understand the changing trend of dementia disease burden attributed to high BMI in China from 1990-2019, and to provide a basis for the development of dementia prevention and control strategies. Methods Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(GBD2019)，the changes in disease burden were analyzed using indicators such as deaths, disability adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs) and their standardized rates. The differences between sexes and age groups were compared. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of changes in the disease burden of dementia attributable to high BMI in China. Results From 1990 to 2019, the burden of dementia disease attributed to high BMI continued to increase, with 20,300 more deaths, 404,200 more DALYs, and more than a four-fold increase in both mortality and DALYs rates. The overall burden of disease was greater for women than for men, but the rate of increase in the burden of disease was higher for men than for women. The disease burden in the age group of 80 and over was significantly higher than in other age groups. Conclusion Attention should be paid to people with high BMI, especially for the prevention and control of dementia risk in older age groups with high BMI. Active countermeasures should be taken to control the occurrence of dementia.

Objective To summarize the experience of perioperative treatment of lung transplantation for end-stage lung disease. Methods Perioperative clinical data of 7 recipients undergoing lung transplantation were retrospectively analyzed, including 3 cases with bilateral lung transplantation and 4 cases with unilateral lung transplantation. The perioperative status and clinical prognosis of lung transplantation recipients were observed. Results The operation time of 7 lung transplantation recipients was (344±133) min. Cold ischemia time was (236±74) min in 4 cases of single-lung transplantation and (480±120) min in 3 cases of bilateral-lung transplantation. The length of Intensive care unit(ICU) stay was 21 (13-25) d and the length of hospital stay was 101 (64-117) d. In the first 3 d after surgery, the daily fluid output was significantly larger than the fluid input (all P < 0.05). The arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO₂) of lung transplantation recipients in the first 3 d after surgery was significantly elevated than preoperative level (all P < 0.05), whereas the arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO₂) did not significantly change (all P > 0.05). All recipients had pulmonary bacterial infection after lung transplantation, including 3 cases complicated with fungal infection. One recipient underwent exploratory thoracotomy for hemostasis due to active thoracic bleeding after operation, 1 recipient suffered from primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and 4 recipients received secondary endotracheal intubation. Two cases died after operation, 1 case died of septicemia caused by multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii, the other case died of rejection reaction after self-terminating use of immunosuppressive agents. The remaining 5 cases were successfully discharged and recovered well. The longest survival period was 3.1 years. Conclusions In the perioperative management of lung transplantation, it has great significance to hold the surgical indications, monitor and manage postoperative refined fluid and hemodynamics, implement the strategy of protective pulmonary ventilation, and early diagnose and treat severe postoperative complications for the recipients of lung transplantation to safety through the perioperative period.