Objective:To analyze the changes of fasting plasma glucose(FPG)level before and after menopause.Methods:Kailuan health checkup cohort was used to extract data of women aged≥18 years who participated in the first physical examination of Kailuan physical examination cohort and had menopausal age at the end of the seventh physical examination. A total of 3 749 women with 22 057 physical examination records were included in the analysis. Natural logarithmic transformation was applied to FPG, and a segmented linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the changes in ln-transformed FPG before and after menopause. Additionally, an interaction analysis was performed to assess the multiplicative effect of baseline age and baseline body mass index(BMI)on ln-transformed FPG concerning pre- and post-menopausal periods.Results:The average age of the first physical examination for women in this study was (45.63±4.52)years, the median menopausal age was 51(50~53)years, and the median number of physical examinations was 6(5~7)times. The results of the piecewise linear mixed effect model showed that lnFPG increased from 1 year before menopause, with an average annual increase of 0.021 mmol/L, and continued to increase from menopause to 5 years after menopause, with an average annual increase of 0.007 mmol/L. LnFPG tended to be stable after 5 years of menopause. Baseline age could affect the changes of lnFPG before and after menopause, and there was a negative multiplicative interaction between baseline age ≥45 years and the time period from 6 years to 1 year before menopause( P=0.032). Women with baseline age ≥45 years had a higher average annual increase in lnFPG from 1 year before menopause to 5 years after menopause than women with baseline age <45 years( P<0.05). On lnFPG, there was a positive multiplicative interaction between baseline BMI and time segments around menopause. Compared to women with BMI <24.0 kg/m 2, obese women displayed more annual increase in lnFPG from 6 years to 1 year before menopause as well as from menopause to 5 years after menopause( P<0.05). Conclusions:Menopause has an adverse impact on FPG, with the most significant changes occurring within the period of one year before menopause and up to five years after menopause. Age and BMI significantly influence the changes in FPG before and after menopause.

Exposure to ionizing radiation intervenes in genomic stability and gene expression,resulting in the disruption of normal metabolic processes in cells and organs by causing complex biolog-ical responses.Altered genomic variations,gene expression and metabolite concentrations in blood or tissue samples reflect systemic radiation damage.With the application of new techniques and exten-sive study on the mechanisms for ionizing radiation damage,related indicators such as chromosomal variation,gene expression,lipid and metabolism are being recognized and promise to be the markers for early diagnosis and prognosis of radiation exposure.Therefore,this article reviews recent progress in and potential applications of biomarkers related to ionizing radiation injury.

Objective:To investigate the iodine content in drinking water of residents in Henan Province, and clarify the distribution characteristics of water iodine in Henan Province.Methods:In 2017, in all counties (cities and districts, hereinafter referred to as counties) of Henan Province, taking township (town, subdistrict office, hereinafter referred to as township) as the unit to carry out an investigation of iodine content in drinking water; and in the township with water iodine content of 10 μg/L or more, taking administrative village (neighborhood committee, hereinafter referred to as the administrative village) as the unit to carry out the drinking water iodine content investigation. Supplementary investigation was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in administrative villages where water iodine levels had never been tested or had not been tested after replacing water sources. At least 25 ml water samples were collected at each sampling site, and the water iodine content was determined by cerous sulfate catalytic spectrophotometry.Results:From 2017 to 2020, the median water iodine in Henan Province was 8.20 μg/L. A total of 50 124 administrative villages in 2 465 townships, 160 counties and 18 provincial-level cities were investigated for iodine content in drinking water, of which 65.5% (32 807/50 124) of the administrative villages had a median water iodine < 40 μg/L, belonging to iodine deficiency area; 16.9% (8 473/50 124) of the administrative villages had a median water iodine of 40-100 μg/L, suitable for iodine; and 17.6% (8 844/50 124) of the administrative villages had a median water iodine > 100 μg/L, belonging to water source high iodine area.Conclusions:Henan Province as a whole is at the state of iodine deficiency in the external environment. Most administrative villages are iodine deficiency areas. There are certain proportion of water source areas with high iodine and areas with suitable iodine.

Objective:To explore the association between abnormal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and elevated blood pressure among females of child-bearing potential.Methods:A total of 294 674 females of child-bearing age who participated in pre-pregnancy health examination in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2019 were selected. Demographic characteristics, blood pressure, TSH, fasting blood glucose and other indexes were collected. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between abnormal TSH levels and elevated blood pressure (including prehypertension and hypertension).Results:This study showed that females of child-bearing potential with prehypertension and hypertension accounted for 21.77% and 2.41%, respectively. Compared with females of child-bearing potential with normal TSH, the risk of prehypertension and hypertension increased by 34.0% ( OR=1.340, 95% CI 1.248-1.438) and 59.6% ( OR=1.596, 95% CI 1.301-1.938) among those with decreased TSH, respectively, whereas the risk of prehypertension and hypertension increased by 13.6% ( OR=1.136, 95% CI 1.076-1.198) and 38.0% ( OR=1.380, 95% CI 1.198-1.581) among those with elevated TSH, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that abnormal TSH levels in most subgroups, such as age, ethnicity, educational level, occupation, spouse smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, and fasting blood glucose, were associated with the risk of elevated blood pressure. Heterogeneity test showed that the association between decreased TSH and elevated blood pressure was higher in females with high school and below or alcohol drinking, and the association between elevated TSH and elevated blood pressure was higher in females with college/bachelor′s degree and above or non-smoking spouse. Conclusion:There is a significant association between abnormal TSH levels and the risk of prehypertension and hypertension in females of child-bearing potential, and the association should be explored with stratified educational level, alcohol drinking, and spouse smoking status.

Objective? To investigate the improving effect of nursing intervention based on Roy adaptation model on sleep condition of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods? A total of 118 patients with AECOPD admitted to Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2016 to May 2018 were selected by stratified sampling method. They were divided into observation group and control group according to random number table method, with 59 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional nursing care, while the observation group was given nursing intervention based on Roy adaptation model on the basis of the conventional nursing care. Before and after the intervention, Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate negative emotions, social support, sleep quality and quality of life of the patients. After the intervention, the nursing satisfaction of the two groups was compared. Results? After 2 weeks of intervention, the scores of SAS (26.33±4.72) and SDS (43.17±6.29) of the observation group were lower than those before intervention;the score of SSRS (34.21±6.95) was higher than that before intervention, and the observation group were all better than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P＜ 0.05). After intervention, the PSQI scores of the observation group (5.01±1.27) and the control group (6.33±1.74) were statistically different (t=4.707, P＜0.05). The overall satisfaction of the patients in the observation group was 93.33% and that in the control group was 77.97%. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P＜ 0.05). Conclusions? Compared with conventional nursing, nursing intervention based on Roy adaptation model can better improve the negative emotions and social support of AECOPD patients, and improve sleep and nursing satisfaction.

In order to determine the effect of various hosts on feeding performance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, we used 3 mammalian species as hosts, cattle (Qinchuan), sheep (T an), and rabbits (Japanese white rabbit) for infest-ing ticks. Five hundreds of R. microplus larvae were exposed to each animal (3 animals/host species). Tick recoveries were 11.0%, 0.47%, and 5.5% from cattle, sheep, and rabbits, respectively. The averages of tick feeding periods were not significantly different on cattle, sheep, and rabbits, 28.8, 25.3, and 26.7 days, respectively. The average weights of individual engorged female from cattle, sheep, and rabbits were 312.5, 219.1, and 130.2 mg, respectively and those of egg mass weights each to 85.0, 96.6, and 17.8 mg. The highest egg hatching rate was in the ticks from cattle (96.0%), fol-lowed by those from rabbits (83.0%) and sheep (19.2%). These data suggest that rabbits could be as an alternative host to cultivate R. microplus for evaluating vaccines and chemical and biological medicines against the tick in the laboratory, although the biological parameters of ticks were less than those from cattle.
Animals ; Cattle* ; Female ; Humans ; Larva ; Ovum ; Rabbits* ; Rhipicephalus* ; Sheep* ; Ticks ; Vaccines ; Weights and Measures

Liver has great ability in regeneration,and liver regeneration is closely related to the prognosis of patients who received liver surgeries.The mechanisms of liver regeneration include biochemical theory and hemodynamic theory.Portal perfusion with moderate pressure is an important factor for starting liver regeneration.Hepatic artery buffer response,fluid shear stress and gasotransmitter play important roles in the liver regeneration.Learning the mechanisms of hemodynamic signal is of great importance for the treatment of liver diseases.

Objective To study the anatomical structure and the distribution of the right posterior sectional Glissonean pedicle so as to provide the anatomical basis for liver resection of the right posterior section.Method By studying the morphological features of the right posterior sectional Glissonean pedicle through peeling and dissecting 20 adult corpses without liver pathological.Result In 95％ of the right posterior sectional Glissonean pedicles there were shared branches.The angle between the GRL/GRA was 81.4° ± 13.8°.In 30％,the right posterior sectional Glissonean pedicle presented as a Y or a V.In a Y shaped,the angle between G6/G7 was 71 ° ±3.92°.The shapes of 70％ of the right posterior sectional Glissonean pedicle presented as a C.The number of branches at the tertiary level was between 3-8.Conclusion The distribution of the right posterior sectional of the Glissonean pedicle did not entirely fit the description of Couinaud's segments.Obvious individual differences existed.Under this circumstance,understanding the anatomy of the right posterior sectional Glissonean pedicle before carrying out partial hepatectomy would be helpful in reducing surgical risks and postoperative complications.

Objective To study the pulmonary interstitial changes in pulmonary hypertension induced by high pulmonary blood flow.Methods Sixty-five male or female Sprague-Dawley rats (180-230 g) were used and randomly divided into 3 groups:normal group (n =20) ; sham group (n =20),only exposing the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava about 10-20 minutes;model group(n =25),rats in this group were subjected to an abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava shunt to create animal models of high pulmonary.After operation,all the rats were reared under the same conditions for 11 weeks.Then,the systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of every rat were determined by means of homemade right heart catheterization.After that,the right ventricle (RV) was separated from the left ventricle (LV) and septum (S),then weighed.And right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) was measured by the ratio of RV to LV + S [RV/(LV + S)].In addition,the morphological changes of pulmonary interstitial of rats were observed under optical microscope by means of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.In the end,single pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) was isolated through acute enzyme separation.Then membrane capacitance (Cm) was recorded through in the method of patch clamp technique.Results 1.Compared with sham group and normal group,the sPAP,mPAP and RVHI of model group increased significantly(F =17.293,16.259,12.878,all P ＜ 0.01).2.In contrast to sham group and normal group,arterial wall area/vessel area(W/V) and arterial wall thickness/vessel external diameter(T/D) in model group increased significantly(F =85.717,22.795,all P ＜0.01).3.The membrane capacitance of model group was bigger than that of sham group and normal group(F =8.704,P ＜ 0.01).4.mPAP was positively correlated with W/V,T/D and Cm (r =0.669,0.662,0.663,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Shunts from abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava in SD rats caused high pulmonary blood flow-induced pulmonary hypertension,and these rats appeared with pulmonary smooth muscle cells hypertrophy,pulmonary vascular wall thickening and inflammatory cells infiltration.

Objective To study the effect of chloride channel blocker(niflumic acid,NFA) on pulmonary hypertension induced by high pulmonary blood flow in rats.Methods Fifty male or female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:normal group,sham group,model group,drug 1 group,and drug 2 group,with 10 rats in each group.After subjected to an abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava shunt,all the rats were reared under the same condition for 11 weeks.Then,mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index(RVHI) of each rat were measured.In addition,arterial wall area/vessel area (W/V) and arterial wall thickness/vessel external diameter(T/D) of each rat were also measured.Results 1.The mPAP of model group [(25.79 ± 4.03) mmHg,1 mmHg =0.133 kPa] was significantly higher than those of normal group [(16.48 ± 1.70) mmHg],sham group [(17.03 ± 2.01) mmHg],drug 1 group [(21.78 ± 2.77) mmHg] and drug 2 group [(20.31 ± 2.15) mmHg] (F =18.983,P ＜0.01).Although the mPAP of drug 1 group was a little higher than drug 2 group,there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with normal group and sham group,the mPAP of drug 1 group and drug 2 group increased(P ＜0.01,respectively).2.The W/V and T/D of model group were significantly higher than those of normal group,sham group,drug 1 group and drug 2 group (F =26.135,15.527,all P ＜ 0.001).The W/V and T/D of two drug groups showed no significant difference,but they were higher than those of normal group and sham group (P ＜ 0.01,respectively).Conclusions Chloride channel blocker NFA partly decrease mPAP of pulmonary hypertension indnced by high pulmonary blood flow in rats,and inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.These results suggest that NFA had part of therapeutic effect to pulmonary hypertension induced by high pulmonary blood flow.