Objective To investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Anaplasma infections in sheep and goats in Anhui Province in 2020, so as to provide insights into ovine anaplasmosis prevention and control. Methods A total of 355 fresh blood samples were collected from 7 sheep and goat farms in Linquan County of Fuyang City, Lixin County of Bozhou City, Yu'an District of Lu'an City, Wangjiang County of Anqing City, Nanling County of Wuhu City, and Tianchang City and Fengyang County of Chuzhou City in Anhui Province from June to December 2020. A. bovis and A. phagocytophilum 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene, A. ovis major surface protein 4 (MSP4) gene and A. capra citric acid synthase (gltA) gene were amplified using PCR assay in all blood samples, and the prevalence of A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum, A. ovis and A. capra infections was calculated in sheep and goats. In addition, the positive amplification products were sequenced and subjected to genetic evolutionary analysis. Results The overall prevalence of Anaplasma infections was 17.5% (62/355) in sheep and goats in Anhui Province, and the prevalence of A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum, A. ovis and A. capra infections was 2.8% (10/355), 2.5% (9/355), 2.5% (9/355), and 7.0% (25/355), while the prevalence of A. bovis and A. phagocytophilum, A. phagocytophilum and A. ovis, A. phagocytophilum and A. capra and A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum and A. ovis co-infections was 0.8% (3/355), 1.1% (4/355), 0.3% (1/355) and 0.3% (1/355), respectively. No Anaplasma was detected in the sheep and goat farms in Fengyang County, while at least three Anaplasma species were detected in other sheep and goat farms, with co-infections of multiple Anaplasma species identified. The prevalence of Anaplasma infections was 14.7% (24/163) in goats and 19.8% (38/192) in sheep, and the prevalence of Anaplasma infections was 31.0% (31/100) in goats and sheep under 6 months of age, and 12.2% (31/255) in goats and sheep at ages of 6 months and older, respectively. A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum, A. ovis and A. capra were identified in sheep and goats of different breeds and ages. Conclusions Multiple Anaplasma species infections were commonly prevalent in goats and sheep in Anhui Province in 2020, notably A. phagocytophilum, A. ovis and A. capra, which have zoonotic risks. Improved surveillance and prevention and control of Anaplasma infections are required in sheep and goats in Anhui Province.

Objective:To analyze the status quo, hotspots and fronts of emergency nursing training research at home and abroad in the past ten years, and to provide reference and ideas for the efficient development of emergency nursing training in China.Methods:CiteSpace 6.2.R2 software was used to visually analyze the Chinese and English literatures on emergency nursing training included in CNKI and Web of Science core databases from January 1, 2013 to June 1, 2023.Results:A total of 1 177 Chinese literatures and 1 163 English literatures were included. The number of foreign articles in this field increased year by year, while the number of domestic articles showed a downward trend since 2018. There were many stable core author groups and core institution groups in foreign countries, while there was less cooperation among domestic authors and institutions. The common research hotspots and frontiers at home and abroad focused on broadening the training audience of emergency nursing, innovating the training methods of emergency nursing, strengthening the evaluation of the effect of emergency nursing training, and paying attention to the training experience and needs of nurses. Foreign researches also focused on specialized nurses, interprofessional education and nurses′mental health, etc, and the research direction was diversified.Conclusions:The development stages of emergency nursing training researches at home and abroad are different, and the research hotspots are different. In the future, we should learn from foreign research, strengthen interdisciplinary cooperation, improve the depth and breadth of research, and strengthen the cooperation between authors, institutions and countries to promote the high-quality development of emergency nursing training research in China.

Objective:To preliminary investigate the impact of the diagnosis-related groups (DRG) payment method reform on the diagnosis and treatment of inpatient medical insurance patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and to propose potential improvement strategies.Methods:A single-center, retrospective study. From October 1, 2020, to September 30, 2022, 44 hospitalized medical insurance patients with acute-phase NMOSD diagnosed and treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University (Xi'an First Hospital) were included in the study. Among them, there were 11 males and 33 females, with an average age of (40.8±20.2) years. According to the implementation time of DRG payment, patients were divided into two groups: group A, which consists of cases one year before the implementation of DRG payment from October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021, and group B, which consists of cases one year after the implementation of DRG payment from October 1, 2021 to September 30, 2022, with 20 and 24 cases, respectively. Detailed information such as hospitalization duration, treatment methods, and hospitalization costs of the two groups of patients was collected. Comparative analysis was conducted on hospitalization costs and treatment methods between the two groups. For intergroup comparison, t-test was used for normally distributed data, and Mann-Whitney U test was used for skewed distributed data. Results:Among the 44 patients, 5 cases (5/24, 20.8%) received plasma exchange (PE) treatment, all of whom were in group B. The numbers of patients who received and did not receive intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment were 9 and 11 in group A, respectively, and 7 and 12 in group B (except for 5 cases who received PE treatment), respectively. Compared with group A, there was no significant decrease in hospitalization duration ( t=0.004) and total hospitalization costs ( Z=0.036), as well as costs for western medicine ( Z=0.036), examinations ( Z=0.011), laboratory tests ( Z=0.040), treatments ( Z=0.017), and nursing ( Z=3.131) in group B, and the differences were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). For patients receiving PE treatment, except for the cost of western medicine ( Z=0.062, P=0.804), the other costs ( Z=8.288, 5.013, 11.400, 10.925, 9.126) were significantly higher than those of patients not receiving PE treatment, and the hospitalization duration ( t=20.474) was significantly prolonged, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The total hospitalization costs of patients receiving IVIG treatment were significantly higher than those not receiving IVIG treatment in both group A and group B, with statistically significant differences ( Z=7.690, 10.314; P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of total hospitalization costs between patients receiving IVIG treatment in group A and group B ( Z=0.137, P>0.05). Conclusions:There is no significant decrease in various hospitalization costs of NMOSD medical insurance patients in Xi'an after the implementation of DRG payment, especially for patients receiving PE treatment. It is suggested to optimize the rate stratification of NMOSD patients when implementing DRG payment methods.

Objective:To observe the clinical characteristics and optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of pseudopapilledema (PPE) combined with peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) in children.Methods:A retrospective observational study. From October 2019 to May 2021, total 22 eyes from 12 children diagnosed as PPE combined with PHOMS in the Neuro-ophthalmology Department of The First Hospital of Xi’an (Affiliated of The First Hospital of Northwest University) were recruited. Among the children, 6 were male and 6 were female. The average age was (10.6±2.7) years. The average course from disease onset to diagnosis of PPE combined with PHOMS was (8.0±7.5) months. All patients underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), relative afferent papillary defect (RAPD), Ishihara's test, fundus photography, OCT, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), ocular B-mode ultrasound, visual field and patternvisual evoked potential (P-VEP). The clinical and OCT characteristics of the patients were observed.Results:The anterior segments of the patients were normal. The intraocular pressures and Ishihara's test were all normal. All RAPD were negative. Total 22 eyes, BCVA was 1.0 in 21 eyes and one eye was 0.12. The fundus photography revealed blurred optic discs margin, showing mild to moderate edema-like elevation with more prominent in the nasal parts, presenting as a "C" shape halo. No obvious abnormal fluorescence was observed in FAF. The OCT scan of involvement eyes showed an elevated appearance in vary degrees, and the sharply marginated ovoid hyper-reflective mass-like structures which laterally herniated into the peripapillary region under retinal nerve fiber layer and above the Bruch membrane were detected with consecutive nasal enlargement scanning, corresponding to the nasal parts in the fundus photography. The higher degree of elevation, the larger the volume. Macular retina pigment epithelium layer and ganglion cell thickness were normal. Ocular B-mode ultrasound showed that the head of the optic nerve in the posterior wall of the eyeball (in front of the optic disc) was elevated in all affected eyes, and there was no strong signal echo in it. Visual field examination showed physical blind spot enlargement in 3 eyes and visual field defect in 2 eyes. P-VEP examination showed that the peak was slightly delayed in 3 eyes and the amplitude was slightly reduced in 3 eyes.Conclusions:Enlarged nasal optic disc OCT scan can improve the detection rate of PHOMS. PHOMS were detected bilaterally in the cases with binocular PPE while only in the effected eye in the cases of monocular PPE; the higher degree of PPE, the lager volume of PHOMS. PHOMS were could contribute to the diagnosis of PPE in children.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and molecular features of Cryptosporidium in captive-bred Mustela putorius furo in Jiangsu Province.. Methods A total of 290 fresh stool samples were collected from a ferret farm in Jiangsu Province on May 2017, and the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene of Cryptosporidium was amplified in stool samples using nested PCR assay. The actin, cowp and gp60 genes were amplified in positive samples and sequenced to characterize Cryptosporidium species/genotypes. Results A total of 18 stool samples were tested positive for Cryptosporidium SSU rRNA gene, with a detection rate of 6.2%. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of SSU rRNA, actin and cowp genes characterized Cryptosporidium isolated from captive-bred ferrets as Cryptosporidium sp. ferret genotype. In addition, gp60 gene was amplified in 10 out of 18 stool samples tested positive for Cryptosporidium. Conclusions Cryptosporidium is widely prevalent in captive-bred ferrets in Jiangsu Province, and Cryptosporidium sp. ferret genotype is the only Cryptosporidium genotype in ferrets.

With the rapid development of pet hospitals and the increasing application of radiological diagnosis in China, the protection of staff and assistants in these hospitals is worthy of attention. Based on the progress in international management and research with respect to radiological diagnosis and protection in animal hospitals, this paper presents a brief review of the current situation, existing problems and management regulations of animal hospitals in China. It summarizes typical issues that may be encountered in radiation protection by government departments, animal hospitals, radiation professionals and assistants in animal hospitals. It also puts forward the key points of radiation protection in animal hospitals in China, which can provide scientific suggestion to assist government in decision-making and standardizing and improving the radiation protection in animal hospitals.

Objective:To establish the normal reference range of neurotransmitters in Han-nationality children aged 3-12 in Hubei province.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on healthy Han-nationality children aged 3-12 who took physical examination in Wuhan Children′s Hospital, Hubei province from January to August 2021.The children were asked for their medical histories, and those with neurological diseases, psychiatric diseases, infection, trauma, and a drug history in the past 2 weeks were excluded.The plasma of 324 children (262 males, 62 females; 217 cases in the 3-7 years old, 107 cases in the 8-12 years old) and urine of 391 children (302 males, 89 females; 266 cases in the 3-7 years old, 125 cases in the 8-12 years old) were collected.They ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry multiple techniques (UPLC-MS/MS) were used to detect 10 kinds of neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine, epinephrine, glutamic acid, etc.) in plasma and 8 kinds of neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine, epinephrine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, etc.) in random urine.The normal reference range of neurotransmitters in Han-nationality children aged 3-12 in Hubei province was established.The Kruskal- Wallis H test was made for statistical analysis of the differences in neurotransmitter levels among different age groups and gender groups.The neurotransmitter levels between different groups were compared by the Nemenyi test. Results:There were no significant differences in the levels of various neurotransmitters in children of different genders(all P>0.05). There were significant differences in the levels of dopamine, methoxy-norepinephrine, tryptophan and γ-aminobutyric acid in the plasma of children aged 3-7 years and 8-12 years.There were significant differences in the levels of dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, methoxy-norepinephrine, high vanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the random urine between the 3-7 years old group and the 8-12 years old group. Conclusions:The normal reference range of neurotransmitters in Han-nationality children aged 3-12 in Hubei province is established.This study provides reference for clinical practice and lays a foundation for the study of neurotransmitter-related diseases in children.

Objective:To analyze clinical characteristics of patients with novel coronavirus Omicron variant of concern infection, and to provide practical data and experience for subsequent clinical treatment.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 5 cases with novel coronavirus Omicron variant of concern infection treated in the First Hospital of Jiaxing from December 18, 2021 to January 28, 2022. The patients' clinical data were recorded, including gender, age, length of hospital stay, vaccination status, clinical symptoms, laboratory indicators [white blood cell count (WBC), lymphocyte count (LYM), eosinophil count (EOS), hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), novel coronavirus antibody immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM)], chest CT, treatment course and disease outcome.Results:All 5 patients were male, aged 24-37 years old. Four patients were vaccinated with novel coronavirus vaccine (one patient received 3 doses of the vaccine and 3 patients received only the first 2 doses of the vaccine), and no infection was found in chest CT. Laboratory examination showed that WBC, LYM, EOS and hs-CRP levels were normal, and only showed mild symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection. One patient was not vaccinated with novel coronavirus vaccine, and signs of viral pneumonia could be seen in chest CT, laboratory examination showed that WBC and hs-CRP levels increased, suggesting that bacterial infection, fever, cough, sputum and other respiratory symptoms were obvious, and the treatment time was long. All 5 patients were treated with Chinese medicine Lotus antipyretic and Baihu Yinqiao decoction based on routine antiviral therapy.Conclusions:Patients with novel coronavirus Omicron variant of concern infection vaccinated with the novel coronavirus vaccine have milder clinical symptoms, with less obvious chest CT findings and faster recovery. Chinese medicine Lotus antipyretic and Baihu Yinqiao decoction has obvious therapeutic effect on such patients.

Depressive disorder is a common mental disorder.At present, the diagnosis of depressive disorder mainly relies on patients' self-reported symptoms and clinical interviews which are relatively subjective.As one of the new technologies assisting diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of depressive disorder, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has received a lot of attention in recent years.This article reviewed studies of using NIRS in the diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of depressive disorder in the past five years.The review showed that NIRS could reflect abnormal hemodynamic activities of the prefrontal cortex and temporal cortex of patients with depressive disorder, especially the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus.Changes of concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin in these areas showed higher accuracy in assisting the diagnosis of depression disorder.Until now, only a few longitudinal studies utilized NIRS to compare changes of cerebral hemodynamic activities at different time points of treatment which preliminarily confirmed the potential of NIRS in the evaluation of therapeutic effects of depressive disorder.In future, more large-scale studies will be needed to further determine the specific application standards for NIRS in the diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of depressive disorder.

Objective:To compare and analyze the image quality, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of T 1WI_Star_VIBE_FS sequence in MRI simulation of neck tumors with different scanning methods, aiming to determine the optimal scanning method. Methods:A retrospective analysis of 78 patients receiving MRI contrast scan was performed. All patients were randomly divided into three groups according to three different scanning methods including bolus mode (group A, n=23), segmentation splicing mode (group B, n=18) and the combination mode (group C, n=37). The image quality, SNR and CNR of the anterior soft tissues of neck were statistically compared. Results:A higher image quality score was obtained in group C. The mean SNR and CNR in three groups were calculated as 214.70±148.78, 91.95±59.26, 307.61±127.80, and 208.74±148.27, 85.79±59.50, 301.58±127.48, respectively. The image quality score, SNR and CNR in group C were significantly better compared with those in group A and B (all P<0.01). Conclusion:Combination of bolus and segmentation splicing modes is a recommended approach in MRI simulation during radiotherapy of neck tumors.