With the widespread adoption of low-dose CT screening and the extensive application of high-resolution CT, the detection rate of sub-centimeter lung nodules has significantly increased. How to scientifically manage these nodules while avoiding overtreatment and diagnostic delays has become an important clinical issue. Among them, lung nodules with a consolidation tumor ratio less than 0.25, dominated by ground-glass shadows, are particularly worthy of attention. The therapeutic challenge for this group is how to achieve precise and complete resection of nodules during surgery while maximizing the preservation of the patient's lung function. The "watershed topography map" is a new technology based on big data and artificial intelligence algorithms. This method uses Dicom data from conventional dose CT scans, combined with microscopic (22-24 levels) capillary network anatomical watershed features, to generate high-precision simulated natural segmentation planes of lung sub-segments through specific textures and forms. This technology forms fluorescent watershed boundaries on the lung surface, which highly fit the actual lung anatomical structure. By analyzing the adjacent relationship between the nodule and the watershed boundary, real-time, visually accurate positioning of the nodule can be achieved. This innovative technology provides a new solution for the intraoperative positioning and resection of lung nodules. This consensus was led by four major domestic societies, jointly with expert teams in related fields, oriented to clinical practical needs, referring to domestic and foreign guidelines and consensus, and finally formed after multiple rounds of consultation, discussion, and voting. The main content covers the theoretical basis of the "watershed topography map" technology, indications, operation procedures, surgical planning details, and postoperative evaluation standards, aiming to provide scientific guidance and exploration directions for clinical peers who are currently or plan to carry out lung nodule resection using the fluorescent microscope watershed analysis method.

Background Workers in the cable manufacturing industry are exposed to high-speed machinery and equipment for a long time, coupled with heavy workload, which poses significant risks to their physical health. However, the issue of occupational injuries in this industry has not received enough attention yet. Objective To understand the incidence of occupational injury of workers in cable manufacturing industry and to analyze the influencing factors. Method A basic information questionnaire and an occupational injury questionnaire were developed to investigate the occupational injuries of 1 343 workers in a cable manufacturing enterprise in the past year, and a total of 1 225 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 91.2%. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the causes, injury locations, injury types, and other characteristics of employees’ occupational injuries. Chi-square test was used to analyze the occupational injury status of groups with different demographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, lifestyles, and interpersonal relationships. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of occupational injuries. Result The incidence of occupational injuries among workers in a cable manufacturing enterprise in the past year was 8.6%, which mainly happened in male workers (80.0%) and occurred from May to July in summer (45.7%). The main causes were mechanical injuries (32.4%) and object blows (27.6%). The main sources of damage were machinery and equipment (36.2%) as well as raw materials and products (15.2%). The main injuries were located in upper limbs (53.3%) and lower limbs (22.9%). The main types of injuries were fractures (33.3%) and abrasions/contusions/puncture wounds (19.0%). The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant variations in the incidence of occupational injuries by gender, overtime, pre-job training, years of service in current position, alcohol consumption, physical exercise per week, and co-worker relationship (P<0.05). The logistic regression model showed that workers who exercised less than twice a week, did not participate in pre-job training, worked overtime, and had fair/poor/very poor colleague relationship had a higher risk of occupational injury, while women had a lower risk of occupational injury. Conclusion The distribution of occupational injury population is mainly male, and the time distribution is mainly from May to July. Gender, physical exercise, pre-job training, overtime, and colleague relationship are the influencing factors of occupational injuries. We should strengthen pre-job training, arrange work hours reasonably, and create a good working atmosphere to reduce the occurrence of occupational injuries.

Background Social psychological factors have emerged as a key area of research in occupational injury prevention. Occupational stress, a significant component of social psychology, has garnered widespread attention due to its potential impact on occupational injury. Objective To analyze the factors influencing occupational stress among cable manufacturing workers and explore the relationship between occupational stress and occupational injury, and to provide scientific evidence for reducing occupational stress and injury. Methods A questionnaire on basic demographics, occupational injury, and occupational stress (Effort-Reward Imbalance, ERI) was used to investigate 1343 workers in a cable enterprise. Chi-square test was employed to analyze the distribution of occupational stress across different worker characteristics. Logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing occupational stress, and a decision tree model was applied to assess the impact of occupational stress on injury risk. Results A total of 1225 valid questionnaires were collected, yielding a response rate of 91.2%. The positive rate of occupational stress was 28.7%, while the incidence of occupational injury in the past year was 8.6%. The results of univariate analysis revealed that workers who had experienced occupational injuries had a higher positive rate of occupational stress compared to those without injuries (P<0.05), and there were significant differences in the distribution of occupational stress by genders, overtime work, shift work, daily working hours, fatigue levels, sleep duration, family relationships, and colleague relationships (P<0.05). The logistic regression results showed that individuals who worked shifts, had fair/poor/very colleague relationships, and frequently worked overtime had a higher risk of occupational stress (P<0.05). The final decision tree model confirmed that occupational stress was a risk factor for occupational injury. Additional factors influencing occupational injury included physical exercise, colleague relationships, pre-job training participation, and gender. Workers who exercised less than twice per week and experienced occupational stress had a significantly higher risk of injury (23.6%) compared to those without occupational stress (10.9%). Conclusion Shift work, colleague relationships, and overtime work are correlated with the positive rate of occupational stress among cable manufacturing workers. Implementing a reasonable work schedule and fostering a positive work environment are recommended. Reducing occupational stress may help lower the risk of occupational injuries in this industry.

Objective: To analyze the change trends in the body shape indicators and proportions of students in Harbin from 2010 to 2024, and to investigate ergonomic compatibility of functional dimensions of school desks and chairs with current student shape indicators, so as to provide a reference for revising furniture standards of desks and chairs. Methods: Between September and November of both 2010 and 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was conducted across three districts in Harbin, yielding samples of 6 590 and 6 252 students, respectively. Anthropometric shape indicators cluding height, sitting height, crus length, and thigh length-and their proportional changes were compared over the 15-year period. The 2024 data were compared with current standard functional dimensions of school furniture. The statistical analysis incorporated t-test and Mann-Whitney U- test. Results: From 2010 to 2024, average height increased by 1.8 cm for boys and 1.5 cm for girls; sitting height increased by 1.5 cm for both genders; crus length increased by 0.3 cm for boys and 0.4 cm for girls; and thigh length increased by 0.5 cm for both genders. The ratios of sitting height to height, and sitting height to leg length increased by less than 0.1 . The difference between desk chair height and 1/3 sitting height ranged from 0.4-0.8 cm. Among students matched with size 0 desks and chairs, 22.0% had a desk to chair height difference less than 0, indicating that the desk to chair height difference might be insufficient for taller students. The differences between seat height and fibular height ranged from -1.4 to 1.1 cm; and the differences between seat depth and buttock popliteal length ranged from -9.8 to 3.4 cm. Among obese students, the differences between seat width and 1/2 hip circumference ranged from -20.5 to -8.7 cm, while it ranged from -12.2 to -3.8 cm among non obese students. Conclusion Current furniture standards basically satisfy hygienic requirements; however, in the case of exceptionally tall and obese students, ergonomic accommodations such as adaptive seating allocation or personalized adjustments are recommended to meet hygienic requirements.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of intra-tumor and peri-tumor ultrasound radiomics models based on machine learning algorithms for predicting benign and malignant Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4 breast lesions, and provide insights into early diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted based on the medical records of 450 female patients who underwent breast ultrasound examination in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2020 to April 2022. The patients were divided into the benign (n = 199) and malignant (n = 195) groups according to pathological examination, and randomized into the training (n = 275) and validation (n = 119) sets at a ratio of 7∶3. Radiomics features were extracted and screened. Intra-tumor, peri-tumor, and intra-tumor + peri-tumor ultrasound radiomics models were constructed based on three machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and multi-layer perceptron (MLP). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curves were plotted to evaluate the efficacy of the radiomics models for prediction of benign and malignant breast lesions. Results A total of 17 intra-tumor, 16 peri-tumor, and 17 intra-tumor + peri-tumor radiomics features were selected for model construction. Based on LR, MLP, and SVM algorithms, the intra-tumor + peri-tumor radiomics models showed higher predictive efficacy than intra-tumor and peri-tumor radiomics models. The predictive efficacy of intra-tumor, peri-tumor, and intra-tumor + peri-tumor radiomics models were higher based on the SVM algorithm than based on LR and MLP algorithms. For the intra-tumor radiomics model based on the SVM algorithm, the area under the ROC curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and a specificity were 0.909, 0.851, 0.860, and 0.842, respectively, in the training set and 0.866, 0.832, 0.847, and 0.817, respectively, in the validation set. For the peri-tumor radiomics model based on the SVM algorithm, these values were 0.899, 0.855, 0.882, and 0.827, respectively, in the training set and 0.844, 0.815, 0.847, and 0.783, respectively, in the validation set. For the intra-tumor + peri-tumor radiomics model based on the SVM algorithm, these values were 0.943, 0.876, 0.860, and 0.892, respectively, in the training set and 0.881, 0.849, 0.915, and 0.783, respectively, in the validation set. Conclusion The intra-tumor and peri-tumor ultrasound radiomics models based on machine learning algorithms are highly valuable for prediction of benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 breast lesions. The intra-tumor + peri-tumor ultrasound radiomics model based on the SVM algorithm has the optimal efficacy for prediction of benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 breast lesions.

ObjectiveTo monitor the real-time changes in ammonia concentration in the laboratory animal facility environment before, during, and after the air conditioning system stops supplying air, so as to provide a basis and reference for developing emergency plans for the shutdown of the air conditioning system. MethodsThe laboratory animal facilities of the Wuhan Institute of Biological Products were used as the research object. Ammonia concentration detectors were used to monitor ammonia concentration continuously in the environment of conventional rabbit production facility, SPF hamster production facility, and SPF guinea pig experimental facility before and after the passive shutdown due to repairs and active maintenance shutdown of the air conditioning system, as well as the time for the ammonia concentration to return to daily levels after resuming air supply. ResultsUnder both shutdown modes of the air conditioning system, the trend of ammonia concentration changes in different laboratory animal facilities was consistent, showing a rapid increase after shutdown and a rapid decrease after resuming air supply. Under active maintenance shutdown, the maximum ammonia concentrations in the conventional rabbit production facilities, SPF hamster production facilities, and SPF guinea pig experimental facilities were 9.81 mg/m³, 14.27 mg/m³, and 6.98 mg/m³, respectively. Within 12 minutes after resuming air supply, ammonia concentration could return to normal daily levels. Under passive long-term shutdown, ammonia concentration value was positively correlated with the duration of air supply suspension. As the shutdown duration increased, ammonia concentration continued to increase. The maximum ammonia concentration values in the three facilities occurred at 88 minutes (38.06 mg/m³), 40 minutes (18.43 mg/m³), and 34 minutes (15.61 mg/m³) after air supply suspension, respectively.Within 11 minutes after resuming air supply, ammonia concentration could return to normal daily levels. ConclusionShutdown of the air conditioning system causes a rapid increase in ammonia concentration in laboratory animal facilities, and the rise in ammonia concentration is positively correlated with the duration of air supply suspension. Therefore, when an emergency shutdown of the air-conditioning system is required due to maintenance or other reasons, backup fans should be provided in accordance with the requirements of GB 50447-2008 "Architectural and Technical Code for Laboratory Animal Facilities". Older facilities should make adequate preparations and develop a scientifically sound emergency plan.

To promote the development of extracellular vesicles of herbal medicine especially the establishment of standardization, led by the National Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, research experts in the field of herbal medicine and extracellular vesicles were invited nationwide with the support of the Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, Professional Committee on Extracellular Vesicle Research and Application, Chinese Society of Research Hospitals and the Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Herbal Vesicles. Based on the collation of relevant literature, we have adopted the Delphi method, the consensus meeting method combined with the nominal group method to form a discussion draft of "Consensus statement on research and application of Chinese herbal medicine derived extracellular vesicles-like particles (2023)". The first draft was discussed in online and offline meetings on October 12, 14, November 2, 2022 and April and May 2023 on the current status of research, nomenclature, isolation methods, quality standards and research applications of extracellular vesicles of Chinese herbal medicines, and 13 consensus opinions were finally formed. At the Third Academic Conference on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, held on May 26, 2023, Kewei Zhao, convenor of the consensus, presented and read the consensus to the experts of the Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles. The consensus highlights the characteristics and advantages of Chinese medicine, inherits the essence, and keeps the righteousness and innovation, aiming to provide a reference for colleagues engaged in research and application of Chinese herbal vesicles at home and abroad, decode the mystery behind Chinese herbal vesicles together, establish a safe, effective and controllable accurate Chinese herbal vesicle prevention and treatment system, and build a bridge for Chinese medicine to the world.

Objective To explore the effect of cannabinoid receptor 2(CB2)on orthodontic tooth movement(OTM)rate and periodontal tissue reconstruction of pressure area in mice.Methods Thirty CB2-/-male mice and thirty littermate control WT male mice were individually accepted the orthodontic appliance at their age of 6 weeks.The mice were respectively scarified at 3 days,7 days,14 days and 21 days after the operation.Then the tooth movement distance was examined through the stereomicroscope.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to explore the biological responses of periodontium at the distal mesial root pressure area.Anti-tartrate acid phospha-tase staining was performed to calculate the number and distribution of osteoclasts at the distal mesial root pressure area,and MMP-9 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry to examine the number of MMP-9(+)monocytes and multinucleated cells in the same district as the TRAP staining.Results Compared with those WT mice at 3,7,14 and 21 days,OTM distance showed a gradual increased tendency according with experimental time over 21 days.The widths of periodontal ligament on the pressure side were markedly greater in CB2-/-mice than WT mice at 7,14 and 21 days(P＜0.000 1).The numbers of TRAP positive osteoclasts were significantly greater in CB2-/-mice than those in WT mice at 14 days of OTM(P＜0.001).MMP-9 immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of MMP-9(+)monocytes and multinucleated cells was more in CB2-/-mice than that in WT mice at 14 days of OTM(P＜0.05).Conclusion The absence of CB2 accelerates orthodontic tooth movement under or-thodontic force.The absence of CB2 reinforces bone resorption in orthodontic tooth movement compressive area dur-ing orthodontic tooth movement.

Objective To investigate the value of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)T2-mapping in evaluating the activity of Graves ophthalmopathy(GO).Methods A total of 64 patients with GO in the Department of Endocrinology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from July 2019 to January 2021 were collected.Simple random grouping was performed by computer,with 49 cases as observation subjects,and 15 patients for diagnostic test.According to clinical activity score(CAS),49 GO patients were divided into active group(CAS≥3 points,48 eyes)and inactive group(CAS<3 points,50 eyes).Normal control group(NC group)included 31 patients(62 eyes).All subjects underwent 3.0T orbital MRI T2-mapping.Measuring the T2 relaxation time(T2RT)of superior rectus,inferior rectus,medial rectus,and lateral rectus on five layers behind the eyeball on T2-mapping coronal images,and select the maximum value of T2RT in the five layers for each extraocular muscle to represent the T2RT of this extraocular muscle.Finally,select the maximum T2RT values of the four extraocular muscles,expressed as extraocular muscle maximum T2RT.Compare the differences of the above 5 indicators(superior rectus T2RT,inferior rectus T2RT,medial rectus T2RT,lateral rectus T2RT,extraocular muscle maximum T2RT)between active group,inactive group and NC group.ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of the above 5 indicators for GO activity assessment,and the diagnostic threshold was obtained.Then,another 15 GO patients were performed for diagnostic tests evaluation to determine the indicators of high diagnostic efficacy and the threshold of diagnostic activity.Results The T2RT of all extraocular muscles in active group were significantly higher than those in inactive group and NC group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).The threshold value of the five indicators were obtained by ROC curve analysis.The maximum T2RT cut-off values of superior rectus muscle,inferior rectus muscle,medial rectus muscle,lateral rectus muscle and extraocular muscles for judging activity were 80.200 ms,97.045 ms,94.355 ms,85.750 ms and 101.385 ms respectively.Another 15 GO patients were performed for diagnostic tests,the indexes with relatively high sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were inferior rectus T2RT and extraocular muscle maximum T2RT,the cut-off values of GO activity were 97.045 ms and 101.385 ms,respectively;the sensitivity were 91.7％and 93.8％,respectively;the specificity all were 80.0％.Conclusions MRI T2-mapping sequence has a good value in assessment of GO activity.The inferior rectus T2RT and extraocular muscle maximum T2RT can be choosed to evaluate the activity of GO.

Currently,human health due to corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has been seriously threatened.The coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)spike(S)protein plays a crucial role in virus transmission and several S-based therapeutic approaches have been approved for the treatment of COVID-19.However,the efficacy is compromised by the SARS-CoV-2 evolvement and mutation.Here we report the SARS-CoV-2 S protein receptor-binding domain(RBD)inhibitor licorice-saponin A3(A3)could widely inhibit RBD of SARS-CoV-2 variants,including Beta,Delta,and Omicron BA.1,XBB and BQ1.1.Furthermore,A3 could potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus in Vero E6 cells,with EC50 of 1.016 pM.The mechanism was related to binding with Y453 of RBD deter-mined by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry(HDX-MS)analysis combined with quan-tum mechanics/molecular mechanics(QM/MM)simulations.Interestingly,phosphoproteomics analysis and multi fluorescent immunohistochemistry(mIHC)respectively indicated that A3 also inhibits host inflammation by directly modulating the JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)path-ways and rebalancing the corresponding immune dysregulation.This work supports A3 as a promising broad-spectrum small molecule drug candidate for COVID-19.