Objective To understand the epidemiology and trends of of unintentional injury deaths of children <5 years of age in Suzhou during 2016-2020 and to provide injury prevention and policy implications basis. Methods Surveillance data of children <5 years of age in 2016-2020 were collected，descriptive analysis and Chi-square test were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of injury deaths among children. Results The death rate of unintentional injury deaths demonstrated decreased from 80.17/100 000 in 2016 to 77.84/100 000 in 2020; The proportion of drowning and traffic accidents in migrant children was significantly higher than local children（χ²=16.44 , χ²=5.284 , P＜0.05）. The three leading causes of unintentional injury deaths were drowning (2.30/10000), suffocation (1.90/10000), and traffic accidents (1.42/10 000). Drowning among boys was 8.74 per cent, which was significantly higher than in girls（χ²=9.36，P＜0.05）. Drowning was the leading cause in boys, while suffocation was the leading cause of accidental death in girls. Accidents accounted for 57.49% of all deaths among children aged 1 to 4 years. Suffocation was the leading cause in children <1 year of age, but drowning（38.62%）was more prominent in children 1-4 years of age. Suffocation has high incidence in the winter, and drowning has high incidence in the summer season（P＜0.05）. Conclusions Effective childhood injury prevention may require different prevention policies combination depending on epidemiological characteristics such as genders, age groups，household register and seasons. The prevention programs should be carried especially the floating population.

Objective:To investigate the application value of machine learning algorithms for gauze detection in laparoscopic pancreatic surgery.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The 80 intact laparoscopic pancreatic surgery videos from Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences with timing of July 2017 to July 2020 were collected. The training set was used to train the neural network, and the test set was used to test the ability of neural network for gauze detection under different difficulties. Under the supervision of two superior doctors, videos that containing gauze were selected and classified according to recognition difficulty into three difficulty level including easy, normal and hard difficulty, and further divided based on random number method into training set with 61 videos and test set with 19 videos in a ratio of 3:1 roughly. The minimum enclosing rectangle of the gauze were marked frame by frame. All images were input to the neural network model for training after normalization and preprocessing. For every image, the output of neural network is the predicted minimum enclosing rectangle of gauze. The intersection over union >0.5 was identified as positive result. Observation indicators: (1) video annotation and classification; (2) test outcomes of neural network for test set.Count data were represented as absolute numbers or percentages.Results:(1) Video annotation and classification: a total of 26 893 frames of images form 80 videos were annotated, with 61 videos including 22 564 frames of images as the training set and 19 videos including 4 329 frames of images as the test set. Of the training set, 19 videos including 5 791 frames of images were classifed as easy difficulty, 38 videos including 15 771 frames of images were classifed as normal difficulty, 4 videos including 1 002 frames of images were classifed as hard difficulty, respectively. Of the test set, 4 videos including 1 684 frames of images were classifed as easy difficulty, 6 videos including 1 016 frames of images were classifed as normal difficulty, 9 videos including 1 629 frames of images were classifed as hard difficulty, respectively. (2) Test outcomes of neural network for test set: the overall sensitivity and accuracy of gauze detection by neural network in the test set were 78.471%(3 397/4 329) and 69.811%(3 397/4 866), respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of gauze detection by neural network were 94.478%(1 591/1 684) and 83.168%(1 591/1 913) in easy difficulty test set. The sensitivity and accuracy of gauze detection by neural network were 80.413%(817/1 016) and 70.859%(817/1 153) in normal difficulty test set, 60.712%(989/1 629) and 54.944%(989/1 800)in hard difficulty test set. The frame rate reached more than or equally to 15 fps. The overall false negative rate and false positive rate of gauze detection by neural network in the test set were 21.529%(932/4 329) and 30.189%(1 469/4 866), respectively. The false negative was mainly due to the existence of blurred images, too small gauze exposure or blood immersion of gauze. The false positive was caused by the reflection of connective tissue or body fluids.Conclusion:The machine learning algorithms for gauze detection in laparoscopic pancreatic surgery is feasible, which could help medical staff identify gauze.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in 259 professional automobile drivers,and to put forward targeted suggestions on protection.Methods In October 2014,114 male bus drivers and 145 male taxi drivers in a transportation service company were enrolled as investigation group,and 121 non-operating male staff were enrolled as control group.Physical examination and a questionnaire survey were conducted for both groups,and the results were analyzed.Results The bus drivers and taxi drivers had significantly higher prevalence rates of MS than the non-operating staff (17.5％/13.1％ vs 3.3％,P＜0.05).The results of univariate logistic analysis showed that smoking (OR=2.58,95％CI 1.14～5.88),exercise (OR=0.21,95％CI 0.10～0.43),meal time (OR=0.27,95％CI 0.13～0.59),and a family history of chronic diseases (OR =2.26,95％ CI 1.13～4.50) were associated with MS,and each independent variable showed significant differences between groups (P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that with age remaining the same,smoking was the risk factor for MS in professional automobile drivers (OR=5.25,95％CI 2.00～13.80),and meal time(20～40 min)(OR=0.20,95％CI 0.09～0.44)and exercise (OR=0.13,95％CI 0.06～0.30)were protective factors against MS.Conclusion Professional automobile drivers have a higher prevalence rate of MS than non-operating staff,which should be taken seriously by working personnel.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in 259 professional automobile drivers,and to put forward targeted suggestions on protection.Methods In October 2014,114 male bus drivers and 145 male taxi drivers in a transportation service company were enrolled as investigation group,and 121 non-operating male staff were enrolled as control group.Physical examination and a questionnaire survey were conducted for both groups,and the results were analyzed.Results The bus drivers and taxi drivers had significantly higher prevalence rates of MS than the non-operating staff (17.5％/13.1％ vs 3.3％,P＜0.05).The results of univariate logistic analysis showed that smoking (OR=2.58,95％CI 1.14～5.88),exercise (OR=0.21,95％CI 0.10～0.43),meal time (OR=0.27,95％CI 0.13～0.59),and a family history of chronic diseases (OR =2.26,95％ CI 1.13～4.50) were associated with MS,and each independent variable showed significant differences between groups (P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that with age remaining the same,smoking was the risk factor for MS in professional automobile drivers (OR=5.25,95％CI 2.00～13.80),and meal time(20～40 min)(OR=0.20,95％CI 0.09～0.44)and exercise (OR=0.13,95％CI 0.06～0.30)were protective factors against MS.Conclusion Professional automobile drivers have a higher prevalence rate of MS than non-operating staff,which should be taken seriously by working personnel.

Cells can adapt to environment and development by reconstructing their transcriptional networks to regulate diverse cellular processes without altering the underlying DNA sequences. These alterations, namely epigenetic changes, occur during cell division, differentiation and cell death. Numerous evidences demonstrate that epigenetic changes are governed by various types of determinants, including DNA methylation patterns, histone posttranslational modification signatures, histone variants, chromatin remodeling, and recently discovered chromosome conformation characteristics and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Here, we highlight recent efforts on how the two latter epigenetic factors participate in the sophisticated transcriptional process and describe emerging techniques which permit us to uncover and gain insights into the fascinating genomic regulation.
Cell Death ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Chromatin ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Eukaryotic Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Histones ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; RNA, Untranslated ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic

Objective To evaluate the concentration of urinary cadmium and serum sex hormone in cadmium-exposed male workers and explore the affecting factors and related mechanism.Methods The individuals exposed to cadmium from three workshops 40 in each, in a cadmium rechargeable battery manufacture plant were selected as the exposure groups according to concentrations of cadmium oxide in the workplace in November 2008, namely assembly, charging and butt-weld workshop for low, moderate and high dosage group.Another forty male workers without cadmium exposure of the same plant were selected as the control group.Urinary cadmium, serum testosterone,FSH and LH concentrations were measured and urinary cadmium concentration abnormity rate was calculated for the following analysis.Results Compared with the control group, the urinary cadmium concentration and its abnormity rate of the low and high dosage groups were all significantly increased(P9 years groups were all significantly increased(P