Ion mobility spectroscopy(IMS)has many advantages such as fast detection speed,high sensitivity,and portability,and thus plays an important role in on-site detection of chemical agents,explosives,drugs,environmental pollutants,and other pollutants.As a key component of IMS,the ion number density and temporal width of the injected ion packets directly determine the IMS detection sensitivity and resolution.In yhis study,the dual-parallel-grid structure of Tyndall-Powell gate(TPG),which could effectively isolate the electric fields within the ionization region,gate region,and drift region,was utilized to develop a dual effect TPG gating method for simultaneously enhancing the mobility discrimination reduction and ion packet temporal width compression,thereby improving the IMS performance.A TPG-IMS platform was thus built up and the effects of parameters such as gate opening pulsed width,gate penetration voltage,and ion injection voltage on the sensitivity and resolving power of IMS were systematically investigated using the dual-effect TPG gating method.The results demonstrated that,when detecting diethyl phosphate(DEP)and diethyl methylphosphate(DEMP)mixture using the dual effect TPG gating method,the peak currents of(DEP)2H+and(DEP·DEMP)H+ions with low K0 values were increased by 18 and 45 times respectively,while maintaining a high resolution of about 90.The limits of detection for DEP and DEMP were decreased from 4 ppb(10-9)to 235 ppt(10-12)and from 5 ppb to 156 ppt,respectively.This gating method only regulated the potential of the TPG grid adjacent to the drift region,without changing the structure of the ion mobility tube,making it convenient to apply on existing commercial instruments.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1(PI-RADS v2.1)for clinically significant prostate cancer(CSPCa)in the peripheral zone(PZ),transitional zone(TZ)and multiple zones(MZs).Methods:We retrospectively studied the clinical data on 108 patients undergoing multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging(mpMRI)and transperineal prostate biopsy in our hospital from January 2021 to January 2023.Using PI-RADS v2.1,we ex-amined the MR images of the patients with suspected PCa,compared the PI-RADS v2.1 scores with the results of prostate biopsy,and analyzed the correlation of the PI-RADS v2.1 scores with CSPCa.We calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC),and described the diagnostic performance of PI-RADS v2.1 for CSPCa in the PZ,TZ and MZs.Results:Transperineal prostate puncture biopsy was successfully completed in all the patients,which revealed 66(61.11％)cases of CSPCa with Gleason score(GS)7-10.Suspected CSPCa was observed in 45(95.74％)of the 47 PZ lesions,8(47.06％)of the 17 TZ le-sions,and 40(90.91％)of the 44 MZ lesions.The PZ,TZ and MZ lesions diagnosed by PI-RADS v2.1 were significantly correlated with CSPCa(r=0.492,P＜0.001).The AUCs of PI-RADS v2.1 for PZ,TZ and MZs were 0.644,0.732 and 0.811,with specificities of 66.8％,57.6％and 62.1％,and sensitivities of 57.2％,78.4％and 93.2％,respectively.The negative predictive values were 46.5％,85.7％and 79.2％,and the positive predictive values 76.2％,43.4％and 84.8％,respectively.Conclusion:The PI-RADS v2.1 score has a high diagnostic value for CSPCa in the PZ,TZ and MZs,with the best performance for that in the MZs.

Methamphetamine abuse is a major public health problem in the world,and in recent years,methamphetamine is also the most abused synthetic drug in China.The neurotoxic or addiction mechanism of methamphetamine has not been fully clarified,and there is still a lack of specific withdrawal methods and drugs for methamphetamine abuse.Mitochondria are not on-ly the organelles to which methamphetamine directly produces toxic effects,but also participate in regulating the neurotoxic damage process of methamphetamine.Mitochondrial quality is the regulatory basis for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and is regulated by three main mechanisms,which are mitochon-drial biogenesis,mitochondrial dynamic,and mitophagy.This review summarizes the research progress of mitochondrial quality control in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity,which may provide theoretical support for further research on the mechanism of methamphetamine neurotoxicity and development the mito-chondria-targeting drugs.

The leaves of sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides), considered as common food raw materials, have records of medicinal use and diverse pharmacological activities, showing a potential medicinal value. However, the active substances in the sea buckthorn leaves and their mechanisms of action remain unclear. In addition, due to the extensive source and large variety variations, the quality evaluation criteria of sea buckthorn leaves remain to be developed. To solve the problems, this study predicted the main active components, core targets, key pathways, and potential pharmacological effects of sea buckthorn leaves by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Furthermore, ultra-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection(UPLC-DAD) was employed to determine the content of active components and establish the chemical fingerprint, on the basis of which the quality markers of sea buckthorn leaves were predicted and then verified by the enzyme activity inhibition method. The results indicated that sea buckthorn leaves had potential therapeutic effects on a variety of digestive tract diseases, metabolic diseases, tumors, and autoimmune diseases, which were consistent with the ancient records and the results of modern pharmacological studies. The core targets of sea buckthorn leaves included PTPN11, AKT1, PIK3R1, ESR1, and SRC, which were mainly involved in the PI3K-AKT, MAPK, and HIF-1 signaling pathways. In conclusion, the active components of sea buckthorn leaves are associated with the rich flavonoids and tannins, among which quercitrin, narcissoside, and ellagic acid can be used as the quality markers of sea buckthorn leaves. The findings provide a reference for the quality control and further development and utilization of sea buckthorn leaves as medicinal materials.
Hippophae/chemistry* ; Network Pharmacology ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Flavonoids/analysis* ; Fruit/chemistry*

Objective:To analyze the patterns of antibacterial agents in Chinese children surveyed by the China multi-center monitoring network for the application of antibacterial agents in children and neonates in 2019 by using World Health Organization (WHO) Access, Watch, Reserve and Not-recommended (AWaRe) and typical anatomical/therapeutic/chemical (ATC) in this study.Methods:The cross-sectional method was adopted.A multi-center cross-sectional survey was conducted on one day from September to December 2019.The information of all inpatients taking antibiotics was uploaded to the network-based data collection system (https: //garpec-31.mobilemd.cn/login.aspx? relogin=true). This study covered 13 hospitals from 10 provinces and cities in China.All hospitalized children in the Respiratory Department, Infectious Disease Department, General Surgery Department, Pediatric Intensive Care Units, Neonatal Intensive Care Units and Neonatology joined in this survey.The clinically used antibacterial agents were classified by AWaRe and ATC, and the AWaRe and ATC distributions of antibacterial agents prescribed for Chinese children and neonates were described.Results:Of the 2 644 antibiotic prescriptions included from 13 hospitals, 2 134 (80.71%) were for children and 510 (19.29%) were for neonates.Of all antibiotic prescriptions, there were 368 (13.92%) Access antibiotics prescriptions, 1 973 (74.62%) Watch prescriptions, 60 (2.27%) Reserve prescriptions and 243 (9.19%) Not-recommended prescriptions.The top-five antibiotics prescribed for children and neonates were third-generation cephalosporins (1 056, 39.94%), macrolides (492, 18.61%), carbapenems (275, 10.40%), beta lactam-beta lactamase inhibitors (246, 9.30%), and second-generation cephalosporins (136, 5.14%). The use ratios of Access, Watch, Reserve and Not-recommended antibiotics in each center ranged from 0 to 30.00%, 36.67% to 97.20%, 0 to 17.02% and 0 to 33.33%, respectively.In 1 360 antibiotic prescriptions for children and neonates with pneumonia, there were 152 (11.18%) Access antibiotics, 1 051 (77.28%) Watch antibiotics, 37 (2.72%) Reserve antibiotics, and 120 (8.82%) Not-recommended antibiotics.The top-five antibiotics prescribed for children with pneumonia were third-generation cephalosporins (522, 38.38%), macrolides (388, 28.53%), beta lactam-beta lactamase inhibitors (141, 10.37%), carbapenems (117, 8.6%) and penicillins (49, 3.60%).Conclusions:Watch antibiotics and broad spectrum antibiotics such as third-generation cephalosporins and macrolides prone to induce resistance are the main antibacterial agents used in Chinese children and neonates with pneumonia.Broad-spectrum antibiotics may be overused in Chinese children and neonates.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of navel acupuncture on bladder emptying function in patients with urinary retention after stroke based on the conventional treatment. METHODS: A total of 106 patients with urinary retention after stroke were randomly divided into an observation group (53 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (53 cases, 3 cases dropped off). Patients in the control group were treated with drugs, catheterization and bladder function rehabilitation training. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, the observation group was treated with navel acupuncture, 30 min each time, once every other day, for 4 weeks. The bladder residual urine volume, spontaneous urination volume and catheterization times before and after treatment were compared between the two groups, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated. RESULTS: After treatment, in the two groups, the bladder residual urine volume and catheterization times were lower than those before treatment (P<0.01), and the spontaneous urination volume was higher than that before treatment (P<0.01); the bladder residual urine volume and catheterization times in the observation group were less than those in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the spontaneous urination volume was higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The effective rate of the observation group was 90.0 % (45/50), which was higher than 72.0 % (36/50) in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION On the basis of conventional treatment, navel acupuncture can effectively improve the bladder emptying function of patients with urinary retention after stroke.
Humans ; Stroke/therapy* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Retention/therapy*

Acute respiratory tract infection is the most common infectious disease in children, which seriously threatens children′s health.Rapid and accurate etiological diagnosis is of great significance for the clinical treatment and control of these diseases.Pathogen nucleic acid test was applied and became the main method of respiratory tract infection diagnosis for its high sensitivity and specificity.To regulate the application of pathogen nucleic acid amplification test in respiratory tract infection in children, improve the diagnosis level, expert consensus on nucleic acid amplification test of respiratory pathogens in children was prepared to guide the application and promote pathogens diagnosis ability.

Zinner syndrome is a congenital genitourinary embryo malformation, which is clinically rare, difficult to diagnose, and usually found in the sexually active stage. MRI is the preferred method for diagnosis. Conservative treatment was usually conducted for most asymptomatic patients. Symptomatic patients can be treated by laparoscopic or robotic surgery. For patients with infertility complicated with ejaculatory duct obstruction, transurethral resection of the ejaculatory duct is feasible, which contributes to improving sperm vitality and quantity and increasing semen volume. However, some patients still have azoospermia after surgery. The etiology is needed further studied. A case of infertility with Zinner syndrome and ectopic ureteral opening in seminal vesicle cyst is reported.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influencing factors of the residual back pain in patient with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCFs) in the early and late stages after percutaneous vertebral augmentation(PVA), and analyze the correlation between these factors and the residual back pain after PVA. METHODS: From March 2018 to December 2019, 312 patients with OVCFs who treated with PVA were collected. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 240 patients were included in this retrospective study. There were 59 males and 181 females, aged from 50 to 95 years old with an average of (76.11±10.72) years old, and 50 cases of fractures located in the thoracic region (T₅-T₁₀), 159 cases in the thoracolumbar region (T₁₁-L₂), and 31 cases in the lumbar region (L₃ and below). The first day after PVA was regarded as the early postoperative period, and the seventh day was regarded as the late postoperative period. According to the visual analogue scale (VAS), the patients were divided into 4 groups:early postoperative pain relief group(group A, VAS≤4 scores), there were 121 patients, including 29 males and 92 females, aged from 50 to 90 years with an average of (75.71±11.00) years;early postoperative pain relief was not an obvious group (group B, VAS >4 scores), there were 119 patients, including 30 males and 89 females, aged from 53 to 95 years with an average of (76.51±10.46) years; late postoperative pain relief group (group C, VAS≤ 4 scores), there were 172 patients, including 42 males and 130 females, aged from 50 to 95 years with an average of (76.20±10.68) years; late postoperative pain relief was not obvious group (group D, VAS>4 scores), there were 68 patients, including 17 males and 51 females, aged from 53 to 94 years old with an average of (75.88±10.91) years old. The age, gender, bone mineral density(BMD), injured vertebral segment, preoperative thoracolumbar fascial condition, surgical methods, single or bilateral puncture, the amount of bone cement injection, anterior vertebral height recovery rate and central vertebral height recovery rate in the 4 groups were analyzed by univariate analysis. The statistically significant factors were put into a Logistic regression to analyze the correlation between these factors and residual back pain after PVA. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that the residual back pain in the early stage after PVA was correlated with BMD, preoperative thoracolumbar fascial injury, single or bilateral puncture, the amount of bone cement injection, anterior vertebral height recovery rate and central vertebral height recovery rate(P<0.05). The residual back pain in the late postoperative period was related to BMD, injured vertebral segment, surgical methods, the amount of bone cement injection, anterior vertebral height recovery rate and central vertebral height recovery rate(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that thoracolumbar fascial injury(OR=4.938, P=0.001), single or bilateral puncture(OR=5.073, P=0.002) were positively correlated with the residual back pain in the early stage after PVA(B>0), which were risk factors;the BMD (OR=0.211, P=0.000) and anterior vertebral height recovery rate (OR=0.866, P=0.001) were negatively correlated with the residual back pain in the early stage after PVA(B<0), which were protective factors. In the late stage after PVA, the BMD(OR=0.448, P=0.003), the amount of bone cement injection (OR=0.648, P=0.004) and anterior vertebral height recovery rate (OR=0.820, P=0.000) were negatively correlated with residual back pain(B<0), which were protective factors. CONCLUSION The decrease of BMD, injury of the thoracolumbar fascia, single or bilateral puncture, poor recovery of anterior vertebral height and insufficient injection of bone cement are closely related to the occurrence of residual back pain after PVA, which affect the relief of residual back pain in the early and late postoperative periods.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Back Pain ; Bone Cements ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Fractures, Compression/etiology* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporotic Fractures/surgery* ; Pain, Postoperative/etiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Vertebroplasty/methods*

Purpose::Terminal performance of a bullet in human body is critical for the treatment of gunshot injury and optimization of bullet design. The effects of the impact velocity ( v0) and the impact attack angle ( δ0) of the bullet on its terminal performance was investigated, using a new evaluation method (called expansion method) based on the expansion of cracks and the permanent cavity wall in ballistic gelatin. Methods::Ballistic gelatin was used to simulate human body. The 7.62 mm × 39 mm rifle bullets with different v0 (600-760 m/s) and δ0 (0°-6°) were fired into the gelatin blocks. The gelatin block was cut into slices of about 20 mm thickness. The cracks and the permanent cavity on each slice were obtained manually. The damaged gelatin was determined using two methods: expanding the permanent cavity but ignoring the cracks, and expanding both the permanent cavity and the cracks. The relations between the damaged gelatin and v0 and δ0 were obtained using linear fitting method. Results::According to the distribution of the damaged gelatin along the penetration depth, the damaged gelatin block could be divided into two parts: the less damaged part and the severely damaged part. The length of the less damaged part depends mostly on δ0; while the average damaged area of this part depends on both δ0 as well as v0. The cracks contributed significantly to the total volume of damaged gelatin, particularly when the expansion was larger than 1.9 mm. The total damaged gelatin increases with v0, δ0 and the expansion extent. The average length of equivalent cracks grew with v0 and δ0 when considering the cracks, and decreased with v0 when ignoring the cracks. Conclusion::The expansion method is suitable to investigate the influence of different factors of bullets on their terminal performance. The characteristics of the damaged gelatin have a linear relationship with the initial attack angle ( δ0) and the initial velocity ( v0) of the bullet.