Objective To investigate the CT and MRI findings of different types of small round cell tumor(SRCT)in the nasal cavity and sinuses.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the imaging data and clinical data of 35 SRCT patients confirmed by pathology.Thirty-one SRCT patients underwent CT examination,and 19 SRCT patients underwent MRI examination.Results There were 20 cases of tumors that invaded the nasal cavity and 19 cases involved the sinuses,including 11 cases of the maxillary sinus,7 cases of the ethmoid sinus,2 cases of the sphenoid sinus,and 1 case of the frontal sinus.CT findings of SRCT were all soft tissue masses.Lymphoma was relatively homogeneous with mild bone destruction,and usually involved nasal vestibular skin.Rhabdomyosarcoma(embryonic type)happened at an early age and easily caused bone destruction and metastasis.Melanoma generally occurred in the nasal septum and nasal cavity,which was prone to bleeding.Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma was heterogeneous,with moderate to significant enhancement,bone absorption and destruction were often noticed.The MRI manifestations of SRCT were equal or long signal on T1WI,high signal on T2WI,and significant diffusion limitation on diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)except for melanoma.On contrast-enhanced images,lymphoma showed mild to moderate enhancement,rhabdomyosarcoma showed typical"grape sign",and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma showed"sieve"and"map-like"obvious enhancement.Typical melanoma showed a high signal on T1WI and a low signal on T2WI and usually caused bleeding.The MRI findings were related to the presence of melanoma and hemorrhage within the lesion.Conclusion SRCT of the nasal cavity and sinuses have a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis,CT and MRI have many similar manifestations.Combining clinical data,bone destruction,MRI enhancement,and DWI sequence can effectively distinguish different types of SRCT,as well as squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity and sinuses and adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of naringin on acute lung injury(ALI)in septic mice.Methods The acute lung injury mouse model of sepsis was established by intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg·kg-1 lipopolysaccharide.The mice were randomly divided into control group(injected with equal amounts of saline and phosphate buffer),model group(mouse model of sepsis acute lung injury),naringin group(50 mg·kg-1 naringin injected intraperitoneally 1 hour prior to lipopolysaccharide modeling)and BzATP group(50 mg·kg-1 naringin+5 mg·kg-1 BzATP injected intraperitoneally 1 hour prior to lipopolysaccharide modeling).After modeling,lung tissues were taken 24 h later,lung coefficients were calculated;lung tissue interleukin(-ILβ-1 β),interleukin-10(IL-10)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;the expression of purinergic 2X7 receptor(P2X7R),nucleotide-binding oligomerization structural domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)proteins were detected by Western blotting.Results The lung coefficients in the control,model,naringin and BzATP groups were(6.26±0.31),(9.09±1.02),(7.02±0.45)and(8.79±0.55)mg·g-1;the contents of TNF-α were(56.41±0.35),(174.68±1.58),(85.23±1.68)and(162.97±3.42)pg·mL-1;the contents of IL-1β were(44.18±7.37),(119.91±17.16),(85.41±2.14)and(104.57±3.39)pg·mL-1;the contents of IL-10 were(50.82±2.89),(28.31±1.86),(42.82±1.98)and(25.19±1.69)pg·mL-1;P2X7 protein expression levels were 0.45±0.16,1.33±0.10,0.64±0.09 and 1.05±0.18;NF-κB protein expression levels were 0.38±0.19,1.29±0.09,0.57±0.11 and 0.92±0.07;NLRP3 protein expression levels were 0.72±0.14,1.28±0.23,0.75±0.09 and 1.27±0.23.Compared with the model group in the control group and naringin group,compared with the naringin group in the BzATP group,the differences of the above indexes were statistically significant(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusion Naringin attenuates acute lung injury in septic mice by inhibiting the P2X7 receptor-mediated NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Micro vesicles(MVs)are the membrane structures produced by the direct outgrowth of the cell membrane,which can be involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases;MVs can also be used in the diagnosis of diseases and the prediction of prognosis.In recent years,there are more and more researches related to MVs in the field of sepsis,and the mechanism of MVs in sepsis is now reviewed.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,small molecule generation models have emerged as a significant research direction in the field of drug discovery.These models,including Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs),Variational Autoencoders(VAEs),and diffusion models,have proven to possess remarkable capabilities in optimizing drug properties and generating complex molecular structures.This article comprehensively analyzes the application of the aforementioned advanced technologies in the drug discovery process,demonstrating how they supplement and enhance traditional drug design methods.At the same time,it addresses the challenges facing current methods in terms of data quality,model complexity,computational cost,and generalization ability,with a prospect of future research directions.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and genetic features of a child with Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) and variant of the ADAR1 gene. Methods:A child who was admitted to the Department of Dermatology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in June 2020 due to irregular pigmented maculopapular rash on the dorsum of hands was selected as the study subject. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out for the child and his similarly affected father, and Sanger sequencing was used to verify the candidate variant. SWISS-MODEL was used to predict the secondary and tertiary structures of the wild-type and mutant ADAR1 proteins.Results:The child, a 13-year-old boy, had symmetrical hyperpigmented and depigmented spots on the back of his hands and was clinically diagnosed with DSH. WES and Sanger sequencing results showed that he and his father had both harbored a heterozygous c. 2858dup (p.T954Dfs*20) truncating variant in exon 10 of the ADAR1 gene. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the variant was predicted as pathogenic (PVS1+ PM2_Supporting+ PM1+ PP3). Conclusion:The c. 2858dup (p.T954Dfs*20) variant of the ADAR1 gene probably underlay the DSH in this pedigree.

Objective:To compare the testing effects of different testing methods in the functional inspection of precision surgical scissors and needle holders.Methods:By consulting relevant literature and professional books,three testing methods and materials for precision surgical scissors and needle holders were selected.The cutting performance of the precision surgical scissors were tested by gauze cloth,cotton wool,and silicone film method in the Interlock surgical instrument testing set.The clamping performance of precision needle holder was tested by using light,needle clips,and thread clamping method in the Interlock surgical instrument testing set.100 pieces of precision surgical scissors and needle holders which were qualified for cleaning and disinfection in the hospital were selected for effectiveness testing,and a self-made satisfaction questionnaire to investigate the satisfaction of surgeons with the use of instruments.Results:After 100 precision surgical scissors tested using three methods of gauze,cotton wool,and silicone film,the qualified number of cutting performance was 94,76,and 58,respectively,the difference was statistically significant(x2=36.526,P<0.05).The satisfaction rate of surgeons with the use of precision surgical scissors passed the silicone film test was the highest at 100%,followed by cotton wool cloth at 82.0%,and the gauze method at the worst at 67.0%,the difference was statistically significant(x2=48.439,P<0.05).After 100 precision needle holders were tested by using three methods of light irradiation,needle clamping,and wire clamping,the qualified number of clamping performance was 96,78,and 62,respectively,the difference was statistically significant(x2=38.160,P<0.05).The satisfaction rate of surgeons with the precision needle holders passed the clamp line test was the highest at 100.0%,followed by the clamp needle at 79.0%,and the worst under light at 62.0%,the difference was statistically significant(x2=57.705,P<0.05).Conclusion:The function and quality of precision surgical scissors and needle holders tested by the test objects in Interlock Surgical Instrument Test Suite can objectively and accurately reflect the functional status of surgical scissors and needle holders,provide reference for regular maintenance and upkeep of instruments,and ensure safe use of instruments.

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of pulsed Thulium fiber laser enucleation (ThuFLEP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods:Clinical data of 238 BPH patients who underwent ThuFLEP from November 2022 to November 2023 at Peking University First Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups based on different surgical techniques: 199 patients underwent traditional continuous-wave Thulium fiber laser prostatectomy (C-ThuFLEP group), and 39 patients underwent Thulium fiber laser enucleation with pulse modulation (P-ThuFLEP group). Propensity score matching was used to balance baseline characteristics between the two groups. Operative time, resected tissue weight, pre- and postoperative hemoglobin decrease, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative catheterization time were recorded and compared between the matched groups. Intraoperative and short-term postoperative complications were also recorded and compared between the two groups. Follow-up assessments at 1 month postoperatively were conducted to compare the maximum urinary flow rate (Q max), international prostate symptom score (IPSS), international index of erectile function (IIEF-5) score, quality of life (QOL) score, and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) score between the two groups, as well as changes in Q max and IPSS, IIEF-5, and QOL before and after surgery. Results:After matching, a total of 60 patients were included, with 30 patients in each group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age [(68.73±6.91) years vs. (71.07±7.34) years], American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (1-2/3-4: 23/7 vs. 23/7), comorbidity count (0-1/>1: 15/15 vs. 15/15), prostate volume [68.3 (50.0, 105.3) ml vs. 63.3 (45.7, 106.0) ml], preoperative IPSS score [24 (21, 29) vs. 23 (14, 26)], IIEF-5 score [5 (0, 15) vs. 5 (0, 13)], and QOL score [5 (4, 6) vs. 5 (5, 6)] (all P>0.05). The tissue removal rate in the P-ThuFLEP group was higher than that in the C-ThuFLEP group [0.82 (0.71, 1.18) g/min vs. 0.72 (0.46, 0.95) g/min, P=0.026], while there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in operative time [47 (37, 79) min vs. 65 (33, 87) min], resected tissue weight [45 (31, 75) g vs. 33 (22, 65) g], postoperative hemoglobin decrease [17 (10, 23) g/L vs. 12 (7, 19) g/L], postoperative hospital stay [4 (3, 5) days vs. 4 (3, 5) days], and postoperative catheterization time [3 (3, 5) days vs. 3 (3, 6) days]. The incidence of intraoperative complications in both groups was 10% (3/30), with no statistically significant difference ( P=1.000), and no severe complications of grade Ⅲ or above occurred. There were no statistically significant differences in Q max [24 (15, 33) ml/s vs. 16 (10, 32) ml/s], IPSS score [14 (12, 15) vs. 9 (7, 12)], QOL score [2 (1, 3) vs. 2 (1, 3)], and IIEF-5 score [3 (0, 5) vs. 3 (0, 6)] between the C-ThuFLEP and P-ThuFLEP group at 1 month postoperatively (all P > 0.05), and both showed significant improvement compared to preoperative values (all P < 0.05). The ICIQ-SF score in the P-ThuFLEP group was lower than that in the C-ThuFLEP group [0 (0, 4) vs. 4 (3, 8)], with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.033). Conclusions:Compared with traditional continuous-wave Thulium fiber laser prostatectomy, pulse-modulated Thulium fiber laser enucleation demonstrates higher efficiency in tissue removal, lower early postoperative ICIQ-SF score for urinary incontinence, similar risk of intraoperative complications, and can be safely and effectively applied in the surgical treatment of BPH patients.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of Mongolian medicine Eerdun Wurile on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy.Methods:Sixty elderly patients of either gender, aged ≥60 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ, with body mass index≤28 kg/m 2, with preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥27 points, undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using the random number table method: control group (group C) and Eerdun Wurile group (group E). Eerdun Wurile 15 capsules per day were taken for 7 consecutive days starting from 3 days before surgery in group E, and placebo was given instead in group C. The peripheral venous blood samples were collected before medication at 3 days before surgery (T 1) and 24 and 72 h after surgery (T 2, 3) for determination of the concentrations of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Tau proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The patients′ cognitive function was assessed by MMSE at T 1 and 5 days after surgery (T 4), and the occurrence of cognitive decline (MMSE score < 27) was recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the serum BDNF concentration was significantly increased at T 2 and T 3, and the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α and Tau protein were decreased, the MMSE score was increased at T 4, and the incidence of cognitive decline was decreased in group E ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Mongolian medicine Eerdun Wurile can improve postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery, and the mechanism may be related to reduction of systemic inflammatory responses and promotion of nerve cell repair and regeneration.

OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the impact of iodine-rich processed foods and dining places on the iodine nutritional status of children. METHODS: School-aged children (SAC) in seven provinces in China were selected by school-based multi-stage sampling. Urinary iodine, salt iodine, and thyroid volume (TVOL) were determined. Questionnaires were used to investigate dining places and iodine-rich processed foods. The water iodine was from the 2017 national survey. Multi-factor regression analysis was used to find correlations between variables. RESULTS: Children ate 78.7% of their meals at home, 15.1% at school canteens, and 6.1% at other places. The percentage of daily iodine intake from water, iodized salt, iodine-rich processed foods, and cooked food were 1.0%, 79.2%, 1.5%, and 18.4%, respectively. The salt iodine was correlated with the urinary iodine and TVOL, respectively (r = 0.999 and -0.997, P < 0.05). The iodine intake in processed foods was weakly correlated with the TVOL (r = 0.080, P < 0.01). Non-iodized salt used in processed foods or diets when eating out had less effect on children's iodine nutrition status. CONCLUSION Iodized salt remains the primary source of daily iodine intake of SAC, and processed food has less effect on iodine nutrition. Therefore, for children, iodized salt should be a compulsory supplement in their routine diet.
Humans ; Child ; Nutritional Status ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Iodine ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/analysis* ; China ; Water

Abstract：Pyroptosis is a new programmed cell death mode，which plays a dual role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）. On the one hand，inflammasomes causing pyroptosis and inflammatory mediators released during cell pyroptosis promote the occurrence and development of HCC；On the other hand，pyroptosis can inhibit the proliferation， metastasis and invasion of HCC cells. With the deepening of research，the role of pyroptosis in HCC has become increasingly prominent. This paper reviews the potential effects of pyroptosis on the progression of HCC and its role in anticancer therapy. Keywords：Pyroptosis；Inflammasome；Hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）；Gasdermin D（GSDMD）