Objective: To determine the clinical efficacy and mechanism of Piwei Peiyuan Pill (PPP) combined with moxibustion for treating patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) with spleen and stomach weakness syndrome. Methods: Ninety-six CAG patients with spleen and stomach weakness syndrome who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled at the Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from June 2022 to December 2023. The patients were randomly divided into a control, a Chinese medicine, and a combined group using a random number table method, with 32 cases in each group (two cases per group were excluded). The control group was treated with rabeprazole combined with folic acid tablets (both thrice daily), the Chinese medicine group was treated with PPP (8 g, thrice daily), and the combined group was treated with moxa stick moxibustion (once daily) on the basis of the Chinese medicine group for 12 consecutive weeks. Gastric mucosa atrophy in the three groups was observed before and after treatment. The gastric mucosal pathological score was evaluated. The Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) scale was used to evaluate the patients′ physical and mental health status and quality of life.An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-37, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β levels in each group. Real-time fluorescence PCR was used to detect the relative expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) mRNA in each group. Western blotting was used to detect the relative expression levels of proteins related to the STAT3/mTOR signaling pathway, and the adverse drug reactions and events were recorded and compared. Results: There was no statistical difference in age, gender, disease duration, family history of gastrointestinal tumors, alcohol consumption history, and body mass index among the three groups of patients.The total therapeutic efficacy rates of the control, Chinese medicine, and combined groups in treating gastric mucosal atrophy were 66.67% (20/30), 86.67% (26/30), and 90.00% (27/30), respectively (P<0.05). Compared to before treatment, the pathological and PRO scale scores of gastric mucosa in each group decreased after treatment, and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-37, and TGF-β levels decreased. The relative STAT3 and mTOR mRNA expression levels, as well as the relative STAT3, p-STAT3, mTOR, and p-mTOR protein expression levels decreased (P<0.05), whereas the IL-4 and IL-10 levels increased (P<0.05). After treatment, compared to the control group, the pathological score of gastric mucosa, PRO scale score, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-37, TGF-β content, relative STAT3 and mTOR mRNA expression levels, and relative STAT3, p-STAT3, mTOR, and p-mTOR protein expression levels in the Chinese medicine and combined groups after treatment were reduced (P<0.05), whereas the IL-4 and IL-10 levels increased (P<0.05). After treatment, compared to the Chinese medicine group, the combined group showed a decrease in relative STAT3, mTOR mRNA expression levels, and STAT3, p-STAT3, mTOR, and p-mTOR protein expression levels (P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of PPP and moxibustion may regulate the inflammatory mechanism of the body by inhibiting the abnormal activation of the STAT3/mTOR signaling pathway, upregulating related anti-inflammatory factor levels, downregulating pro-inflammatory factor expression, and increasing related repair factor expression, thereby promoting the recovery of atrophic gastric mucosa, reducing discomfort symptoms, and improving the physical and mental state of CAG patients with spleen and stomach weakness syndrome.

ObjectiveThe nucleolar protein PES1 (Pescadillo homolog 1) plays critical roles in ribosome biogenesis and cell cycle regulation, yet its involvement in cellular senescence remains poorly understood. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the functional consequences of PES1 suppression in cellular senescence and elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its regulatory role. MethodsInitially, we assessed PES1 expression patterns in two distinct senescence models: replicative senescent mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and doxorubicin-induced senescent human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Subsequently, PES1 expression was specifically downregulated using siRNA-mediated knockdown in these cell lines as well as additional relevant cell types. Cellular proliferation and senescence were assessed by EdU incorporation and SA-β-gal staining assays, respectively. The expression of senescence-associated proteins (p53, p21, and Rb) and SASP factors (IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-8) were analyzed by Western blot or qPCR. Furthermore, Northern blot and immunofluorescence were employed to evaluate pre-rRNA processing and nucleolar morphology. ResultsPES1 expression was significantly downregulated in senescent MEFs and HepG2 cells. PES1 knockdown resulted in decreased EdU-positive cells and increased SA‑β‑gal-positive cells, indicating proliferation inhibition and senescence induction. Mechanistically, PES1 suppression activated the p53-p21 pathway without affecting Rb expression, while upregulating IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 production. Notably, PES1 depletion impaired pre-rRNA maturation and induced nucleolar stress, as evidenced by aberrant nucleolar morphology. ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that PES1 deficiency triggers nucleolar stress and promotes p53-dependent (but Rb-independent) cellular senescence, highlighting its crucial role in maintaining nucleolar homeostasis and regulating senescence-associated pathways.

Aim To investigate the role of metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in promoting the transdifferentiation of pancreatic α cells to β cells. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with 60 mg/kg streptozocin (STZ) for five consecutive days to establish a type 1 diabetes (T1DM) mouse model. After two weeks, they were randomly divided into model groups and 97% EPA diet intervention group, 75% fish oil (50% EPA +25% DHA) diet intervention group, and random blood glucose was detected every week; after the model expired, the regeneration of pancreatic β cells in mouse pancreas was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The islets of mice (obtained by crossing GCG

Objective To analyze the relationship between MyD88L265P and CD79B mutations in tumor tissue and the prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL).Methods 18 PCNSL patients with normal immune function(no history of HIV infection and immunosuppressants administration)who were diagnosed by craniotomy or stereotaxic biopsy in the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from August 2018 to November 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Real-time quantitative PCR and first-generation sequencing techniques were respectively used to detect MyD88L265P and CD79B mutations in tumor tissues of 18 PCNSL patients.Univariate analysis and Cox regression multivariate analysis were performed for indicators that may be associated with first progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival in PCNSL.Results The mutation rate of MyD88L265P was 38.9%,the mutation rate of CD79B was 33.3%,and the co-mutation rate of MyD88L265P/CD79B was 27.8%in PCNSL tissue of 18 patients.Univariate analysis showed that the PCNSL patients with multiple lesions,deep involvement of lesions,and tissue CD79B mutation had a statistically significant shorter time of PFS(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that deep lesion involvement(HR=0.135,95%CI 0.023-0.799,P<0.05)and CD79B mutation(HR=0.149,95%CI 0.028-0.800,P<0.05)in PCNSL tissue were independent prognostic factors for PCNSL patients.Conclusion The frequency of MyD88L265P and CD79B mutations was high in tumor tissues of 18 PCNSL patients,and these two gene mutations may be associated with poor prognosis of PCNSL,especially CD79B mutation.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for portal hypertension, which should aid the development of TIPS in China.Methods:The China Portal Hypertension Alliance (CHESS) initiated this study that comprehensively investigated the basic situation of TIPS for portal hypertension in China through network research. The survey included the following: the number of surgical cases, main indications, the development of Early-TIPS, TIPS for portal vein cavernous transformation, collateral circulation embolization, intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurement, commonly used stent types, conventional anticoagulation and time, postoperative follow-up, obstacles, and the application of domestic instruments.Results:According to the survey, a total of 13 527 TIPS operations were carried out in 545 hospitals participating in the survey in 2021, and 94.1% of the hospital had the habit of routine follow-up after TIPS. Most hospitals believed that the main indications of TIPS were the control of acute bleeding (42.6%) and the prevention of rebleeding (40.7%). 48.1% of the teams carried out early or priority TIPS, 53.0% of the teams carried out TIPS for the cavernous transformation of the portal vein, and 81.0% chose routine embolization of collateral circulation during operation. Most of them used coils and biological glue as embolic materials, and 78.5% of the team routinely performed intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurements. In selecting TIPS stents, 57.1% of the hospitals woulel choose Viator-specific stents, 57.2% woulel choose conventional anticoagulation after TIPS, and the duration of anticoagulation was between 3-6 months (55.4%). The limitation of TIPS surgery was mainly due to cost (72.3%) and insufficient understanding of doctors in related departments (77.4%). Most teams accepted the domestic instruments used in TIPS (92.7%).Conclusions:This survey shows that TIPS treatment is an essential part of treating portal hypertension in China. The total number of TIPS cases is far from that of patients with portal hypertension. In the future, it is still necessary to popularize TIPS technology and further standardize surgical indications, routine operations, and instrument application.

OBJECTIVE To compare the anti-oxidative effects of "three decoctions for COVID-19" (Qingfei Paidu decoction, Huashi Baidu decoction, Xuanfei Baidu decoction) in parallel experimental models. METHODS In the cell-free system, the total antioxidant capacity was investigated by FRAP method. The scavenging effects of DPPH radicals and superoxide anions were evaluated by DPPH and NBT reduction method, respectively. The scavenging effect of hydroxyl radicals was determined by a fluorescence method based on the end-product MDA. The anti-lipid peroxidation activity was investigated using the FeSO4-induced rat liver homogenate MDA method. Based on these five antioxidant indicators, the antioxidant capabilities of the extracts of three decoctions were parallelly compared in the cell-free system. Furthermore, in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells, the productions of intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS) were detected using the L-012 probe and the MitoSOX mitochondrial superoxide red fluorescence probe, respectively; and intracellular NADPH oxidase activity was measured using the lucigenin probe. These three indicators were used to parallelly compare the antioxidant capabilities of the extracts of three decoctions. RESULTS In the cell-free system, three decoctions for COVID-19 could concentration-dependently scavenge DPPH radicals, superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, and potently inhibit the lipid peroxidation. At the equal extract concentration, their scavenging effects on DPPH radicals and superoxide anions and the total antioxidant capacity were comparable; while Huashi Baidu decoction exhibited the strongest ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation. In the cell system, three decoctions could reduce lipopolysaccharide-elevated intracellular ROS level by weakening NADPH oxidase activity; meanwhile, they could decrease mitochondrial ROS productions, among which Qingfei Paidu decoction possessed the most comprehensive effection. CONCLUSION Collectively, three decoctions for COVID-19 exert diverse antioxidant effects in both cell-free and cell systems, and each of them possesses the distinct advantages. Given that oxidative stress is pivotal during the pathological process of COVID-19, the results may suggest that the antioxidant ability of three decoctions is one of the pharmacodynamic basis for their clinical use.

Objective: To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of fall prevention among the elderly in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the evidence for the development of fall intervention for the elderly. Methods: The permanent residents aged 60 years and over in Huzhou City were selected using multi-stratified cluster sampling method from March to April 2023. Demographic information, activity of daily living (ADL), fall risk, and KAP of fall prevention was collected using questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting KAP of fall prevention were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 2 160 questionnaires were allocated, and 2 104 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.41%. There were 1 063 males (50.52%) and 1 041 females (49.48%), and 861 residents aged 60 to <70 years (40.92%). The awareness of fall prevention knowledge was 84.13%, the percentage of attitude towards fall prevention was 85.88%, and the percentage of practice of fall prevention was 14.59%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age, educational level, exercise duration and fall risk were associated with the awareness of fall prevention knowledge; age, educational level, marital status, exercise duration, ADL and fall risk were associated with the attitude towards fall prevention; gender, age, educational level, marital status, exercise duration, chronic diseases, ADL and fall risk were associated with the practice of fall prevention (all P<0.05). The desired access to fall prevention knowledge was mainly dominated by medical personnel, accounting for 75.51% (589/780). Conclusions The practice towards fall prevention among the elderly is relatively low in Huzhou City. The KAP of fall prevention is related to age, educational level, exercise duration and fall risk.

Objective To investigate whether resveratrol alleviates hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by enhancing the expression of silent information regulation 2 homolog 1(SIRT1)to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.Methods Rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 cells with or without lentivirus-mediated mRNA interference of SIRT1 were cultured in high glucose(HG)and treated with resveratrol for 72 h.The changes in superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,reactive oxygen species(ROS)level,and relative surface of the cells were examined,and the mRNA expressions of atrial natriuretic factor(ANF)and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)and protein expressions of SIRT1,mitochondrial fusion related proteins optic atrophy protein 1(OPA1)and mitofusin 2,mitochondrial division related proteins dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1)and fission protein 1(FIS1),and mitophagy-related proteins BNIP3L and LC3 were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Results HG exposure significantly decreased SOD activity,increased MDA content,ROS production,relative cell surface,and the mRNA expressions of ANF and BNP in the cardiomyocytes;the protein expressions of SIRT1,OPA1,mitofusin 2 and BNIP3L and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio were all decreased and the protein expressions of DRP1 and FIS1 increased in HG-exposed cells(P<0.01).All these changes in HG-exposed cardiomyocytes were significantly alleviated by treatment with resveratrol(P<0.05).The protective effects of resveratrol against HG exposure in the cardiomyocytes were obviously attenuated by transfection of the cells with si-SIRT1(P<0.05).Conclusion Resveratrol inhibits hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by reducing oxidative stress,the mechanisms of which involve enhancement of SIRT1 protein expression,regulation of mitochondrial fusion and division balance,and promoting BNIP3L-mediated mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis in the cells.

Objective To investigate whether resveratrol alleviates hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by enhancing the expression of silent information regulation 2 homolog 1(SIRT1)to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.Methods Rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 cells with or without lentivirus-mediated mRNA interference of SIRT1 were cultured in high glucose(HG)and treated with resveratrol for 72 h.The changes in superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,reactive oxygen species(ROS)level,and relative surface of the cells were examined,and the mRNA expressions of atrial natriuretic factor(ANF)and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)and protein expressions of SIRT1,mitochondrial fusion related proteins optic atrophy protein 1(OPA1)and mitofusin 2,mitochondrial division related proteins dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1)and fission protein 1(FIS1),and mitophagy-related proteins BNIP3L and LC3 were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Results HG exposure significantly decreased SOD activity,increased MDA content,ROS production,relative cell surface,and the mRNA expressions of ANF and BNP in the cardiomyocytes;the protein expressions of SIRT1,OPA1,mitofusin 2 and BNIP3L and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio were all decreased and the protein expressions of DRP1 and FIS1 increased in HG-exposed cells(P<0.01).All these changes in HG-exposed cardiomyocytes were significantly alleviated by treatment with resveratrol(P<0.05).The protective effects of resveratrol against HG exposure in the cardiomyocytes were obviously attenuated by transfection of the cells with si-SIRT1(P<0.05).Conclusion Resveratrol inhibits hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by reducing oxidative stress,the mechanisms of which involve enhancement of SIRT1 protein expression,regulation of mitochondrial fusion and division balance,and promoting BNIP3L-mediated mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis in the cells.

Objective To explore clinical outcomes and bone resection of interlaminar fenestration decompression and u-nilateral biportal endoscopic(UBE)technique in treating lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Methods A retrospective study was performed on 105 patients with single-level LDH treated from December 2019 to December 2021.Fifty-four patients in UBE group,including 32 males and 22 females,aged from 18 to 50 years old with an average of(38.7±9.3)years old,were treated with UBE,29 patients withL4.5and 25 patients with L5S1.There were 51 patients in small fenestration group,including 27 males and 24 females,aged from 18 to 50 years old with an average of(39.9±10.0)years old,were treated with small fenestra-tion,25 patients with L4.5 and 26 patients with L5S1.Perioperative indexes,such as operation time,postoperative time of getting out of bed and hospital stay were observed and compared between two groups.Visual analogue scale(VAS)and Oswestry dis-ability index(ODI)were compared between two groups before operation and 1,3,6 and 12 months after operation,respective-ly;and modified MacNab evaluation criteria was used to evaluate clinical efficacy.Amount of bone resection and retention rate of inferior articular process laminoid complex were compared between two groups.Results All 105 patients were successfully completed operation.Both of two groups were followed up from 6 to 12 months with an average of(10.69±2.49)months.Oper-ation time,postoperative time of getting out of bed and hospital stay were(58.20±5.54)min,(2.40±0.57)dand(3.80±0.61)d in UBE group,and(62.90±7.14)min,(4.40±0.64)d and(4.40±0.64)d in small fenestrum group,respectively;and had sta-tistically difference between two groups(P＜0.05).Postoperative VAS of low back and leg pain and ODI in both groups were significantly lower than those before surgery(P＜0.05).VAS of lumbar pain in UBE group(1.37±0.49)score was lower than that of small fenestration group(2.45±0.64)score,and had statistically difference(t=9.745,P＜0.05).Postoperative ODI in UBE group at 1 and 3 months were(28.54±3.31)％and(22.87±3.23)％,respectively,which were lower than those in small fenestra group(36.31±9.08)％and(29.90±8.36)％,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).There were no significant difference in VAS and ODI between two groups at other time points(P＞0.05).According to the modified MacNab evaluation criteria at the latest follow-up,49 patients got excellent result,3 good,and 2 fair in UBE group.In small fenestration group,35 patients got excellent,12 good,and 4 fair.In UBE group,amount of bone resection on L4,5 segment was(0.45±0.08)cm3 and(0.31±0.08)cm3 on the segment of L5S1.In small fenestration group,amount of bone resection on L4.5 segment was(0.57±0.07)cm3 and(0.49±0.04)cm3 on the segment of L5S1,and amount of bone resection of lower articular process laminar complex on the same segment in UBE group was less than that in small fenestration group(P＜0.05).In UBE group,retention rate of laminoid complex on L4,5 segment was(0.73±0.04)and L5S1 segment was(0.83±0.03),whileL4,5segment was(0.68± 0.06)and L5S1 segment was(0.74±0.04)in small fenestration group,the lower articular process laminar complex retention rate in UBE group was higher than that in small fenestration group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Both unilateral double-channel endoscopy and small fenestration of laminae could achieve good clinical results in treating LDH,but UBE has advantages of less trauma,higher eficiency,faster postoperative recovery and less damage to bone structure.