ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Scutellariae Radix combined with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors （EGFR-TKIs） on cell proliferation， apoptosis， cancer stem cell （CSC） marker expression， and metabolism in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） cells. MethodsThe anti-tumor effects of Scutellariae Radix and EGFR-TKIs （gefitinib or osimertinib） in NSCLC cells were evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide （PI） double staining apoptosis assay. The activity of Scutellariae Radix and EGFR-TKIs in three-dimensional （3D） cultures of NSCLC cells was assessed using the CellTiter-Glo® 3D cell viability assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of CSC markers， sex determining region y box protein 2 （SOX2） and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 （ALDH1A1）， were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. Changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels were detected by ROS staining， and the redox ratio was detected by femtosecond laser labeling free imaging （FLI）. ResultsUnder both two-dimensional （2D） and 3D culture conditions， compared with the blank group and EGFR-TKI group， the combination group showed significantly reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis rate （P<0.05）. Compared with the EGFR-TKI group， the mRNA and protein levels of CSC markers were significantly downregulated in the combination group （P<0.05）. Additionally， the redox ratio was significantly elevated （P<0.05）， and ROS levels were also increased in the combination group compared with the EGFR-TKI group. ConclusionIn NSCLC cells， Scutellariae Radix enhances the redox ratio and increases ROS levels， thereby inhibiting the expression of CSC markers and strengthening the anti-tumor effects of EGFR-TKIs. This provides a novel molecular mechanism by which Scutellariae Radix may enhance the sensitivity of targeted therapies.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as a treasure of the Chinese nation, plays a significant role in maintaining public health. In 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council proposed for the first time the establishment of a TCM registration and evaluation evidence system that integrates TCM theory, "personal experience" and clinical trials (referred to as the "Three-in-One" System) to promote the inheritance and innovation of TCM. Subsequently, the National Medical Products Administration issued several guiding principles to advance the improvement and implementation of this system. Owing to the complexity of its implementation, there are still differing understandings within the TCM industry regarding the positioning of the "Three-in-One" Registration and Evaluation Evidence System, as well as the connotation and value orientation of the "personal experience." To address this, Academician WANG Qi, President of the TCM Association, China International Exchange and Promotion Association for Medical and Healthcare and TCM master, led a group of academicians, TCM masters, TCM pharmacology experts and clinical TCM experts to convene a "Seminar on Promoting the Implementation of the ′Three-in-One′ Registration and Evaluation Evidence System for Chinese Medicinals." Through extensive discussions, an expert consensus was formed, clarifying the different roles of the TCM theory, "personal experience" and clinical trials within the system. It was further emphasized that the "personal experience" is the core of this system, and its data should be derived from clinical practice scenarios. In the future, the improvement of this system will require collaborative efforts across multiple fields to promote the high-quality development of the Chinese medicinal industry.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors for early tumor recurrence and the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) patients after curative-intent resection.Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 506 patients with GBC in 11 medical centers, including The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University et al, from January 2016 to December 2020 were collected. There were 168 males and 338 females, aged (62±11)years. All patients underwent curative-intent resection of GBC, and they were divided into patients with and without early recurrence based on time to postoperative recurrence. Observation indicators: (1) treatment; (2) follow-up and survival of patients; (3) analysis of influencing factors for early tumor recurrence after curative-intent resection of GBC; (4) efficacy of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Comparison of ordinal data was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Univariate analysis was conducted using the corresponding statistical methods based on data type. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Logistic regression model with forward method. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curve and calculate survival rate, and Log-Rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Treatment. Of 506 patients, there were 112 cases with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, and 394 cases without postopera-tive adjuvant chemotherapy. They underwent 5(range, 3-9)cycles of postoperative adjuvant chemo-therapy. (2) Follow-up and survival of patients. All 506 patients underwent postoperative follow-up, with the follow-up time of 55(range, 34-93)months. During the follow-up, there were 248 patients with tumor recurrence, including 158 cases of early recurrence and 90 cases of late recurrence, and there were 258 patients without tumor recurrence. Of 506 patients, 275 cases survived, and 231 cases died of multiple organ failure caused by tumor recurrence and metastasis. The postoperative recurr-ence-free survival time, overall survival time were 52(range,1-93)months, 62(range, 2-93)months. The 1-, 3-, 5-year disease-free survival rates and 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rates of the 506 pati-ents were 68.8%, 53.8%, 47.9% and 78.3%, 58.7%, 51.6%, respectively. Results of survival analysis showed that the median overall survival time of 158 patients with postoperative early recurrence and 348 patients without postoperative early recurrence (including 90 cases of late recurrence and 258 cases of no tumor recurrence) were 9(range, 2-73)months and unreached, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=456.15, P<0.05). (3) Analysis of influencing factors for early tumor recurrence after curative-intent resection of GBC. Results of multivariate analysis showed that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) >5.0 μg/L, poorly differentiated tumor, liver invasion, and tumor N staging as stage N1-N2 were independent risk factors influencing early tumor recurrence after cura-tive-intent resection of GBC ( odds ratio=2.74, 6.20, 1.81, 2.93, 4.82, 95% confidence interval as 1.62-4.64, 1.82-21.12, 1.15-3.08, 1.68-5.09, 1.91-12.18, P<0.05), while postoperative adjuvant chemo-therapy was an independent protect factor ( odds ratio=0.39, 95% confidence interval as 0.21-0.71, P<0.05). (4) Efficacy of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The median overall survival time of 394 patients without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and 112 patients with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were 57(range, 2-93)months and unreached, showing a significant differ-ence between them ( χ2=9.38, P<0.05). Of the 158 patients with postoperative early recurrence after curative-intent resection of GBC, 135 cases didn't receive adjuvant chemotherapy and 23 cases received adjuvant chemotherapy, with the overall survival time of 8(range, 2-73)months and 17(range, 8-61)months, respectively, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=7.68, P<0.05). Conclusions:CEA >5.0 μg/L, poorly differentiated tumor, liver invasion, and tumor N staging as stage N1-N2 are independent risk factors influencing early tumor recurrence after curative-intent resection of GBC, while postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is an independent protect factor. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy can prolong the overall survival time of patients with post-operative tumor early recurrence.

Objective To screen items of the Clinical Aided Decision Scheme for Stroke Simultaneous Treatment of Disease,Pulse and Syndrome;To provide reference for the formulation and improvement of the scheme.Methods The Delphi method was used to distribute two rounds of questionnaires to 60 experts in cerebropathy or neurology across the country.Statistical analysis was performed on the questionnaire results of the scheme's items,including the disease names,etiology and pathogenesis,syndrome characteristics,rules and regulations,representative prescriptions,acupuncture and other therapies,and preventive care.Results Totally 42 and 50 valid questionnaires were collected.The experts reached the consensus for the importance of etiology and pathogenesis,rules and regulations,acupuncture and other therapies,and preventive care.In the section on syndrome characteristics,items with low relevance or causing ambiguity were removed.Items that were no longer used in modern times and different prescriptions with the same name were removed from the representative prescriptions.The names of syndromes,rules and regulations were unified.Conclusion The experts generally reached the consensus for the importance of the Clinical Aided Decision Scheme for Stroke Simultaneous Treatment of Disease,Pulse and Syndrome.However,there are still some limitations that require further study and discussion.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and mechanism of Qinggan Sanjie Xiaoying Decoction in the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with syndrome of stagnation heat of liver meridian and stagnation of spleen deficiency and phlegm.Methods Totally 70 patients were divided into control group and medicine group according to their wishes,with 35 patients in each group.Both groups were restricted to an iodine diet.The medicine group was given Qinggan Sanjie Xiaoying Granules,1 sachet at a time,twice a day,orally.The treatment for both groups lasted for 4 weeks.20 healthy people were chosen as the healthy group.The clinical efficacy of both groups was observed.TCM symptom score,thyroid antibody titer levels(TPOAb,TGAb),changes in thyroid volume and isthmus of both groups before and after treatment were compared.Levels of serum IKKα,IKBα and TNF-α of the three groups were compared.Adverse reactions of patients daring the treatment period were monitored.Results The total effective rate of the medicine group was 85.71%(30/35),while the control group was 20.00%(7/35).The medicine group was superior to the control group(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,the medication group showed significant improvement in TCM symptom scores,TPOAb and TGAb titer levels,thyroid volume,and thyroid isthmus thickness after treatment(P<0.05).After treatment,TCM symptom score,thyroid volume in the medicine group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the decrease rate of TPOAb titer was higher than that in the group(P<0.05).The levels of IKKα and TNF-α before treatment of medicine group and control group were higher than that in the healthy control group,and the level of IKBα was lower than that of the healthy control group(P<0.05);compared with before treatment,the levels of IKKα and TNF-α in the medicine group decreased,and the level of IKBα increased(P<0.05);after treatment,the levels of IKKα and TNF-α in the medicine group were lower than that in the control group,and IKBα was higher than the control group(P<0.05).No adverse events were observed during the treatment period in both groups of patients.Conclusion Qinggan Sanjie Xiaoying Decoction can reduce the antibody titer level,thyroid enlargement,isthmus thickness,and TCM syndrome score in the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.It is safe and effective in clinical practice.Qinggan Sanjie Xiaoying Decoction may play a therapeutic role by interfering with NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To determine the relationship between tibial plateau stresses and malunion by exploring the changes in mechanical conduction in the knee joint after malunion of Hoffa fracture of the tibial plateau.Methods:This study selected 28 knee joint specimens treated with formalin for preservation, half of which were from male and half from female individuals with an age of (51.4±9.5) years. Their structures were intact, and flexion-extension activities normal. X-ray examinations excluded osteoporosis, tuberculosis, and diseases that could have potentially affected bone quality. The knee specimens were divided into a control group (intact tibia) ( n=4) and 6 groups of tibial plateau Hoffa fracture malunion model: 3 vertical malunion groups (groups V1, V2, and V3, with a vertical displacement of 1, 2, and 3 mm, respectively, n=4) and 3 separation malunion groups (groups S3, S5, and S7, with a separation displacement of 3, 5, and 7 mm, respectively), with half males and half females in each group. After a 600N vertical load was applied at passive knee flexions at 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120°, the stress levels in the medial and lateral compartments of the knee joint were measured using pressure-sensitive films. Results:Under a vertical load of 600 N, when the knee joint was in a neutral position (flexion of 0°), the differences in the medial and lateral tibial plateau stress values were not statistically significant between the malunion models groups and the control group ( P>0.05). When the knee flexion increased to 30°, the medial tibial plateau stress in the V3 and S7 groups was significantly greater than that in the control group ( P<0.05). At a knee flexion of 60°, the medial plateau stress was significantly greater in the V3, S5 and S7 groups than that in the control group, and the differences were significantly greater than the comparisons at a knee flexion of 30° (all P<0.05). When the knee flexion was 90°, the medial plateau stress in the V2, V3, S5 and S7 groups was significantly greater than that in the control group ( P<0.05), but the lateral tibial plateau stress in the V3 group was significantly smaller than that in the control group ( P<0.05). When the knee flexion was further increased to 120°, the differences in the medial and lateral plateau stress values were statistically significant between all the malunion groups and the control group ( P<0.05), and the differences significantly greater than the comparisons at a knee flexion of 90° (all P<0.05). Under a vertical load of 600 N, the differences in the stresses on the medial and lateral plateaus were not statistically significant between the control group and all the malunion groups at a knee flexion of 0° ( P>0.05). When the knee flexion increased to 30°, the difference between the medial and lateral stresses was not statistically significant in the control group ( P>0.05), but was statistically significant in the V3 and S7 groups ( P<0.05). When the knee flexion reached 60°, 90°, and 120°, the differences between the medial and lateral tibial plateau stresses in all the groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The peak knee stresses after malunion of Hoffa fracture of the tibial plateau correlate with the severity of malunion and knee flexion angles. The mechanical properties are not significantly different between a mild malunion knee and a normal knee, but a significant displacement (vertical displacement >2 mm and separation displacement ≥5 mm) may increase the peak knee stresses to increase the risk of knee osteoarthritis. When the severity of malunion is certain, an increase in knee flexion angle increases the difference in the peak stress between the medial and lateral tibial plateaus, thus increasing the risk of knee osteoarthritis.

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2022.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of national bloodstream infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）were collected during January 2022 to December 2022. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，9 035 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 51 hospitals，of which 7 895（87.4%）were Enterobacteriaceae and 1 140（12.6%）were non-fermenting bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（ n=4 510，49.9%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（ n=2 340，25.9%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（ n=534，5.9%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（ n=405，4.5%）and Enterobacter cloacae（ n=327，3.6%）. The ESBLs-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus spp. were 47.1%（2 095/4 452），21.0%（427/2 033）and 41.1%（58/141），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（58/4 510）and 13.1%（307/2 340）；62.1%（36/58）and 9.8%（30/307）of CREC and CRKP were resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 59.5%（241/405），while less than 5% of Acinetobacter baumannii complex was resistant to tigecycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 18.4%（98/534）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of main Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CRKP and CRPA（ χ2=20.489 and 20.252， P<0.001）. The prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA，CRAB，ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were higher in provinicial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=11.953，81.183，10.404，5.915，12.415 and 6.459， P<0.01 or <0.05），while the prevalence of CRPA was higher in economically developed regions（per capita GDP ≥ 92 059 Yuan）than that in economically less-developed regions（per capita GDP <92 059 Yuan）（ χ2=6.240， P=0.012）. Conclusions:The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections shows an increasing trend，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of CRKP decreases continuously with time. Decreasing trends are noted in ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Low prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli and high prevalence in CRAB complex have been observed. The composition ratio and antibacterial spectrum of bloodstream infections in different regions of China are slightly different，and the proportion of main drug resistant bacteria in provincial hospitals is higher than those in municipal hospitals.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Professor Ding Zhiguo's internal and external combined treatment of Hashimoto's disease, and to explore its mechanism.Methods:Prospective cohort study. A total of 85 patients of professor Ding Zhiguo from Sun Simmiao Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from August 2022 to March 2023 were selected and divided into control group (43 cases) and drug group (42 cases) by random number table method. Another 20 healthy volunteers were recruited for health control observation. The control group was given iodine restricted diet, the drug group was treated with Qinggan Sanjie Xiaoying Prescription combined with Liqi Sanjie Xiaoying Ointment, and the healthy control group was not treated with any intervention. Both drug group and control group were observed continuously for 4 weeks. TCM syndrome scores were performed before and after treatment. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were used to assess the degree of anxiety and depression, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality, and fatigue severity Scale (FSS) was used to assess the degree of fatigue. Lower limb lymphedema self-sensory symptoms assessment questionnaire was used to evaluate the symptoms of lower limb lymphedema. The serum levels of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) were measured by automatic electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and the reduction rate was calculated. The levels of serum Akt, ERK and protein kinase C (PKC) were detected by ELISA. The thyroid volume was calculated and the anterior and posterior diameter of the isthmus was recorded. The clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated.Results:The total effective rate was 71.43% (30/42) in the drug group and 27.91% (12/43) in the control group, with statistical significance ( χ2=16.10, P<0.01). The serum TPOAb [137.95 (141.44) IU/ml vs. 153.40 (154.93) IU/ml, Z=-4.37] and TGAb [182.00 (238.52) IU/ml vs. 190.50 (257.55) IU/ml, Z=-2.13] levels in the drug group were lower after treatment ( P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the decrease rate of TPOAb [15.62 (21.90)% vs. -6.42 (32.89)%, Z=-4.12] and TGAb [5.25 (20.49)% vs. -0.72 (17.67)%, Z=-2.67] were higher than that in the control group ( P<0.01). The thyroid volume [11.37 (6.48) cm 3vs. 12.89 (6.63) cm 3, Z=-2.95] and isthmus thickness [0.27 (0.14) cm vs. 0.28 (0.15) cm, Z=-2.18] in the drug group were reduced after treatment compared with that before treatment ( P<0.05). TCM syndrome scores (6.10±1.38 vs. 14.42±7.35, t=-7.29), HAMA (5.21±1.32 vs. 9.28±2.25, Z=-7.02), HAMD (8.28±3.17 vs. 10.42±5.28, t=-2.26), PSQI (6.00±2.16 vs. 9.47±3.08, t=-6.01), FSS (34.71±5.51 vs. 38.23±8.35, t=-2.30), lower limb lymphedema self-induced symptom evaluation questionnaire scores (4.95±2.56 vs. 7.86±3.07, t=-4.74) after treatment were lower than before treatment and lower than control group ( P<0.001 or P<0.05).The serum levels of Akt [52.28 (17.72) μmol/L vs. 44.38 (2.75) μmol/L],ERK [2 843.43 (607.90) ng/L vs. 2 648.25 (290.74) ng/L],PKC [8.87 (3.10) pmol/L vs. 7.88 (1.25) pmol/L] in drug group were higher than those in the healthy control group before treatment ( P<0.05), the levels of Akt [37.37 (7.90) μmol/L vs. 44.38 (2.75) μmol/L], ERK [2 432.74 (402.56) ng/L vs. 2 648.25 (290.74) ng/L] in drug group were lower than those in the healthy group after treatment ( P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of Akt [37.37 (7.90) μmol/L vs. 52.28 (17.72) μmol/L, 49.56 (9.12) μmol/L], ERK [2 432.74 (402.56) ng/L vs. 2 843.43 (607.90) ng/L, 3 021.76 (360.22) ng/L], PKC [7.37 (1.84) pmol/L vs. 8.87 (3.10) pmol/L, 10.00 (2.42) pmol/L] in drug group were lower than before treatment and lower than control group ( P<0.01). There were no adverse events during treatment in both groups. Conclusion:The internal and external treatment of Hashimoto's disease by Professor Ding Zhiguo can effectively reduce the level of thyroid antibody titer, reduce the thyroid swelling and isthmus thickness, improve the clinical symptoms of patients with Hashimoto's disease, and may play a therapeutic role by interfering with MAPK signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Trauma-induced coagulopathy(TIC)due to serious injuries significantly leads to increased mortality and morbidity among elderly patients.However,the risk factors of TIC are not well elucidated.This study aimed to explore the risk factors of TIC in elderly patients who have major trauma. METHODS:In this retrospective study,the risk factors for TIC in elderly trauma patients at a single trauma center were investigated between January 2015 and September 2020.The demographic information including gender,age,trauma parts,injury severity,use of blood products,use of vasopressors,need of emergency surgery,duration of mechanical ventilation,length of stay in the intensive care unit(ICU)and hospital,and clinical outcomes were extracted from electric medical records.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to differentiate risk factors,and the performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curves. RESULTS:Among the 371 elderly trauma patients,248(66.8%)were male,with the age of 72.5±6.8 years,median injury severity score(ISS)of 24(IQR:17-29),and Glasgow coma score(GCS)of 14(IQR:7-15).Of these patients,129(34.8%)were diagnosed with TIC,whereas 242(65.2%)were diagnosed with non-TIC.The severity scores such as ISS(25[20-34]vs.21[16-29],P<0.001)and shock index(SI),(0.90±0.66 vs.0.58±0.18,P<0.001)was significantly higher in the TIC group than in the non-TIC group.Serum calcium levels(1.97±0.19 mmol/L vs.2.15±0.16 mmol/L,P<0.001),fibrinogen levels(1.7±0.8 g/L vs.2.8±0.9 g/L,P<0.001),and base excess(BE,-4.9±4.6 mmol/L vs.-1.2±3.1 mmol/L,P<0.001)were significantly lower in the TIC group than in the non-TIC group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that ISS>16(OR:3.404,95%CI:1.471-7.880;P=0.004),SI>1(OR:5.641,95%CI:1.700-18.719;P=0.005),low BE(OR:0.868,95%CI:0.760-0.991;P=0.037),hypocalcemia(OR:0.060,95%CI:0.009-0.392;P=0.003),and hypofibrinogenemia(OR:0.266,95%CI:0.168-0.419;P<0.001)were independent risk factors for TIC in elderly trauma patients.The AUC of the prediction model included all these risk factors was 0.887(95%CI:0.851-0.923)with a sensitivity and specificity of 83.6%and 82.6%,respectively. CONCLUSION:Higher ISS(more than 16),higher SI(more than 1),acidosis,hypocalcemia,and hypofibrinogenemia emerged as independent risk factors for TIC in elderly trauma patients.

Sepsis is a multi-organ dysfunction syndrome caused by infection and immune dysfunction, with a high mortality rate. It affects multiple important organs such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, and brain. Establishing corresponding animal models of organ dysfunction syndrome is an essential step in clarifying its pathogenesis, researching potential effective drugs, and evaluating the effectiveness and safety of treatment plans. This article first summarizes classic modeling methods for sepsis related organ injury, including the destruction of intestinal barrier tissue integrity and the implantation of pathogens or toxic drugs. The former mainly includes cecal ligation and puncture, ascending colon stent implantation, and cecal ligation incision. The latter is divided into intraperitoneal injection, intravenous injection, and intratracheal administration based on the clinical infection route being simulated. Cecal ligation and puncture and lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneal injection are the most commonly used methods. Secondly, this article summarizes the common modeling methods and evaluation methods for animal models of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, acute lung injury, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, and brain dysfunction. It points out that almost all organ injuries use classic modeling methods, and different organ injury models have additional modifications according to their different pathogenesis. For example, in addition to the classic modeling methods, lipopolysaccharide instillation in the trachea is more effective in modeling acute lung injury as it better simulates lung barrier dysfunction. Cecal ligation and puncture followed by Pseudomonas instillation in the trachea in a secondary challenge model better represents sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Intraperitoneal injection of galactosamine is a mature modeling method of sepsis-induced acute liver injury. Intracerebral injection of lipopolysaccharide is a feasible model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. In addition to the different modeling methods, there are differences in the administration time, dosage and experimental time points according to the different experimental purposes. This article reviews the research progress of animal experimental models for sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, acute lung injury, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, and brain dysfunction, aiming to provide a reference for the selection of animal experimental models and optimization of experimental design.