Sleep deprivation (SD) has a profound impact on the central nervous system, resulting in an array of mood disorders, including depression and anxiety. Despite this, the dynamic alterations in neuronal activity during sleep deprivation have not been extensively investigated. While some researchers propose that sleep deprivation diminishes neuronal activity, thereby leading to depression. Others argue that short-term sleep deprivation enhances neuronal activity and dendritic spine density, potentially yielding antidepressant effects. In this study, a two-photon microscope was utilized to examine the calcium transients of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neurons in awake SD mice in vivo at 24-hour intervals. It was observed that SD reduced the frequency and amplitude of Ca2+ transients while increasing the proportions of inactive neurons. Following the cessation of sleep deprivation, neuronal calcium transients demonstrated a gradual recovery. Moreover, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed a significant decrease in the frequency of spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic current (sEPSC) after SD. The investigation also assessed several oxidative stress parameters, finding that sleep deprivation substantially elevated the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), while simultaneously decreasing the expression of Nuclear Factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and activities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the ACC. Importantly, the administration of gallic acid (GA) notably mitigated the decline of calcium transients in ACC neurons. GA was also shown to alleviate oxidative stress in the brain and improve cognitive impairment caused by sleep deprivation. These findings indicate that the calcium transients of ACC neurons experience a continuous decline during sleep deprivation, a process that is reversible. GA may serve as a potential candidate agent for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological and genotypic characteristics of imported cases of measles virus of D8 genotype in Hebei province.Methods:Epidemiological investigation of measles cases in surveillance was carried out. The throat swabs of the measles cases in acute phase were collected for real time RT-PCR identification, measles virus culture and genotype identification.Results:A total of 36 imported measles cases of genotype D8 were detected. The cases were mainly distributed in 8 counties of Handan city. Number of confirmed measles cases in Cheng'an county was the highest, accounting for 58.33% (21/36) of all the reported cases. All patients had fever and rash, and 55.55% (20/36) of the cases were under 2 years old and 86.11% (31/36) of the cases had no immunization history. The children with pneumonia accounted for 44.12% (15/34) of the total children with D8 genotype measles virus infection. The nucleotide and amino acid homologies between the imported measles virus genotype D8 and the WHO reference strain of D8 genotype (D8-Manchester.UNK/30.94) were 98.4%-98.6% and 97.3%, respectively. Compared with the strains of H1 genotype in China, the nucleotide and amino acid homologies were 92.8%-93.1% and 93.3%, respectively.Conclusions:The imported cases of measles virus of D8 genotype might have caused local transmission in Hebei province. Molecular epidemiological surveillance for measles virus needs to be further strengthened. It is necessary to detect and control the epidemic early and improve the coverage rate and timely rate of measles vaccination. It is also important to prevent cross infection in hospitals.

This study analyzed the effect of the Radix Bupleuri-Radix Paeoniae Alba herb pair on endogenous metabolites in rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression by using LC-MS liver metabolomics. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: a normal control group, a CUMS model group, a venlafaxine-positive group, and a high-low dose group for the Radix Bupleuri-Radix Paeoniae Alba herb pair, with continuous modeling and administration over 28 days. The efficacy of Radix Bupleuri-Radix Paeoniae Alba herb pair was evaluated by measuring traditional pharmacodynamic indicators of depression (body weight, open field test, sucrose preference test and forced swimming test). Animal experimentation was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of Shanxi University (SXULL2016036). Liver metabolic profiles were obtained by the UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap-MS metabolomics technique. The results show that the Radix Bupleuri-Radix Paeoniae Alba herb pair can significantly decrease depression-like behavior of rats in the CUMS model group. Increases in 25 depression-related metabolites were identified by LC-MS metabonomics, and the Radix Bupleuri-Radix Paeoniae Alba herb pair could significantly decrease 16 of them. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and glutathione metabolism were the main metabolic pathways altered by this herb pair in CUMS model rats.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the forensic pathological postmortem examination and clinical data of children who died of viral pneumonia in identification of cause of death cases and to discuss the clinical characteristics and pathological features of viral pneumonia in children, in order to provide reference to pathological diagnosis of viral pneumonia in children caused by 2019 novel coronavirus （2019-nCoV） infection. Methods Postmortem examination data from 61 cases of children whose causes of death were identified as viral pneumonia in recent years were collected from the Center of Forensic Identification, Southern Medical University. The gender, age, clinical symptoms and pathological features were comparatively analyzed. Results Among the 61 cases of children who died of viral pneumonia, most were within 2 years old （83.61%）, and a large proportion died within 2 weeks after the onset of the disease （91.80%）. Gross changes in postmortem examination included respiratory mucosal hyperemia, pleural effusion, pulmonary swelling, variegated pulmonary pleura and serosa, as well as focal pulmonary hemorrhage and pulmonary edema. A large proportion of sick children had enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes （83.61%） and thymic dysplasia （21.31%）. Histopathological changes included edema of alveoli and interstitial substance, pneumorrhagia，shedding of alveolar epithelial cells, serous and （or） fibrous exudation in the alveoli, formation of viral inclusions, formation of transparent membranes, infiltration of inflammatory cells that mainly consisted of macrophages and lymphocytes in interstitial substance and alveoli. Viral infections often affected the heart and gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion The clinical symptoms of children with viral pneumonia are difficult to notice, and because the immune systems of children are not fully developed and they have poor immunity, they can easily become severely ill and even die. Analyzing the forensic autopsies and the histopathological characteristics could provide reference for pathological diagnosis of viral pneumonia.
Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Lung ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2

The chemical constituents from Brassica rapa were identified by various chromatographic techniques including silica gel, reversed-phase silica gel, macroporous resin and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Eight compounds were isolated from this plant. The isolated compounds were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS techniques. Compounds 1, 2 are new triterpenoids and 3-7 were isolated for the first time from Brassica rapa. The cytotoxic effect of compounds 1 and 2 were tested by MTT assay against five cancer cell lines. The result showed that all compounds exhibit growth inhibition for the cancer lines. Compound 1 has an IC₅₀ value of 5.87 μmol·L^-1 for growth inhibition of leukemia cell line HL-60, and IC₅₀ value for compound 2 was 10.32 μmol·L^-1.

Objective To compare the image quality of sinus coronal CT scan before and after the involvement of quality control circle (QCC) to explore QCC's effect.Methods A QCC team was founded in April 2014,in which 10 key steps of QCC activities were executed,and the related data from April to November 2014 were analyzed to determine the effect of QCC on coronary sinus CT examination.Results The rate of excellent film was increased from 69.5％ to 96.3％ after the involvement of QCC,and the desired requirement was met.Conclusion QCC contributes to improving coronary sinus CT examination and enhancing the ability of the members,and thus is worthy promoting clinically.

Objective To explore coronary CT three-dimensional post-processing standardized display and the construction of digital teaching platform. Methods The conventional display positions of 3D post-processing image were summarized during daily coronary CTA examination, the common place was refined. The construction mode was explored for CTA digital teaching demonstration platform. Results Coronary CTA 3D post-processing standardized display with common and individual property contributed to enhancing the display of coronary images. The CTA digital teaching demonstration platform met the teaching requirements. Conclusion The coronary CT 3D post-processing standardized display and digital teaching platform facilitate the student to master related knowledge.

Objective To explore the effects of heart rate changes after holding breath and time for recovering stable heart rate on the quality of coronary CTA.Methods Totally 700 patients undergoing coronary CTA examination in some hospital were enrolled into the study,whose data on initial heart rate at rest condition,maximal heart rate during breath holding,stable heart rate after breath holding as well as the time consumed for recovering stable heart rate were collected and analyzed.Results A heart rate trendgram was drawn to find out the rules for heart rate changes and time for recovering stable heart rate,so that proper retrospective or prospective scanning scheme could be determined.Conclusion Mastering the rules in heart rate changes and time for recovering stable heart rate contributes to guiding coronary CTA.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3βinhibitor CHIR99021 induces human embryonic stem cells to differentiate into definitive endoderm cells. Methods Human embryonic stem cells H1 cells were cultured in feeder-free medium (Essential 8). The expression of human embryonic stem cell pluripotency markers Oct4, Nanog were detected by immunolfuorescence. Human embryonic stem cells were treated with CHIR99021 of different concentrations (0.33, 1.00, 3.00, 9.00, 27.00μmol/L) and cultured for 3 d respectively. The untreated cells were taken as control. The expression levels of pluripotency related genes OCT4, SOX2 and deifnitive endoderm related genes GATA4, SOX17 were detected by lfuorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The experimental data were compared using one-way analysis of variance and LSD-t test. Results The expression of human embryonic stem cell pluripotency markers Oct4, Nanog could be detected by immunofluorescence. The human embryonic stem cells were observed in good growth when treated with CHIR99021 of different concentrations (0.33, 1.00, 3.00μmol/L) . The human embryonic stem cells were observed in poor growth or dead when treated with the higher concentrations of CHIR99021. The expression of pluripotency related gene OCT4 decreased after treated with CHIR99021 of 1.00, 3.00μmol/L concentration (LSD-t=-40.54,-59.12;P<0.05). The expression of SOX2 also decreased significantly (LSD-t=-20.46,-3.87;P<0.05). The expression of definitive endoderm related genes GATA4 increased after treated with CHIR99021 of 1.00, 3.00μmol/L concentration (LSD-t=137.21, 65.29;P<0.05). The expression of SOX17 also increased significantly (LSD-t=50.93, 6.56;P<0.05). Conclusions Human embryonic stem cells can maintain a good pluripotent state in the feeder-free culturing system. CHIR99021 can effectively induce the human embryonic stem cells to differentiate into deifnitive endoderm cells.

OBJECTIVETo study the expressions of differential proteins in the expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) of patients with III A chronic prostatitis and healthy men.

METHODSWe collected EPS samples from 35 patients with III A chronic prostatitis and 18 age-matched healthy men, and detected the differentially expressed proteins in EPS by MALDI-TOF/MS. Based on the data obtained, we conducted a statistical analysis on the mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios of different proteins and a retrieval analysis on the relevant proteins using the protein database.

RESULTSIn the comparative studies of the III A chronic prostatitis patients and healthy men, 5 proteins were detected as at least 2-fold differentially expressed, which were probably brevinin-2Eg, big endothelin-1, alpha-defensin 15, beta-defensin 134 and prostatic steroid-binding protein C2. The m/z ratios were significantly up-regulated in 3 372, 3 487, 425 and 5 325 Da proteins (P < 0.01) and down-regulated in 10631Da (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONProteins are differentially expressed in the EPS of III A chronic prostatitis patients and healthy men, and these proteins may be significantly correlated with the development and progression of III A chronic prostatitis.

Adult ; Body Fluids ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Disease ; Defensins ; metabolism ; Endothelin-1 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; secretion ; Prostatitis ; classification ; metabolism ; Young Adult