Objective:To investigate the feasibility and availability of one-stage treatment for congenital lacrimal fistula combined with blepharoplasty and epicanthoplasty.Methods:From November 2014 to March 2021, 6 female patients with congenital lacrimal fistula and epicanthus were treated in the 2nd Department of Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, aged 12-32 years (mean 24 years), including 5 unilateral lacrimal fistula and 1 bilateral.Results:During 3 to 40 months (mean 18 months) of follow-up, the ocular appearances were improved notably and the fistulas were removed completely. There was no secondary infection or cyst occurred, and no ectropion, traction or other deformities. The position of canthus was normal and the shape of canthus was good. The scars in the operation area were inconspicuous.Conclusions:Fistulectomy combined with blepharoplasty and epicanthoplasty can excise congenital lacrimal fistula effectively while improving the ocular appearance by this procedure.

The active metabolite of vitamin D (1, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, 1, 25(OH) 2 D3) is closely related to adipose tissue and is involved in the regulation of many functions of adipose tissue in physiological and pathological processes. In order to further explore the scientific nature of the application of 1, 25(OH) 2 D3 in promoting autologous fat grafting, the authors reviewed the relationship between 1, 25(OH) 2 D3 and adipose tissue, especially on the regulation of 1, 25(OH) 2 D3 on adipogenesis, cell apoptosis and inflammatory response, which expanded new ideas for clinical application practice.

Abnormal healing after skin injury may lead to pathological scar. The emergence of pathological scar not only affects the cosmetic appearance, but also causes psychological and physiological dysfunction in severe cases. The study on the mechanism of pathological scar is of great significance for the treatment of scar. Among them, animal scar model is one of the important method to study pathological scar at present. The ideal animal model of scar should be as close as possible to human pathological scar in histology, cytology and other aspects. This article systematically expounds the rodent model, rabbit ear model and porcine model of traditional scar animals, and the new technology animal scar model, combined with the recent research which has been widely used in the field of scar.

Surgical navigation technology has been around for nearly 30 years, but there has been few applications in craniomaxillofacial surgery. This article reviewed the relevant literatures to assess the current status of navigation in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Through the method and error analysis of the application of different zones, diseases and techniques, it can be seen that this technology significantly improves the result of orbital and mandibular reconstruction. Although image navigation is used in many aspects of craniomaxillofacial surgery, there is still a lack of more research data and literature to form a recommended procedure specification and a qualified error standard. Therefore, prior to recommend the universal application of this technology, a lot of future researches are needed to address this issues.

The active metabolite of vitamin D (1, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, 1, 25(OH) 2 D3) is closely related to adipose tissue and is involved in the regulation of many functions of adipose tissue in physiological and pathological processes. In order to further explore the scientific nature of the application of 1, 25(OH) 2 D3 in promoting autologous fat grafting, the authors reviewed the relationship between 1, 25(OH) 2 D3 and adipose tissue, especially on the regulation of 1, 25(OH) 2 D3 on adipogenesis, cell apoptosis and inflammatory response, which expanded new ideas for clinical application practice.

Abnormal healing after skin injury may lead to pathological scar. The emergence of pathological scar not only affects the cosmetic appearance, but also causes psychological and physiological dysfunction in severe cases. The study on the mechanism of pathological scar is of great significance for the treatment of scar. Among them, animal scar model is one of the important method to study pathological scar at present. The ideal animal model of scar should be as close as possible to human pathological scar in histology, cytology and other aspects. This article systematically expounds the rodent model, rabbit ear model and porcine model of traditional scar animals, and the new technology animal scar model, combined with the recent research which has been widely used in the field of scar.

Surgical navigation technology has been around for nearly 30 years, but there has been few applications in craniomaxillofacial surgery. This article reviewed the relevant literatures to assess the current status of navigation in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Through the method and error analysis of the application of different zones, diseases and techniques, it can be seen that this technology significantly improves the result of orbital and mandibular reconstruction. Although image navigation is used in many aspects of craniomaxillofacial surgery, there is still a lack of more research data and literature to form a recommended procedure specification and a qualified error standard. Therefore, prior to recommend the universal application of this technology, a lot of future researches are needed to address this issues.

The regeneration of peripheral nerve injury is an important part of clinical and scientific research. The revascularization inside and outside the nerve is a continuous process involving a variety of cells and factors. The revascularization of nerve graft provides the necessary nutrient and material exchange channels for the reconstruction and functional recovery of nerve structure. The study of the process and key time of nerve vascular regeneration is helpful to guide the surgical scheme and postoperative management of nerve repair, and to provide necessary theoretical support for tissue engineering nerve transplantation in the future. In this paper, the process of vascular regeneration after peripheral nerve injury and the commonly used detection method are reviewed.

The regeneration of peripheral nerve injury is an important part of clinical and scientific research. The revascularization inside and outside the nerve is a continuous process involving a variety of cells and factors. The revascularization of nerve graft provides the necessary nutrient and material exchange channels for the reconstruction and functional recovery of nerve structure. The study of the process and key time of nerve vascular regeneration is helpful to guide the surgical scheme and postoperative management of nerve repair, and to provide necessary theoretical support for tissue engineering nerve transplantation in the future. In this paper, the process of vascular regeneration after peripheral nerve injury and the commonly used detection method are reviewed.

Birth defects is one of the most important problems of human society. External birth defect is one of the major research fields of plastic surgery. This kind of disorders damages the body image of patients in mild or severe way, affects severely the social confidence of the patients themselves and their families. we summarized the research progress of the common external birth defects (the incidence top 10) from the aspects of pathogenesis, prevention, treatments and so on, in order to provide reference materials to the prevention and treatment of them.