ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of phases on the pharmacokinetic behavior of seven components from Banxia Xiexintang（BXT） in normal rats by investigating and comparing their pharmacokinetic profiles in different phase samples. MethodsThe phase separation of BXT was carried out by centrifugation-dialysis method， and three phase samples were obtained， including the precipitated phase（PP）， colloidal phase（CP） and true solution phase（TP）. A total of 24 male SD rats were randomly divided into BXT， PP， CP and TP groups（n=6）. The BXT group was gavaged at a dose of 24.1 g·kg^-1（calculated by the dosage of raw materials）. After proper treatments， PP， CP and TP groups were administrated at the same dose as that of BXT group， respectively. Blood was collected from each group at set time points after gavage of BXT and the phase samples. The contents of 7 components（baicalin， wogonoside， wogonin， berberine， palmatine， ammonium glycyrrhizinate and isoliquiritin） in rat plasma were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS）， and the pharmacokinetic parameters of each component were analyzed by DAS 2.0. ResultsThe peak concentration of baicalin was the highest among the blood-entered components in each group， followed by wogonoside. The results of the concentration-time curves and pharmacokinetic parameters of the 7 components showed that the area under the concentration-time curve（AUC） of isoliquiritin in the BXT group was the highest， followed by that in the CP group. AUC values of baicalin， wogonoside， wogonin and ammonium glycyrrhizinate in the BXT group were similar to those of the CP group， and AUC of palmatine in the BXT group was similar to that of the PP group. The elimination half-life（t_1/2） values of baicalin and wogonoside in the BXT group was the longest， the t_1/2 values of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and berberine were similar to those of the CP group， and the t_1/2 of palmatine was similar to that of the PP group. The t_1/2 of wogonin was the longest in the PP group， and the t_1/2 of isoliquiritin was the longest in the TP group was the longest， which was similar to that in the PP group. Except for isoliquiritin， the other 6 components showed double peaks in the concentration-time curve of the PP group， indicating that the above components might be reabsorbed through the enterohepatic circulation in vivo， which resulted in the maintenance of high plasma concentrations for a long time， and consequently exhibited sustained-release properties. ConclusionThe pharmacokinetic characteristics of the components in different phases were different， and the CP phase may be the effective phase from the perspective of the pharmacological action of BXT. Compared with the BXT group， the in vivo action times of some components in the CP and PP groups were prolonged. The study explores the phase differences of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） compound decoction in the aspect of pharmacokinetics， and verifies that the phase states from TCM compound decoction will affect the pharmacokinetic behaviors of the active components， which may consequently lead to the difference in in vivo effects.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of phases on the pharmacokinetic behavior of seven components from Banxia Xiexintang（BXT） in normal rats by investigating and comparing their pharmacokinetic profiles in different phase samples. MethodsThe phase separation of BXT was carried out by centrifugation-dialysis method， and three phase samples were obtained， including the precipitated phase（PP）， colloidal phase（CP） and true solution phase（TP）. A total of 24 male SD rats were randomly divided into BXT， PP， CP and TP groups（n=6）. The BXT group was gavaged at a dose of 24.1 g·kg^-1（calculated by the dosage of raw materials）. After proper treatments， PP， CP and TP groups were administrated at the same dose as that of BXT group， respectively. Blood was collected from each group at set time points after gavage of BXT and the phase samples. The contents of 7 components（baicalin， wogonoside， wogonin， berberine， palmatine， ammonium glycyrrhizinate and isoliquiritin） in rat plasma were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS）， and the pharmacokinetic parameters of each component were analyzed by DAS 2.0. ResultsThe peak concentration of baicalin was the highest among the blood-entered components in each group， followed by wogonoside. The results of the concentration-time curves and pharmacokinetic parameters of the 7 components showed that the area under the concentration-time curve（AUC） of isoliquiritin in the BXT group was the highest， followed by that in the CP group. AUC values of baicalin， wogonoside， wogonin and ammonium glycyrrhizinate in the BXT group were similar to those of the CP group， and AUC of palmatine in the BXT group was similar to that of the PP group. The elimination half-life（t_1/2） values of baicalin and wogonoside in the BXT group was the longest， the t_1/2 values of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and berberine were similar to those of the CP group， and the t_1/2 of palmatine was similar to that of the PP group. The t_1/2 of wogonin was the longest in the PP group， and the t_1/2 of isoliquiritin was the longest in the TP group was the longest， which was similar to that in the PP group. Except for isoliquiritin， the other 6 components showed double peaks in the concentration-time curve of the PP group， indicating that the above components might be reabsorbed through the enterohepatic circulation in vivo， which resulted in the maintenance of high plasma concentrations for a long time， and consequently exhibited sustained-release properties. ConclusionThe pharmacokinetic characteristics of the components in different phases were different， and the CP phase may be the effective phase from the perspective of the pharmacological action of BXT. Compared with the BXT group， the in vivo action times of some components in the CP and PP groups were prolonged. The study explores the phase differences of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） compound decoction in the aspect of pharmacokinetics， and verifies that the phase states from TCM compound decoction will affect the pharmacokinetic behaviors of the active components， which may consequently lead to the difference in in vivo effects.

Podophyllotoxin is an aryl naphthalene lignan-like secondary metabolite, which is widely existed in plants of the Podophyllum. It exhibits a broad spectrum of antitumor activity and holds significant clinical value as a medicinal natural product of plant origin. This review discusses podophyllotoxin from three aspects: plant distribution, biosynthesis and pharmacological effects. Distribution of podophyllotoxin in nature: Podophyllotoxin and its analogues are mainly found in 12 genera of three families, which are Berberidaceae, Linaceae and Cupressaceae, respectively. They are mostly distributed in East Asia and North America, especially in China, which is not only the diversity center of the Podophyllum, but also the distribution center. Among all these plants, the genera Dysosma and Sinopodophyllum are the focus of the relevant research. Biosynthesis of podophyllotoxin: In order to take the alleviation of the pressure of podophyllotoxin that is in short supply of natural resources, and to protect its existing resources, the biosynthesis of podophyllotoxin, especially synthetic biology, has gradually become a new direction of current research. Compared with chemical synthesis which has the shortcoming of low synthesis efficiency, high production cost and cumbersome steps, biosynthesis has a variety of advantages. It’s not limited by resources, easy to cultivate on a large scale and has fast production speed, low production cost and simple genetic manipulation, so there is a broader prospect for the exact purpose of biosynthetic development. The biosynthesis of podophyllotoxin is divided into four steps in general, including the synthesis of coniferyl alcohol, the synthesis of matairesinol, the synthesis of deoxypodophyllotoxin and the synthesis of podophyllotoxin. It requires various enzymes catalyzed during the synthesis process, such as pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase(PLR), secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase(SDH) and others. At present, by means of synthetic biology, heterologous production of natural drugs in microbial cell factories, the synthesis of the intermediate coniferyl alcohol has been achieved in Escherichia coli with an increased yield of (124.9±5.1)mg·L−1, and the concentration of (-)-pluviatolide was elevated to 137 mg·L−1. In addition, p-coumaric acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was obtained to 71.71 mg·L−1, and in a tobacco plant production chassis, highly purified (-)-deoxypodophyllotoxin was increased to 0.71 mg·g−1 (dry weight) after chromatographic separation. Overall, the utilization of biosynthesis can significantly increase the yield of podophyllotoxin and improve the research and production efficiency of anti-tumor drugs greatly, which brings a more effective strategy for the treatment of related diseases. The pharmacological activity of podophyllotoxin: Podophyllotoxin and its analogues have strong cytotoxicity and they exert good inhibitory effects on the proliferation of multifarious tumor cells, viruses and bacteria. So they are widely applied to the clinical treatment of various types of tumors, such as colorectal cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, hemangioma, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, etc. The molecular mechanism of its cancer treatment is mainly in the G1, G2/M to block the cell cycle to make drugs work. Meanwhile, podophyllotoxin has relatively significant toxic side effects and drawbacks that can’t be ignored as a drug with superior therapeutic effect on specific diseases, which tends to increase the risk of bone marrow suppression, chromosomal aberrations and so forth. In conclusion, this literature sums up the distribution of podophyll plants in China, making review of the biosynthetic steps, applications, and biological research of podophyllotoxin, and outlines the pharmacological activity of podophyllotoxin. It aims to set the foundation for the reasonable application of podophyllotoxin resources, the efficient synthesis of podophyllotoxin, and the development of Podophyllum drugs which are highly effective and low toxic. At the same time, this paper gives full play to the clinical medicinal value of podophyllotoxin, which has important influence and far-reaching significance in the treatment of malignant diseases, and promotes the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective:To investigate the mid-and long-term clinical efficacy of modified Colonna arthroplasty in the treatment of unilateral dislocation type developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) in adolescents.Methods:A total of 28 adolescent DDH patients with unilateral dislocation who underwent modified Colonna capsular arthroplasty from January 2016 to January 2018 in the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army were retrospectively analyzed. There were 4 males and 24 females, aged 16.5±5.0 years (range, 10-25 years). The mean body mass index was 21.2±1.1 kg/m 2 (range, 18.7-24.1 kg/m 2). According to DDH classification, 10 cases were Tonnis type III and 18 cases were Tonnis type IV. The postoperative lateral center-edge angle, acetabular coverage, femoral anteversion angle and leg length discrepancy were measured. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, visual analogue scale (VAS) of hip pain, Harris hip score (HHS) and congenital dislocation of the hip score were recorded. Results:All patients successfully completed the operation and were followed up for 72.1±5.2 months (range, 60-84 months). The operation time was 81.6±4.3 min (range, 70-90 min), the intraoperative blood loss was 177.5±12.6 ml (range, 160-200 ml), and the hospital stay was 6.8±0.7 days (range, 6-9 days). The VAS score of the hip joint was 1.8±0.6 before operation and 2.3±0.6 at the last follow-up, and the difference was not statistically significant ( t=2.845, P=0.224). The preoperative HHS score was 57.1±5.9, and it increased to 87.3±4.0 at the last follow-up, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-22.141, P=0.001). At the last follow-up, the femoral anteversion angle was 17.0°±1.5°, which was lower than that before operation 41.6°±2.4°, with a statistically significant difference ( t=-44.868, P=0.008). The leg length discrepancy was 10.2±2.3 mm, which was lower than that before operation (26.4±6.1 mm), with a statistically significant difference ( t=-12.892, P<0.001). The lateral center-edge angle was 28° (26°, 30°), and the acetabular coverage rate was 78% (76%, 79%). The curative effect evaluation standard score of congenital dislocation of the hip was 24 (16.7, 25.7) points, including 7 excellent cases, 14 good cases, 4 fair cases, and 3 poor cases. The excellent and good rate was 75% (21/28). Conclusion:The modified Colonna arthroplasty for the treatment of unilateral dislocation DDH in adolescents has good mid-and long-term hip function recovery and radiographic improvement.

The adulteration and counterfeiting of herbal ingredients in medicinal and food homology (MFH) have a serious impact on the quality of herbal materials, thereby endangering human health. Compared to pharmaceutical drugs, health products derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are more easily accessible and closely integrated into consumers' daily life. However, the authentication of the authenticity of TCM ingredients in MFH has not received sufficient attention. The lack of clear standards emphasizes the necessity of conducting systematic research in this area. This study utilized DNA barcoding technology, combining ITS2, psbA-trnH, matK as universal barcode sequences, and DX, HH, JYH as specific barcode sequences, to identify the authenticity of commercial medicinal and food homology scented herbal teas. The aim was to investigate the authenticity of scented herbal tea products circulating in the market. The research results revealed that among 180 scented herbal tea samples, DNA barcodes were successfully obtained from 164 samples, while the remaining samples either lacked the target components or suffered severe DNA degradation, resulting in failed amplification. Combined with morphological identification studies, it was found that out of the 180 samples, 141 were authentic, accounting for 78.33% of the total samples, while 31 samples showed adulteration and 8 samples lacked the target components, accounting for 21.67% of the total samples. Additionally, water testing revealed that 5 samples of Carthamus tinctorius herbal tea exhibited the phenomenon of weight adulteration. This study exposed the presence of adulteration and weight adulteration in scented herbal tea products, highlighting the need for regulatory authorities to expedite the establishment of quality standards in scented herbal tea industry. These findings provide valuable insights for the rapid development of the scented herbal tea industry.

Objective To compare regional pulmonary ventilation and perfusion and ventilation/perfusion(V/Q)matching in different body positions using electrical impedance tomography(EIT).Methods Ten healthy experimental pigs were selected to collect their EIT lung ventilation and perfusion data in supine,prone,left lateral and right lateral positions.The EIT data underwent analysis and image reconstruction using MATLAB R2022b and EIDORS v3.9.The effective regions with ventilation and perfusion were determined and the V/Q matching regions were computed with the maximum pixel value 20％as the threshold.Comparisons were carried out over the V/Q matching indexes including V/Q match％,dead space％and shunt％and ventilation and perfusion distribution in regions of interest(ROIs)including ROI1,ROI2,ROI3 and ROI4 in different body positions.Results The differences in V/Q match％,dead space％and shunt％of the experimental animals in varied positions were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The regional distribution of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion changed in different positions,and the regional distributions differed in ROIl,ROI2 and ROI3 for ventilation(P＜0.05)and in ROI1 and ROI2 for perfusion(P＜0.05).The ventilation and perfusion regions were distributed consistently with the gravity-dependent areas in supine and prone positions whereas conversely in the right and left lateral positions.Conclusion The V/Q matching indexes of one subject have high test consistency in different body positions;gravity-dependent areas varied with the changes of the body positions,which affected the distribution of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion regions;EIT can be used for measuring the changed pulmonary ventilation and perfusion due to different positions and determining the influences of position changes on pulmonary ventilation and perfusion and V/Q matching.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(5):1-7]

Objective To propose a multi-cascade deep learning processor-based surgical instrument detection and pose estimation algorithm to facilitate the robotic scurb nurse to recognize and delivery surgical instruments.Methods The proposed multi-cascade deep leaning processor-based CYSP algorithm was hibernated with several functional modules such as YOLOX with coordinate attention block(CA-YOLOX),segment anything model(SAM)and principal component analysis(PCA).Firstly,CA-YOLOX was applied to identifying the types of the surgical instruments and completing the coarse positioning of x and y coordinates;secondly,the SAM segmenter was used to clarify the positions of the instruments in the RGB image,and the depth information and internal parameters of the camera were introduced to obtain the point cloud of the surgical instruments;finally,the center of mass,principal direction and normal direction of the surgical instrument point cloud were determined through the PCA algorithm,with which the rotation and translation(RT)matrix between the target coordinate system(surgical instrument center of mass coordinate system)and the base coordinate system of the robotic arm was solved,and the matrix was converted into a quaternion and then transmitted to the robotic arm control unit so as to drive the robotic arm to arrive at the corresponding position and pick up the instrument to complete the instrument delivery task.Migration training was accomplished on a self-constructed surgical instrument image dataset and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was evaluated,and instrument delivery experiments were performed on a seven-degree-of-freedom robotic arm and the success rate of the algorithm was assessed.Results The multi-cascade deep leaning processor-based CYSP algorithm had a recognition accuracy of 98.52％on the surgical instrument dataset,a success rate of 94％for the in-strument delivery experiment and average time for recognition of 0.28 s.Conclusion The multi-cascade deep leaning proces-sor-based CYSP algorithm with high reliability and practicability behaves well in facilitating the robotic scurb nurse to recog-nize and deliver surgical instruments.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(6):1-8]

Objective To investigate the relationship between coagulation indicators and early prognosis in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods The data of ARDS patients receiving the treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) from 2008-2019 were selected from the Critical Care Medicine Open Database (MIMIC-Ⅳ V2.0 version) jointly published by MIT,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,and Philips Medical,the data were categorized according to the severity of the patients' disease and the causes of lung damage.The coagulation indexes and 28 d mortality (m28d) rates were compared among different ARDS patients.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn.The area under the curve was calculated to evaluate the predictive values of the related indicators.The univariate and multivariate logistic re-gression was adopted to analyze the risk factors affecting m28d in the patients with ARDS.Results Maximum prothrombin time (PTmax) in the patients with pulmonary origin ARDS was significantly lower than that in the patients without pulmonary origin ARDS,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).PLTmin,PLTmax and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score had statistical difference among dif-ferent severity degrees of ARDS patients (P<0.05).Minimum international normalized ratio (INRmin),maxi-mum international normalized ratio (INRmax),minimum prothrombin time (PTmin),PTmax,maximum activated partial thromboplastin time (APTTmax) and SOFA score had statistical differences between the survival group and death group (P<0.05).AUC of INRmin,INRmax,PTmin,PTmax and APTTmax were 0.607,0.624,0.610,0.620 and 0.648 respectively.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that APTTmax (OR=1.011,95%CI:1.001-1.022,P=0.029) was an independent risk factor for affecting m28d in the ARDS patients.Conclu-sion Plasma PLT levels in different severities of ARDS patients have the difference and APTTmax on the first day in ICU is an independent risk factor for affecting early prognosis in ARDS patients.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of one-stage posterior lesion removal and internal spinal fixation in patients with lumbar Brucellosis spondylitis.Methods The clinical data of 24 patients admitted from October 2017 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed,2 patients were lost to follow-up at 10 months after surgery,at the final 22 cases were included in the study,including 13 males and 9 females with an average age of(52.00±6.89)years old,were treated with one-stage posterior lesion removal and internal spinal fixation.The operation time,intraoperative bleeding,follow-up time,ery-throcyte sedimentation rate(ESR)and C-reactive protein(CRP)before and after operation were recorded.The pain visual ana-logue scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI),the Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score for neurofunction,American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)spinal cord injury grade and modified MacNab criteria were ussed to evaluate the efficacy.Results All patients were followed up from 12 to 30 months with an average of(17.41±4.45)months.The operation time was 70 to 155 min with an average of(1 16.59±24.32)min;the intraoperative bleeding volume was 120 to 520 ml with an average of(275.00±97.53)ml.CRP and ESR levels decreased more significantly at 1 week and at the final follow-up than pre-operative levels(P＜0.05).VAS,JOA score and ODI at 1 week and at the latest follow-up were more significantly improved than preoperative results(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between ASIA preoperative and 1 week after operation(P＞0.05),and a significant difference between preoperative and last follow-up(P＜0.05).In the final follow-up,21 patients had ex-cellent efficacy,1 patient had fair,and there was no recurrence during the follow-up.Conclusion One-stage transpedicular le-sion removal and internal spinal fixation,with few incisions and short operation time,helps the recovery of neurological func-tion,and the prognosis meets the clinical requirements,which can effectively control Brucella spondylitis.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of latent profiles of health literacy in elderly patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs), and to analyze the impacts of the profiles on patients′ health promoting lifestyle, and to provide reference for developing intervention strategies.Methods:From July 2022 to May 2023, elderly patients with multiple chronic conditions in Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University were selected as the survey subjects by cross-sectional survey method. The General Information Questionnaire, All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-Ⅱ were used for investigation. The latent profile analysis was conducted with the 11 entries of health literacy in elderly patients with MCCs as the explicit indicators. The difference of clinical data in potential profiles of health literacy were compared, and regression mixture model was implemented to analyze the impacts of different profiles on health promoting lifestyle of patients.Results:Totally 198 valid questionnaires [127 males and 71 females with 60-80(64.57 ± 4.60) years old] were collected, with the effective recovery rate of 94.3%. The latent profiles of health literacy in elderly patients with MCCs was divided into 3 profiles, high literacy and high efficiency in health information application group 51 cases (25.8%), moderate literacy and moderate efficiency in health information application group 87 cases (43.9%), low literacy and low efficiency in health information application group 60 cases (30.3%). Education level [high school or technical secondary school: OR(95% CI)=0.134(0.034-0.531), college degree or above: OR(95% CI)=0.056(0.005-0.670)], per capita monthly income of families [3 000-5 000yuan: OR(95% CI)=0.176(0.052-0.593), >5 000 yuan: OR(95% CI)=0.095(0.024-0.370)], years of illness [>5years: OR(95% CI)=0.204(0.053-0.787)], and number of co-occurring diseases [4-5kinds: OR(95% CI)=3.500(1.324-4.252)] were the influencing factors of high literacy and high efficiency in health information application group (all P<0.05). Per capita monthly income of families [3 000-5 000yuan: OR(95% CI)=0.336(0.150-0.752)] and years of illness[1-5years: OR(95% CI)=0.266(0.098-0.721)] were the influencing factors of moderate literacy and moderate efficiency in health information application group (all P<0.05). There were statistically significant difference in the total score of Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-Ⅱ and the scores of each dimension among elderly patients with MCCs between 3 latent profiles ( F=32.12-81.04, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The health literacy of elderly patients with MCCs is significantly heterogeneous, and there are significant differences in health promoting lifestyle among the profiles. Medical staff should formulate personalized intervention strategies based on the classification characteristics of health literacy of MCCs elderly patients to improve their health promoting lifestyle.