Objective To summarize and explore the individualized surgical treatment strategy and prognosis of anomalous aortic origin of coronary artery (AAOCA). Methods The clinical data of children with AAOCA admitted to Shanghai Children's Medical Center from March 2018 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 17 children were enrolled, including 13 males and 4 females, with a median age of 88 (44, 138) months and a median weight of 25 (18, 29) kg. All patients received operations. The methods of coronary artery management included coronary artery decapitation in 9 patients, coronary artery transplantation in 5 patients and coronary artery perforation in 3 patients. One patient with severe cardiac insufficiency (left ventricular ejection fraction 15%) received mechanical circulatory assistance after the operation for 12 days. No death occurred in the early postoperative period, the average ICU stay time was 4.3±3.0 d, and the total hospital stay was 14.4±6.1 d. All the children received regular anticoagulation therapy for 3 months after discharge. The median follow-up time was 15 (13, 24) months. All patients received regular anticoagulation therapy for 3 months after discharge. No clinical symptoms such as chest pain and syncope occurred again. The cardiac function grade was significantly improved compared with that before operation. Imaging examination showed that the coronary artery blood flow on the operation side was unobstructed, and no restenosis occurred. Conclusion AAOCA is easy to induce myocardial ischemia and even sudden cardiac death. Once diagnosed, operation should be carried out as soon as possible. According to the anatomic characteristics of coronary artery, the early effect of individualized surgery is satisfactory, and the symptoms of the children are significantly improved and the cardiac function recovers well in the mid-term follow-up.

Objective To investigate the changes in distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails in forestlands in Songjiang District, Shanghai Municipality from 2009 to 2023, so as to provide insights into formulation of O. hupensis snail surveillance programs. Methods The reports on O. hupensis snail surveillance in Songjiang District, Shanghai Municipality from 2009 to 2023 were collected, and the snail surveillance data in forestlands were extracted. The trends in the proportion of areas with snails in forestlands in total areas with snails, occurrence of frames with living snails and density of living snails were evaluated using a Joinpoint regression model in Songjiang District from 2009 to 2023, and the annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). Results A total of 40 sites with snails were found in forestlands in 14 administrative villages of 4 townships, Songjiang District, Shanghai Municipality from 2009 to 2023. A total of 39 065 frames were surveyed for snails in settings covering an area of 609 600 m², and there were 6 084 frames with snails, covering 151 250 m² snail habitats. A total of 22 210 snails were captured, with the highest density of 260.00 snails/0.1 m², and 6 262 snails were dissected, with no Schistosoma japonicum infection identified in snails. The proportion of areas with snails in forestlands in total areas with snails appeared a tendency towards a rise in forestlands in Songjiang District, Shanghai Municipality from 2009 to 2023 (APC = AAPC = 24.9%, P > 0.05); however, there were no turning points in the trend curve, with the highest proportion seen in 2009 (53.81%), the lowest in 2011 and 2023 (both 0) and a mean proportion of 24.81%. The occurrence of frames with living snails appeared a tendency towards a rise from 2009 to 2023 (APC = AAPC = 41.5%, P > 0.05); however, there were no turning points in the trend curve, with the highest occurrence in 2009 (53.81%), the lowest in 2011 and 2013 (both 0), and the mean occurrence of 15.57%. In addition, the density of living snails appeared a tendency towards a rise from 2009 to 2023 (APC = AAPC = 55.0%, P > 0.05); however, there were no turning points in the trend curve, with the highest density in 2023 (0.96 snails/0.1 m²), the lowest in 2011 and 2013 (both 0), and a mean density of 0.57 snails/0.1 m². Conclusions The difficulty in O. hupensis snail control and risk of imported snails appeared a tendency towards a rise in forestlands in Songjiang District, Shanghai Municipality over years from 2009 to 2023. Supervision and assessment prior to seedling transplantation and intensified surveillance post-transplantation are recommended to reduce the risk of O. hupensis snail importation and spread.

ObjectiveTo analyze the monitoring results and trends of Oncomelania in Songjiang District of Shanghai from 2007 to 2023， and to provide reference for future monitoring work. MethodsThe data of snail monitoring in Songjiang District from 2007 to 2023 were collected， including the location of snail spots， the number of survey frames， the area with snails， the number of frames with snails， the total number of snails， etc. The density of living snails and the occurrence rate of living snail frames were calculated. ResultsFrom 2007 to 2023， a total of 158 snail spots were found in 22 administrative villages in 4 towns in Songjiang District， including 131 emerging snail habitats （82.91%） and 27 reemerging snail habitats （17.09%）. The total snail area was 175 980 m²， the number of snail frames was 10 061， and 33 302 snails were captured. The highest density was 260/0.11 m²， and 15 662 snails were dissected. No positive snails were found. The average density of living snails was 0.60/0.11 m² and the average occurrence rate of living snail frames was 17.99%. The snail areas in different areas were Yexie Town 126 000 m² （71.60%）， Maogang Town 26 470 m² （15.04%）， Xinbang Town 17 040 m² （9.68%）， and Shihudang Town 6 470 m² （3.68%）. The average density of living snails in different areas was 0.89/0.11 m² in Yexie Town， 0.65/0.11 m² in Maogang Town， 0.26/0.11 m² in Shihudang Town and 0.24/0.11 m² in Xinbang Town. The snail areas of different snail habitats were as follows： woodland 151 250 m²（85.95%）， river 13 810 m²（7.85%）， ditch 6 910 m²（3.93%）， farmland 4 010 m²（2.28%）. The average density of living snails in different snail habitats： ditch 1.01/0.11 m²， beach 0.86/0.11 m²， woodland 0.57/0.11 m²， river 0.40/0.11 m². The occurrence rate of living snail frames in different regions and different snail environment types showed a downward trend and the difference was statistically significant. ConclusionAlthough the snail monitoring indicators such as snail area， average living snail density and average living snail frame occurrence rate in Songjiang District are still at its historically low level， the average living snail density and average living snail frame occurrence rate are still high compared with other regions or the national average. We should focus on the upper reaches and tributaries of the Huangpu River， especially the key areas of seedling transplantation， and strengthen monitoring and supervision to reduce the risk of snail input.

Objective To study changes in immune cells and cytokines during the reactivation stage of varicella-zoster virus(VZV)in patients with herpes zoster.Methods A total of 50 patients with herpes zoster and 30 healthy individuals were selected from Xi'an Ninth Hospital between May 2022 and October 2022.Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of peripheral blood CD3+cells,CD4+cells,CD8+T cells,B cells and NK cells,as well as levels of cytokines IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-10 and IL-6.We analyzed the immune mechanism of VZV reactivation stage in herpes zoster patients.Results Compared with the healthy control group,the proportion of CD3+cells and CD4+T cells in herpes zoster patients decreased significantly;the proportion of NK cells significantly increased;the levels of IFN-γ,IL-10 and IL-6 significantly increased;the proportion of CD8+T cells,B cells and IL-2 content showed an increasing trend,but there was no significant difference.In addition,the severity of neurological involvement in herpes zoster patients might affect changes in cytokine levels.Conclusion During the reactivation period of VZV,changes in the proportion of immune cells and cytokine expression levels are closely related to the occurrence and development of herpes zoster.

BACKGROUND:Compared with traditional two-dimensional culture,three-dimensional microtissue culture can show greater advantages.However,more favorable cultivation methods in three-dimensional culture still need to be further explored. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cell behavior of microtissue and its ability to promote cartilage formation under two three-dimensional culture methods. METHODS:Cartilage-derived microcarriers were prepared by chemical decellularization and tissue crushing.DNA quantification and nuclear staining were used to verify the success of decellularization,and histological staining was used to observe the matrix retention before and after decellularization.The microcarriers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and CCK-8 assay.Cartilage-derived microtissues were constructed by combining cartilage-derived microcarriers with human adipose mesenchymal stem cells through three-dimensional static culture and three-dimensional dynamic culture methods.The cell viability and chondrogenic ability of the two groups of microtissues were detected by scanning electron microscopy,live and dead staining,and RT-qPCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Cartilage-derived microcarriers were successfully prepared.Compared with before decellularization,the DNA content significantly decreased after decellularization(P<0.001).Scanning electron microscope observation showed that the surface of the microcarrier was surrounded by collagen,maintaining the characteristics of the natural extracellular matrix of cartilage cells.CCK-8 assay indicated that microcarriers had no cytotoxicity and could promote cell proliferation.(2)Scanning electron microscopy and live and dead staining results showed that compared with the three-dimensional static group,the three-dimensional dynamic group had a more extended morphology of microtissue cells,and extensive connections between cells and cells,between cells and matrix,and between matrix.(3)The results of RT-qPCR showed that the expressions of SOX9,proteoglycan,and type Ⅱ collagen in microtissues of both groups were increased at 7 or 14 days.The relative expression levels of each gene in the three-dimensional dynamic group were significantly higher than those in the three-dimensional static group at 14 days(P<0.05).At 21 days,the three-dimensional static group had significantly higher gene expression compared with the three-diomensional dynamic group(P<0.001).(4)The results showed that compared with three-dimensional static culture microtissue,three-dimensional dynamic culture microtissue could achieve higher expression of chondrogen-related genes in a shorter time,showing better cell viability and chondrogenic ability.

Objective To observe the effect of Qixian Tongluo Formula on contralateral corticospinal tract(CST)remodeling and motor functional recovery in rats with cerebral infarction,and to explore its potential molecular mechanism from the perspective of regulating factors related to never remodeling.Methods The rat middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)model was established by silk thread ligation.Fifty model rats were randomly divided into model group,citicoline group(0.054 g·kg-1),Qixian Tongluo Formula low-,medium-and high-dose(7.83,15.66,31.32 g·kg-1)groups,and sham operation group,with 10 rats in each group.The intervention administration was started on the 3rd day after operation once a day for 26 consecutive days.On the 3rd,14th and 28th day after operation,the gross motor function was evaluated by Longa score,and the fine motor function was evaluated by beam-walking test(BWT)score.The contralateral motor cortex was injected with the nerve tracer biotin dextran amine(BDA)on the 14 th day after operation to anterogradely trace the CST.On the 28th day after operation,the expression of axonal growth associated protein-43(GAP-43)and BDA positive fibers in the contralateral motor cortex and cervical spinal cord were detected by immunohistochemistry.The co-localization areas of BDA positive fibers and presynaptic marker protein vesicular glutamate transporter 1(VGLUT1)in the cervical spinal cord gray matter were detected by immunofluorescence.The expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF),nerve growth factor(NGF)and nerve remodeling-associated inhibitory factor[Nogo-A,oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein(OMgp)and myelin-associated glycoprotein(MAG)]in the contralateral motor cortex were detected by Western Blot.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between Longa score or BWT score and BDA/VGLUT1 co-localization area,respectively.Results Compared with the sham operation group,rats in the model group had obvious symptoms of motor function deficits,and the Longa scores were significantly increased(P＜0.01)and the BWT scores were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01)at each time point.The expression of GAP-43 in the contralateral motor cortex and cervical spinal cord was up-regulated(P＜0.05),the number of edge-crossing fibers from the posterior funiculus in cervical cord was increased(P＜0.05),the co-localization area of BDA/VGLUT1 in the gray matter of the cervical spinal cord was increased(P＜0.05),the expressions of BDNF,GDNF and NGF in the contralateral motor cortex were up-regulated(P＜0.05),while the expressions of Nogo-A,OMgp and MAG were down-regulated(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the Longa scores in each administration group on the 14th and 28th day after MCAO operation were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),the BWT scores were significantly increased(P＜0.01),the expression of GAP-43 in the contralateral motor cortex and cervical spinal cord was significantly up-regulated(P＜0.01).The number of edge-crossing fibers from the posterior funiculus in cervical cord was significantly increased(P＜0.01),the co-localization area of BDA/VGLUT1 in the gray matter of the cervical spinal cord was significantly increased(P＜0.01).The expressions of BDNF,GDNF and NGF in the contralateral motor cortex were significantly up-regulated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),while the expressions of Nogo-A,OMgp and MAG were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.05),and the most significant effect was observed in the high dose group.The Longa score was negatively correlated with the co-localization area of BDA/VGLUT1(r=-0.89,P＜0.01),and the BWT score was positively correlated with the co-localization area of BDA/VGLUT1(r=0.84,P＜0.01).Conclusion Qixian Tongluo Formula can improve motor function through promoting contralateral CST remodeling in MCAO rats after cerebral infarction,and the molecular mechanism may be related to the regulation of the expression of nerve remodeling-associated factor in the contralateral motor cortex.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Dianxianqing granules on the tau protein in P301S mice by regulating mitophagy. METHODS Totally 36 P301S mice were randomly divided into model group， Dianxianqing granule group （12.48 g/kg）， donepezil hydrochloride group （positive control， 1.3 mg/kg）， with 12 mice in each group； another 10 C57BL6 mice were selected as control group. Administration groups were given relevant drug solutions intragastrically， and control group and model group were given constant volume of water intragastrically. The gavage volume was 20 mL/kg， once a day， for consecutive 5 months. During the experiment， the general condition of mice was observed in each group. After the last medication， the learning and memory ability was determined by Y maze test and Morris water maze test； HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes in brain tissue， and Nissl staining was used to observe the structure of neural cells and the number of Nissl bodies in cerebral tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of phospho-tau serine 202/threonine 205 （abbreviated as AT8） in brain tissue. Western blot assay was used to determine the expressions of mitophagy-associated proteins [PTEN-induced putative kinase-1 （PINK1）， Parkin， microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B （LC3B）， p62]， synaptic-associated proteins [postsynaptic density protein-95 （PSD-95）， synaptophysin （SYP）， and growth-associated protein-43 （GAP-43）] and the phosphorylation of tau protein [expressed by the phosphorylation levels of serine 199 （Ser199） and Ser202] in brain tissue. RESULTS The mice in E-mail：lnzyxyqy2003@163.com model group showed symptoms such as white hair， decreased body mass， and lower limb paralysis， with incomplete hippocampal structures in their brain tissue， as well as incomplete cell membrane edges and cell structures； the spontaneous alternating response rate， the times of crossing platform， the number of Nissl bodies， the protein expressions of PINK1， Parkin， LC3B， SYP， GAP-43， and PSD-95 were decreased significantly， compared with control group； swimming latency （fourth and fifth day）， the protein expressions of AT8 and p62，the phosphorylation levels of Ser199 and Ser202 were increased or lengthened significantly， compared with control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， the above symptoms and indexes of mice were improved significantly in administration groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Dianxianqing granules can effectively improve cognitive impairment in P301S mice，the mechanism of which may be associated with inducing mitochondrial autophagy， reducing the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein， up-regulating the expression of synaptic-associated proteins in brain tissue，and repairing damaged neural cells.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) refers to non-coding RNA longer than 200 nt, with one or more short open reading frames (sORF), which encode functional micro-peptides. These functional micro-peptides often play key roles in various biological processes, such as Ca²⁺ transport, mitochondrial metabolism, myocyte fusion, cellular senescence and others. At the same time, these biological processes play a key role in the regulation of body homeostasis, diseases and cancers development and progression, embryonic development and other important physiological processes. Therefore, studying the potential regulatory mechanisms of micro-peptides encoded by lncRNA in organisms will help to further elucidate the potential regulatory processes in organisms. Furthermore, it will provide a new theoretical basis for the subsequent targeted treatment of diseases and improvement of animal growth performance. This review summarizes the latest research progress in the field of lncRNA-encoded micro-peptides, as well as the progress in the fields of muscle physiological regulation, inflammation and immunity, common human cancers, and embryonic development. Finally, the challenges of lncRNA-encoded micro-peptides are briefly described, with the aim to facilitate subsequent in-depth research on micro-peptides.
Animals ; Humans ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Open Reading Frames ; Peptides/chemistry* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics*

Objective:To explore and summarize the surgical strategies of biventricular conversion from single-ventricle palliation for the complex congenital heart defects in this study.Methods:From April 2017 to December 2019, a total of 14 cases with complex complex congenital heart defects who had planned to undergo single-ventricle palliation were finally accepted biventricular conversion. According to the development and anatomical characteristics of the ventricles, they were divided into two groups: ventricular well development group(9 cases), all of which showed complex intracardiac defects, and the ventricles well developed, including 4 cases of double outlet right ventricle with remote ventricular septal defect, 2 cases of transposition of great arteries combined with ventricular septal defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, one case of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries combined with double outlet right ventricle and interrupted aortic arch, one case of double outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary ventricular septal defect and atrioventricular connection inconsistency, one case of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. Ventricular unbalanced development group(5 cases), all of which were functional single ventricle, including 3 cases of heterotaxy and 2 cases of unbalanced complete atrioventricular septal defect. The operation time, postoperative complications, death, cardiac function and reoperation of the two groups were compared.Results:There was one early death, with a mortality rate of 7.1%. In the ventricular well development group, the average waiting time for biventricular conversion was(56.4 ± 38.9) months. One case died after the operation. The early complications included 2 case of arrhythmias, 3 cases of pleural effusions and 2 cases of pulmonary infections. In the ventricular unbalanced development group, the average waiting time for biventricular conversion was(20.4 ± 15.8) months, and the average of left ventricular end-diastolic volume was(33.6 ± 2.1) ml/m 2. The early complications included 2 cases of low cardiac outputs, one case of arrhythmia and one case of renal failure. There was no significant difference in operation time, intubation time and ICU time between the two groups. The patients were followed up for 4 months to 3 years, and there was no death. In the ventricular well development group, one case was reoperated due to the obstruction of the anastomosis between the superior vena cava and the right atrial appendage. In the ventricular unbalanced development group, one case was implanted with a permanent pacemaker due to the degree Ⅲ atrioventricular block. The NYHA grade of the whole group was Ⅰ-Ⅱ. Conclusion:Whether the complex congenital heart defects with the ventricles well developed or unbalanced, the comprehensive evaluation before the planned single-ventricle palliation will be helpful to find the appropriate cases for biventricular conversion. According to its anatomical characteristics performed the corresponding biventricular conversion can obtain a satisfied clinical outcomes, although the long-term results still need further follow-up.