Objective: To establish a high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of misoprostol in workplace air. Methods: From February to August 2021, the misoprostol in the workplace air was collected by glass fiber filter membrane, and theeluent was separated by C18 liquid chromatography column, determined by UV detector, and quantified by external standard method. Results: The quantitative lower limit of misoprostol determination method was 0.05 μg/ml, and the lowest quantitative concentration was 1.4 μg/m(3) (calculated by collecting 75 L air sample). The concentration of misoprostol has a good linear relationship between 0.05 to 10.00 μg/ml. The relative coefficient was 0.9998. The regression equation of the standard working curve was y=495759x-45257. The range of average recovery rates were from 95.5% to 102.8%. The intra-assay precision of the method was 1.2%-4.6%, and the inter-assay precision was 2.0%-5.9%. The samples could be stored stably for 7 days at 4 ℃. Conclusion: The high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of misoprostol has high sensitivity, good specificity and simple procedure of sample pretreatment. It is suitable for the detection of misoprostol in the workplace air.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Misoprostol/analysis* ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis* ; Workplace ; Chromatography, Liquid

Clinopodium chinense, a traditional folk medicinal herb, has been used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding(AUB) for many years. Saponins and flavonoids are the main active components in C. chinense. To study the pharmacokine-tics of multiple components from the total extract of C. chinense(TEC), we established a sensitive and rapid method of ultra-perfor-mance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) for simultaneous determination of five compounds in the plasma of AUB rats. After validation, the AUB model was established with SD female rats which got pregnant on the same day by gavage with mifepristone(12.4 mg·kg~(-1)) and misoprostol(130 μg·kg~(-1)). The established method was applied to the detection of hesperidin, naringenin, apigenin, saikosaponin a, and buddlejasaponin Ⅳb in AUB rats after the administration of TEC. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0. The five compounds showed good linear relationship within the detection range. The specificity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect, and stability of the method all matched the requirements of biolo-gical sample detection. The above 5 compounds were detected in the plasma of AUB rats after the administration of TEC. The C_(max) va-lues of hesperidin, naringenin, apigenin, saikosaponin a, and clinoposide A were 701.6, 429.5, 860.7, 75.1, and 304.1 ng·mL~(-1), respectively. All the compounds owned short half-life and quick elimination rate in vivo, and the large apparent volume of distribution indicated that they were widely distributed in tissues. Being rapid, accurate, and sensitive, this method is suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of extracts of Chinese herbal medicines and provides a reference for the study of pharmacodynamic material basis of C. chinense in treating AUB.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Apigenin/analysis* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Female ; Flavonoids/analysis* ; Hesperidin ; Lamiaceae ; Mifepristone ; Misoprostol ; Oleanolic Acid/analogs & derivatives* ; Plant Extracts/chemistry* ; Rats ; Saponins ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Uterine Hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether vaginal application of 40 mg isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN) has a comparable cervical ripening efficacy to and lesser side effects than 400 µg misoprostol in women scheduled for the first trimester induced abortion using a manual vacuum aspirator (MVA). METHODS: We conducted a prospective randomized open- label study in 70 women at 6–12 weeks of pregnancy at the R G Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India, over a period of two years from 2015 to 2017. Forty milligrams of ISMN and 400 µg misoprostol were vaginally applied for cervical priming. The primary outcome measure was the cervical response assessed by the passage of the appropriate and largest sized MVA cannula through the internal os without resistance, at the beginning of the procedure. RESULTS: The base line cervical dilatation was found to be significantly higher in the misoprostol group than in the ISMN group (7.65±1.38 vs. 6.9±1.26 mm; P=0.025, 95% confidence interval, −1.4046 to −0.953). However, when the women were sub-analyzed based on parity, there was no statistically significant difference in the same parameters among the multigravid women. The need for further cervical dilatation was significantly higher in the ISMN group when the primigravid women were compared, although the multigravid women responded favorably to ISMN. CONCLUSION: In the primigravid women, misoprostol appears to exert a higher efficacy as a cervical ripening agent in contrast to ISMN. However, ISMN can be used in multigravid women for the same purpose as in this group, misoprostol did not show any significant improvement in efficacy over ISMN.
Abortion, Induced ; Catheters ; Cervical Ripening ; Female ; Humans ; India ; Labor Stage, First ; Misoprostol ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Prospective Studies ; Vacuum

This study compared the effect of preservative-containing (PC) and preservative-free (PF) prostaglandin analogue (PGA) formulations on the ocular surface, especially on the meibomian gland (MG) in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). This is a retrospective study of treatment-naïve patients with OAG (n=80) and healthy controls (n=40). OAG patients were randomized into groups using either PC-PGA or PF-PGA for 12 months. All participants underwent ocular surface and MG examinations including their meibum score, meiboscore, and lid margin abnormality score (LAS). Eighty OAG patients were randomized into two groups (n=42 in PC, n=38 in PF). All PGA and control groups showed similar ocular surface and MG parameters at the baseline. Both PC- and PF-PGA groups showed increased meibum scores, meiboscores, and LASs at 12 months compared to the baseline (all p<0.05). At the 12-months visit, PC-PGA group showed severe OSDI, shorter TBUT, greater OSS, and worse MG parameters than those of the other two groups (all p<0.05). In addition, PF-PGA group showed worse meiboscores, meibum scores, and severe OSS scores than those of the control group (all p<0.05). Both PC and PF formulations can cause damage to the MG in patients using PGA. However, PC formulations induced more ocular discomfort, poorer ocular surface, and more severe MG loss compared to PF formulations. Therefore, it would be advisable to use PF formulations in patients with a preexisting or concomitant ocular surface disease or MGD.
Benzalkonium Compounds ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Meibomian Glands ; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical ; Prostaglandins, Synthetic ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a potentially fatal disease. Inhaled iloprost, a stable analogue of prostacyclin, has recently been used as a therapeutic option. However, there are no clinical guidelines on the use of iloprost, specifically for neonates. This study aimed to suggest the use of inhaled iloprost as a rescue therapy for PPHN based on our experience.METHODS: The efficacy and adverse events of inhaled iloprost were evaluated prospectively in nine full-term neonates with PPHN. We monitored the following parameters: fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂), respiratory severity score (RSS), heart rate, and mean blood pressure.RESULTS: The inhalation dose was 1 to 2 µg/kg initially, and 4 to 8 inhalations per day were applied over 2 to 8 days, except in the case of one neonate who died 2 days after birth. Echocardiographic findings, changes in FiO₂, and RSS improved within the next 7 days in eight of the nine patients. Severe side effects on heart rate and blood pressure were not observed.CONCLUSION: Our experience suggests that inhaled iloprost can be used as a first-line treatment in newborn infants with PPHN when inhaled nitric oxide is not available. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first prospective case series on the use of inhaled iloprost in PPHN.
Blood Pressure ; Echocardiography ; Epoprostenol ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Iloprost ; Infant, Newborn ; Inhalation ; Nitric Oxide ; Oxygen ; Parturition ; Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome ; Prospective Studies

No abstract available.
Misoprostol*

PURPOSE: To research the effects of iloprost (IL) and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) combination treatment on lung injury and on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels after tissue or organ ischemia-reperfusion, and on ischemia-reperfusion induced lung neutrophil sequestration. METHODS: Forty white New Zealand rabbits were assigned randomly into 5 groups: HBO, IL, HBO+IL, control, and sham groups. TNF-α values were checked before ischemia, in the 1st hour of ischemia and in the 1st and 4th hours of reperfusion, also at the end of reperfusion period, plasma and tissue MPO values, MDA values, and sICAM-1 levels were detected. After sacrifice, the degree of lung injury was determined by histopathological examination. RESULTS: Compared to the control group all therapy groups showed a drastically meaningful reduction in TNF-α increase in 1, 2, and 4 hours. Plasma and lung MDA, MPO, and sICAM-1 levels were significantly lower in IL, HBO, HBO+IL, and sham groups compared with the control group. IL and/or HBO suppressed MDA and MPO increase in the lung tissue and in plasma. Additionally, histopathological score was significantly lower in HBO, IL, HBO+IL, and sham groups than that of the control group. CONCLUSION: Both HBO and IL therapy have a beneficial effect by causing a meaningful reduction in TNF-α production, MPO, MDA, sICAM-1 levels and pulmonary neutrophil sequestration; which play a role, especially, in ischemia reperfusion induced lung damage.
Acute Lung Injury* ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Iloprost* ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Ischemia ; Lung ; Lung Injury ; Malondialdehyde ; Neutrophils ; Oxygen* ; Peroxidase ; Plasma ; Rabbits ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Glaucoma is a progressive degenerative disease of the optic nerve head, characterized by a specific pattern of axonal loss and visual field deterioration. This review aims at introducing the different novel pharmacologic agents for its treatment, as well as their mechanisms. Most glaucoma patients require lifelong care and individualized treatment. Intraocular pressure (IOP), which is regulated by aqueous humor production, outflow via the trabecular meshwork (parasympathomimetics only) and uveoscleral outflow pathways, is currently the only treatable target for glaucoma treatment. Conventional glaucoma medications are categorized as β blockers, α agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, parasympathomimetics, and prostaglandin analogues. The development of basic research-derived novel classes of pharmacologic agents features novel action mechanisms, which are different from those of conventional medications. New classes of recently approved or clinical trial-tested medications include Rho-kinase inhibitors, nitric oxide donors, adenosine agonists, and prostaglandin analogs targeting E-type prostanoid receptors, etc. Their integration and future development will facilitate the expansion and customization of therapeutic options.
Adenosine ; Aqueous Humor ; Axons ; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Nitric Oxide Donors ; Ocular Hypertension ; Optic Disk ; Parasympathomimetics ; Prostaglandins, Synthetic ; rho-Associated Kinases ; Trabecular Meshwork ; Visual Fields

BACKGROUND: Various pharmacological treatments have been suggested to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, their practicability remains a controversial issue. METHODS: We systemically reviewed articles published during last 20 years to assess the efficacy and safety of the pharmacological treatments. RESULTS: To date, enoxaparin, statins, bisphosphonates, iloprost and acetylsalicylic acid have been practiced for the treatment of osteonecrosis. However, none of them were proven to be effective by high level studies, and most of them have adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS: No pharmacological prevention or treatment of osteonecrosis is recommendable at this moment.
Aspirin ; Bone Remodeling ; Diphosphonates ; Drug Therapy ; Enoxaparin ; Head ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Iloprost ; Osteonecrosis

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex (CEH/P) is a challenge in canine reproduction. Present study aimed to assess fertility after medical treatment. One-hundred-seventy-four bitches affected by CEH/P received aglepristone on days 1, 2, 8, then every 7 days until blood progesterone < 1.2 ng/mL; cloprostenol was administered on days 3 to 5. Records were grouped according to bodyweight (BW): small (< 10 kg, n = 33), medium (10 ≥ BW < 25 kg, n = 44), large (25 ≥ BW < 40 kg, n = 52), and giant bitches (BW ≥ 40 kg, n = 45). Age; success rate; aglepristone treatments number; relapse, pregnancy rates; diagnosis-relapse,
Animals ; Cloprostenol ; Dogs ; Fertility ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Progesterone ; Pyometra ; Recurrence ; Reproduction