Introduction: The Family Doctor Concept (FDC) programme was introduced to public primary care clinics in late 2013 as part of the reform agenda in the primary healthcare delivery system. The study aimed to develop a validated and reliable instrument to evaluate the FDC implementation fidelity in primary care clinics. Methods: The instrument, which adapted the concept of patient-centred care (PCC), resulted from a series of expert discussions, a literature search, an FDC guideline, and a review of meeting minutes. A 2-step process was conducted with experts to achieve content and face validity. Consequently, the instrument was piloted in 5 public primary care clinics in Selangor involving 8 trained raters. Inter-rater reliability was estimated using intraclass correlation (ICC), while internal consistency was measured using Kuder–Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20). Results: The final instrument comprises 3 sections (instructions, clinic’s characteristics and assessment items), with Section 3 containing 15 items divided into four components – population registration, formation of a primary care team, integrated treatment, and monitoring and evaluation. The ICC for total score was excellent, 0.981, while the ICCs of the individual component scores were good to excellent (population registration: 0.937, formation of primary care team: 0.742, integrated treatment: 0.996, and monitoring and evaluation: 0.996). The value of KR-20 was 0.615, which was considered adequate. Conclusion The instrument developed was found to be valid in terms of face and content validity and reliable in measuring the fidelity of FDC implementation with excellent inter-rater reliability.
Primary Health Care ; Primary Care Nursing

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the relationships among the perceptions and practice of taegyo (a traditional set of practices and beliefs related to healthy fetal development) and maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women.METHODS: The participants were 136 pregnant women who visited a public health center or maternity hospital for prenatal care. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of varience, and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS version 22.0.RESULTS: The mean age of the pregnant women was 32.24±3.99 years. The mean scores for perceptions of taegyo, practice of taegyo, and maternal-fetal attachment were 3.96±0.53, 3.74±0.64, and 3.94±0.49, respectively. Perceptions of taegyo were significantly correlated with the practice of taegyo (r=.72, p<.001), and maternal-fetal attachment (r=.55, p<.001). A significant correlation was also found between the practice of taegyo and maternal-fetal attachment (r=.65, p<.001).CONCLUSION: Perceptions of taegyo affected the practice of taegyo, and had a positive effect on maternal-fetal attachment. These findings suggest that primary care nurses at hospitals and public health centers should provide nursing intervention programs to improve the perceptions of taegyo, the practice of taegyo, and maternal-fetal attachment.
Female ; Hospitals, Maternity ; Humans ; Maternal-Fetal Relations ; Nursing ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Care ; Primary Health Care ; Public Health

PURPOSE: This study was done to estimate supply and demand for nursing workforce to provide community-based primary healthcare in the North Korean region to cost-efficiently narrow the health gap between the two Koreas in case of a Korean reunification. METHODS: To understand the nursing education system and current state of nursing workforce in North Korea, the authors interviewed six North Korean defectors who had worked as nurses in North Korea. Based on the interview results and literature review, the supply and demand for the primary healthcare nursing workforce that would be needed after Korean reunification were estimated RESULTS: Currently, a total of 2,100 to 2,700 North Korean nurses were estimated to have graduated from nursing schools with a 2 year curriculum or completed 6-month military nurse training courses every year. The projected number of nurses in demand to provide primary health care ranged from 84,160 to 105,200 and the shortage would be between 31,586 and 52,626. CONCLUSION: An active utilization of the North Korean nursing workforce to improve the health of North Koreans after reunification will be the best way to reduce the reunification cost which will be inflicted mainly on South Korea.
Curriculum ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Korea ; Military Personnel ; Nursing ; Primary Health Care ; Schools, Nursing

Frailty is a distinct clinical syndrome wherein the individual has low reserves and is highly vulnerable to internal and external stressors. Although it is associated with disability and multiple comorbidities, it can also be present in individuals who seem healthy. Frailty is multidimensional and its pathophysiology is complex. Early identification and intervention can potentially decrease or reverse frailty, especially in the early stages. Primary care physicians, community nurses and community social networks have important roles in the identification of pre-frail and frail elderly through the use of simple frailty screening tools and rapid geriatric assessments. Appropriate interventions that can be initiated in a primary care setting include a targeted medical review for reversible medical causes of frailty, medication appropriateness, nutritional advice and exercise prescription. With ongoing training and education, the multidisciplinary engagement and coordination of care of the elderly in the community can help to build resilience and combat frailty in our rapidly ageing society.
Aged ; Aging ; Community Health Services ; Frail Elderly ; Frailty ; Geriatric Assessment ; methods ; Geriatrics ; methods ; Humans ; Nurses ; Nursing ; Primary Health Care ; methods ; Social Support

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to examine the modern history of public health(PH) and suggest a way forward for PH nursing(PHN). METHODS: This paper is a review article that derives results from literature review. RESULTS: In the period of beginning (up to 1944), PHN began as the PH Department was created in the Hygiene Bureau in 1908 and tasks about nurses were legislated. PHN was limited to infectious disease tasks and performed mostly by missionaries. In the period of foundation formation (1945 to 1961), the Republic of Korea was founded, and PH policies and tasks were defined with the establishment of the central government organization and the applicable laws. In the period of foundation establishment (1962 to 1979), the Regional PH Act was amended, and as a result, PH Centers(PHCs) spread across the country. In the period of foundation expansion (1980 to 1994), the PH referral system of PHCs, PH Units, and Primary Health Care Post was established. In the period of organization in each area (1995 to 2005), PH programs reflecting changes in disease structure and public needs for the quality of life. A regional health care plan was launched. In the period of funtion expansion (2006 to present day), Centers for support health living were established. CONCLUSIONS: In the future, PH nurses need to have a macroscopic perspective that views PH through the overall PH system, and to expand from the existing healthcare concept to the national and global healthcare one.
Communicable Diseases ; Delivery of Health Care ; History, Modern 1601- ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hygiene ; Jurisprudence ; Missionaries ; Primary Health Care ; Public Health Nursing* ; Public Health* ; Quality of Life ; Referral and Consultation ; Republic of Korea

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to identify the types of gambling among adolescents and provide basic prevention information regarding adolescents' gambling problems. METHODS: Secondary data from representative national survey on 2015 Youth Gambling Problems of Korea Center on Gambling Problems were used. Using latent class analysis (LCA), 13 gambling types such as offline and online games of 14,011 adolescents were classified, and gambling experiences and characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: The subgroups of adolescent gambling were identified as four latent classes: a rare group (84.5% of the sample), a risk group (1.0%), an offline group (11.9%), and an expanded group (2.6%). The types and characteristics of gambling among the latent classes differed. In the risk group, adolescents participated in online illegal sports betting and internet casino, and gambling time, gambling expenses, and the number of gambling types were higher than other groups. CONCLUSION: Gambling frequently occur among adolescent, and the subtypes of gambling did not reveal homogeneous characteristics. In order to prevent adolescent gambling problems, it is a necessary to develop tailored prevention intervention in the nursing field, which is appropriate to the characteristics of adolescent gambling group and can help with early identification.
Adolescent* ; Gambling* ; Humans ; Internet ; Korea ; Nursing ; Primary Prevention ; Secondary Prevention ; Sports

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to construct an acceptance-commitment therapy (ACT)-based stress management program for inpatients with schizophrenia and to examine its effects on hospitalization stress, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 44 inpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The experimental group (n=22) received the ACT-based stress management program twice a week for a total of four weeks. The control group (n=22) received the usual care from their primary health care providers. The study was carried out from August 7 to September 1, 2017, and data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN 22.0 with a Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and an independent t-test. RESULTS: The experimental group showed a significant decrease in hospitalization stress (t=5.09, p < .001) and an increase in self-efficacy (t=2.44, p=.019). However, there was no significant difference in psychological well-being between the two groups (t=0.13, p=.894). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the ACT-based stress management program can be used as an effective mental health nursing intervention for hospitalization stress and self-efficacy for inpatients with schizophrenia.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ; Diagnosis ; Hospitalization* ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Primary Health Care ; Psychiatric Nursing ; Schizophrenia* ; Self Efficacy ; Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify and prioritize educational needs for suicide prevention competencies among 212 visiting nurses from 33 public health centers. METHODS: Data were collected from August to October 2017 through self-administered questionnaires consisting of measures of suicide prevention competencies. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and Borich's needs assessment model to determine the priority of educational needs. RESULTS: Visiting nurses reported that enhancing skills in suicide prevention were more significant than improving knowledge. The highest priority need was “utilizing counseling skills.” In addition, other educational needs were prioritized as followed by; “a strategic planning approach to suicide prevention”, “applying therapeutic communication”, “showing empathy”, and “using resources in the community.” CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that developing intervention programs to enhance counseling and strategic planning skills are needed to improve suicide prevention competencies among visiting nurses.
Counseling ; Educational Measurement ; Home Health Nursing ; Needs Assessment ; Nurses, Community Health ; Primary Prevention ; Public Health ; Suicide

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify meaning and essential structure of the hospitalization of patients in nursing care integrated service wards of small and medium-size general hospitals. METHODS: Experiential data were collected through in-depth interviews with 10 patients who had been hospitalized in nursing care integrated service wards of medium general hospitals. The main question was ‘Could you describe your hospitalization experience in nursing care integrated service wards of medium general hospitals?’, and collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi's Phenomenological Research Method. RESULTS: Four categories obtained were ‘Realize the system that is not established yet’, ‘Secure care services which are less of a psychological and financial burden’, ‘Thanks for care providers’, and ‘Confident of the hopeful system to desire to reuse in the future.’ CONCLUSION: Patients in nursing care integrated service wards of small and medium-size general hospitals were satisfied with the reduction of mental and financial burden caused by nursing and were thankful to nursing staff, who put a lot of efforts into nursing. But, at the same time, they were confused and inconvenienced by the services that were not yet completely established. To improve this situation, it is thought that institutional complements including development of a service standardization manual would be helpful.
Complement System Proteins ; Hope ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Methods ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Staff ; Nursing ; Primary Nursing ; Qualitative Research

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide basic evidence to improve community health nursing practice education by analyzing the current status of actual operation, program outcomes and evaluation methods, and the level of achieving learning goals. METHODS: Data were collected through an e-mail survey from 155 professors teaching community health nursing in April 2016. Out of 45 responses in total, 42 cases were used for analysis (response rate 29.0%). RESULTS: Community health nursing practice was a 3-credit course in most of the schools (66.7%) and included a practice at public health centers without exception. The most common diagnosis classification system was OMAHA (81.0%). The core fundamental nursing skills evaluated during the practice were subcutaneous injection, vital signs, oral administration, and intradermal injection. Among the subjects of community health nursing practice, the area with the highest potential for achieving learning goals was primary health care provision (4.4/5) and the area with the lowest potential was disaster management (2.4/5). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that there would be active efforts to complement and improve several problems of the community health nursing practice among the community health nursing practice instructors for more effective and qualitative community health nursing practice.
Administration, Oral ; Classification ; Community Health Nursing* ; Complement System Proteins ; Diagnosis ; Disasters ; Education* ; Education, Nursing ; Electronic Mail ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Learning ; Nursing ; Primary Health Care ; Public Health ; Public Health Practice ; Vital Signs