Objective: To examine the effective and safe outcomes of drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty for the treatment of femoropopliteal long lesions in mid-term and long-term follow-up. Methods: The clinical data of 114 patients with symptomatic (Rutherford 2 to 6) femoropopliteal long lesions who underwent angioplasty with DCB between June 2016 and May 2021 at Department of Vascular Surgery,Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 75 males and 39 females were enrolled, aged (71.9±8.4)years (range: 49 to 89 years). Among 138 lesions in 114 patients, there were 111 de nove lesions (80.4%, 111/138). Total occlusions were recanalized in 116 limbs (84.1%, 116/138). The lesion length was (280.9±78.7)mm (range: 150 to 520 mm). DCB angioplasty combined with debulking devices was used in 59 lesions (42.8%, 59/138).The bail-out stent implantation was performed in 27 limbs (19.6%, 27/138). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate cumulative primary patency rate, freedom from the clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) rate and accumulate survival rate. Univariate and multivariate analyses with Cox proportional hazards models were performed to determine the significant prognostic factors for primary patency. Results: DCB angioplasty was completed in 114 patients. The technical success rate was 98.2%(112/114). The mean follow-up time was 18 months (range: 3 to 54 months).The results showed that primary patency rates at 12, 24 and 36 months postoperatively were 87.5%, 75.2% and 55.1%, respectively. Freedom from CD-TLR rate at 12, 24 and 36 months postoperatively were 92.4%, 81.8% and 68.7%, respectively. Accumulate survival rate at 12, 24 and 36 months postoperatively were 96.2%, 94.0% and 80.2%. Multivariate Cox's regression analyses showed that chronic limb-threatening ischemia(CLTI) (HR=2.629, 95%CI:1.519 to 4.547, P<0.01) and hyperlipidemia (HR=2.228, 95%CI: 1.004 to 4.948, P=0.026) were independent prognosis factors for primary patency in DCB treatment of femoropopliteal long lesions. Conclusions: DCB provided favorable outcomes for the treatment of femoropopliteal long lesions. CLTI and hyperlipidemia are independent prognosis factors for restenosis after DCB angioplasty.
Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; Humans ; Male ; Peripheral Arterial Disease ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Popliteal Artery ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Patency

Objective: To analyze the treatment and clinical prognosis of lower extremity arterial injury caused by trauma. Methods: The clinical data of 77 patients with traumatic lower extremity arterial injury admitted to Department of Vascular Surgery,Yichang Central People's Hospital from January 2013 to June 2021 were collected retrospectively. There were 65 males and 12 females, with an average age of 47.4 years (range: 7 to 75 years). Among the 77 patients, 56 cases (72.7%) had open injury and 21 cases (27.3%) had closed injury. Iliac artery was injured in 9 cases (11.7%), common femoral artery in 7 cases (9.1%), superficial femoral artery in 1 case (1.3%), popliteal artery in 11 cases (14.3%) and inferior knee artery in 49 cases (63.6%). The treatment methods and clinical effects were analyzed. Results: One case with pelvic fracture combined the internal iliac artery injury and 1 case with multiple injuries involving the common femoral artery died of circulatory failure before surgery. Seventy-five cases received vascular-related operations, including arterial ligation in 24 cases, arterial reconstruction in 40 cases, stent graft implantation in 1 case, primary amputation in 2 cases, and arterial embolization in 8 cases. The overall mortality rate was 6.5% (5/77), all of which were closed injuries. Except for 2 cases who died before surgery, 3 cases with pelvic fracture combined the internal iliac artery injury died of multiple organ failure after internal iliac artery embolization. There were 8 cases received amputation (10.4%, 8/77), 5 cases with closed injury and 3 cases with open injury. In addition to 2 cases with primary amputation, 6 cases underwent secondary amputation due to ischemia-reperfusion injury after revascularization (4 cases with popliteal artery injury and 2 cases with subpatellar artery injury). The average followed-up time was 17 months (range: 2 months to 8 years). One patient with femoral artery injury underwent autologous great saphenous vein bypass, and lower limb artery CT angiography was re-examined 6 months after the operation, and 30% distal anastomotic stenosis was found. Ankle brachial index<0.8 was found in two patients 1 year after popliteal artery repair, but none of the patients had intermittent claudication symptoms, and no further intervention was performed. Five patients suffered delayed healing due to severe lower limb injury, fracture and skin injury. Among them, 2 cases had poor wound healing at the stump of amputation, which gradually healed 3 to 5 months after several debridements. The other 3 vascular injury combined with tibial fracture patients had delayed tibial healing after surgery, but no symptoms of vascular ischemia occurred. All the other patients recovered well and no other serious complications occurred. Conclusions: The proportion of death and disability in patients with lower limb artery injury caused by trauma is high. Active and orderly surgical repair according to the site and type of injury can reduce the mortality, save the function of the affected limb, and promote the healing of injury.
Amputation ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Popliteal Artery/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular System Injuries/surgery*

Atherosclerosis-related diseases have increasingly become health concerns with the increased living conditions and aging.Globally,about 200 million people have suffered from arteriosclerosis obliterans(ASO),which can even be life-threatening in some cases.The past seven decades have witnessed the rapid advances in the treatment of ASO,which has developed from surgery to endovascular interventions including plain balloon angioplasty,bare metal stent placement,drug-coated balloon,and drug-eluting stent.However,the roles of these new techniques for femoral-popliteal lesions,especially their real-world clinical outcomes and indications,remain unclear.This article reviews the latest evidences on the use of drug-eluting devices in treating femoral-popliteal arteriosclerosis obliterans.
Angioplasty, Balloon ; Arteriosclerosis Obliterans ; therapy ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; trends ; Humans ; Popliteal Artery ; pathology ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: The Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee (IPACK) block is a new anesthesiologist- administered analgesic technique for controlling posterior knee pain that has not yet been well studied in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. We compared pain outcomes in TKA patients before and after implementation of the IPACK with the hypothesis that patients receiving IPACK blocks will report lower pain scores on postoperative day (POD) 0 than non-IPACK patients. METHODS: With Institutional Review Board approval, we retrospectively reviewed data for consecutive TKA patients by a single surgeon 4 months before (PRE) and after (POST) IPACK implementation. All TKA patients received adductor canal catheters and peri-operative multimodal analgesia. The primary outcome was pain on POD 0. Other outcomes were daily pain scores, opioid consumption, ambulation distance, length of stay, and adverse events within 30 days. RESULTS: Post-implementation, 48/50 (96%) of TKA patients received an IPACK block, and they were compared with 32 patients in the PRE group. On POD 0, the lowest pain score (median [10th–90th percentiles]) was significantly lower for the POST group compared to the PRE group (0 [0–4.3] vs. 2.5 [0–7]; P = 0.003). The highest patient-reported pain scores on any POD were similar between groups with no differences in other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Within a multimodal analgesic protocol, addition of IPACK blocks decreased the lowest pain scores on POD 0. Although other outcomes were unchanged, there may be a role for new opioid-sparing analgesic techniques, and changing clinical practice change can occur rapidly.
Analgesia ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Catheters ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Humans ; Knee ; Length of Stay ; Popliteal Artery ; Retrospective Studies ; Walking

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the optimal location of local anesthetic injection in the interspace between the popliteal artery and posterior capsule of the knee (iPACK), using the anatomical pattern of the articular branch of tibial nerve (ABTN). We hypothesized that injection at the level of ABTN forming a popliteal plexus would mainly spread throughout the popliteal fossa without contacting the tibial or peroneal nerves. METHODS: The anatomical study included 30 soft cadavers. Ultrasound-guided dye injection was performed in legs of 10 cadavers after identifying the position of the ABTN and surrounding structures, followed by dissection to assess its spread. Clinical study was conducted in 15 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with ultrasound-guided injection in the iPACK. All patients also received continuous adductor canal block. Sensorimotor function of the tibial and common peroneal nerves was determined. RESULTS: In the distal portion of the popliteal fossa, the tibial nerve and popliteal vessels ran superficially and closely together. The trajectory of ABTN ran lateral to the popliteal vasculature, forming a plexus towards the posterior capsule of the knee below the medial side of the upper edge of lateral femoral condyle. In cadavers, the ABTN and surrounding area of the popliteal plexus were stained with dye after injection. In the clinical study, no patients experienced complete motor or sensory blocks. CONCLUSIONS: We described a modified iPACK technique injection at the level of the ABTN forming the popliteal plexus, and it may constitute an optional anesthetic regimen to promote early ambulation following TKA.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Cadaver ; Clinical Study ; Early Ambulation ; Humans ; Knee ; Leg ; Pain, Postoperative ; Peroneal Nerve ; Popliteal Artery ; Tibial Nerve

Giant popliteal artery aneurysm is an uncommon entity. If untreated, it results in life-threatening complications. It is usually seen in older patients (over 60 years of age), and atherosclerotic disease is its main cause. Few cases have been reported in young adults, and its incidence in teenagers is exceptionally rare, with scarce case reports in the literature. We report a case of left popliteal artery aneurysm in a 16-year-old and its successful surgical treatment through resection and repair with a synthetic interposition graft.
Adolescent ; Aneurysm ; Humans ; Incidence ; Popliteal Artery ; Transplants ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The clinical characteristics and results of femoropopliteal artery injury (FPAI) remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the outcomes and risk factors of limb loss in patients treated for FPAI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data from a database of patients who underwent revascularization for an FPAI at a single institution between January 2013 and December 2017. We reviewed and analyzed the characteristics, postoperative results, and factors that influence amputation rates. RESULTS: Twenty-four femoropopliteal arterial reconstructions in 24 patients were included in this study. Among the patients were 20 (83.3%) male with a first-quartile age of 28 years and a third-quartile age of 45 years (range, 15–68 years). The mean injury severity score (ISS) was 16 (range, 4–55), and 5 patients (20.8%) had ISSs of >20 points. The mean mangled extremity severity score (MESS) was 3.8 (range, 1–11), and 8 patients (33.3%) had MESSs of >5 points. In terms of arterial reconstruction methods, autogenous saphenous vein grafting, vein patching, and primary closure were performed in 9 patients (37.5%), 4 patients (16.7%), and 11 patients (45.8%), respectively. Despite arterial reconstruction, 5 patients (20.8%) underwent above-knee amputation. ISSs of >20, MESSs of >7, and orthopedic fixation were statistically significant factors associated with amputation. CONCLUSION: In cases of FPAI with ISSs of >20, MESSs of >7, and orthopedic fixation, amputations should be considered. We were also careful to attempt limb salvage in such cases.
Amputation ; Amputation, Traumatic ; Arteries ; Extremities ; Femoral Artery ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Limb Salvage ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Popliteal Artery ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Saphenous Vein ; Transplants ; Vascular System Injuries ; Veins

A 58-year-old male patient with severe claudication due to thrombosis of the left ilio-femoro-popliteal artery aneurysm. He also had a venous stasis ulcer with a history of multiple embolotherapy of arteriovenous malformation. Duplex sonography revealed reflux and varicose veins of the left great saphenous vein (GSV). A sequential bypass surgery was performed that consisted of excision of the left external iliac and common femoral artery aneurysm, external iliac to deep femoral interposition with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft, and femoro-posterior tibial artery bypass with the reversed left GSV. Symptoms of claudication were alleviated and the chronic ulcer was healed in time. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful bypass in a patient with arterial aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, and venous insufficiency that can be diagnosed as an atypical case of Parkes Weber syndrome. Long-term follow-up is needed to define the fate of aneurysms and varicose vein graft.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Femoral Artery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Popliteal Artery ; Saphenous Vein ; Sturge-Weber Syndrome ; Thrombosis ; Tibial Arteries ; Transplants ; Ulcer ; Varicose Ulcer ; Varicose Veins ; Venous Insufficiency

More than 700 adventitial cystic diseases (ACDs) have been reported in the literature, with most cases affecting the popliteal artery in young men. Here, we describe our treatment and etiologic consideration of a patient who presented with an ACD of the external iliac artery, known to be an extremely rare location. On preoperative imaging, the ACD had a connection to the nearby hip joint and was treated with resection of the affected segment, including ligation of the joint connection and interposition with a prosthetic graft. The pathogenesis of ACDs is not fully understood; however, we believe that joint connections are important in their development and treatment.
Adventitia ; Hip Joint ; Hip ; Humans ; Iliac Artery ; Joints ; Ligation ; Male ; Popliteal Artery ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Intermittent Claudication ; Popliteal Artery