OBJECTIVES: To explore the risk factors for hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in children with β-thalassemia major (TM) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 247 children with TM who underwent allo-HSCT at Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 2021 to November 2022. The children were divided into an HC group (91 cases) and a non-HC group (156 cases) based on whether HC occurred after operation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for HC, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the predictive efficacy of related factors for HC. RESULTS: Among the 247 TM patients who underwent allo-HSCT, the incidence of HC was 36.8% (91/247). Univariate analysis showed age, incompatible blood types between donors and recipients, occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), positive urine BK virus deoxyribonucleic acid (BKV-DNA), and ≥2 viral infections were associated with the development of HC after allo-HSCT (P<0.05). Multivariable analysis revealed that incompatible blood types between donors and recipients (OR=3.171, 95%CI: 1.538-6.539), occurrence of aGVHD (OR=2.581, 95%CI: 1.125-5.918), and positive urine BKV-DNA (OR=21.878, 95%CI: 9.633-49.687) were independent risk factors for HC in children with TM who underwent allo-HSCT. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that positive urine BKV-DNA alone or in combination with two other risk factors (occurrence of aGVHD, incompatible blood types between donors and recipients) had a certain accuracy in predicting the development of HC after allo-HSCT (area under the curve >0.8, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Incompatible blood types between donors and recipients, occurrence of aGVHD, and positive urine BKV-DNA are risk factors for HC after allo-HSCT in children with TM. Regular monitoring of urine BKV-DNA has a positive significance for early diagnosis and treatment of HC.
Humans ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; beta-Thalassemia/therapy* ; Cystitis/epidemiology* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects* ; Risk Factors ; Hemorrhage/etiology* ; Graft vs Host Disease/complications* ; DNA ; Polyomavirus Infections/epidemiology*

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; DNA ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Humans ; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal ; Polyomavirus

BACKGROUND: BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVN) is an important cause of chronic allograft dysfunction. The objective of our study was to evaluate the prognosis of BKVN. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 133 renal transplant recipients with BKVN treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University between July 2007 and July 2017. BK viral loads, graft function, and pathologic indexes were compared between initial diagnosis and last follow-up. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up period of 14.4 (range, 0.3-109.6) months after diagnosis of BKVN, BK viruria, and BK viremia become negative in 19.5% and 90.2% of patients, respectively. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at last follow-up was lower than at diagnosis of BKVN (18.3 ± 9.2 vs. 32.8 ± 20.6 mL·min·1.73 m, t = 7.426, P < 0.001). Eight (6.0%) patients developed acute rejection after reducing immunosuppression. At last follow-up, the eGFR was significantly lower in patients with subsequent rejection than those without (21.6 ± 9.8 vs. 33.5 ± 20.9 mL·min·1.73 m, t = 3.034, P = 0.011). In 65 repeat biopsies, SV40-T antigen staining remained positive in 40 patients and became negative in the other 20 patients. The eGFR (42.6 ± 14.3 vs. 26.5 ± 12.3 mL·min·1.73 m), urine viral loads (median, 1.3 × 10vs. 1.4 × 10 copies/mL), and plasma viral load (median, 0 vs. 0 copies/mL) were all significantly lower in patients with negative SV40-T antigen staining than those with persistent BK involvement (all, P < 0.05). Five (3.8%) recipients lost their graft at diagnosis of BKVN, and 13 (9.8%) lost their graft during the follow-up period. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year graft survival rates after diagnosis of BKVN were 99.2%, 90.7%, and 85.7%, respectively. Higher pathologic stage correlated with lower allograft survival rate (χ = 6.341, P = 0.042). CONCLUSION Secondary rejection and persistent histologic infection in BKVN lead to poor prognosis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; BK Virus ; Child ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Graft Rejection ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; complications ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyomavirus Infections ; complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Viral Load ; Viremia ; complications ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of BK polymavirus (BKV) infection and the optimal time window for intervention in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and treatment regimens in 226 KTRs in our center between January, 2013 and January, 2018. Among the recipients, 157 had a urine BKV load ≥1.0×10 copy/mL after transplantation, and 69 had a urine BKV load below 1.0×10 copy/mL (control group). RESULTS: Among the 157 KTRs, 60 (38.2%) recipients were positive for urine BKV, 66 (42.0%) had BKV viruria, and 31(19.7%) had BKV viremia. The incidence of positive urine occult blood was significantly higher in BKV-positive recipients than in the control group ( < 0.05). The change of urine BKV load was linearly related to that of Tacrolimus trough blood level (=0.351, < 0.05). In urine BKV positive group, the average estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was below the baseline level (60 mL·min·1.73 m) upon diagnosis of BKV infection reactivation, and recovered the normal level after intervention. In patients with BKV viruria and viremia, the average eGFR failed to return to the baseline level in spite of improvement of the renal function after intervention. CONCLUSIONS Positive urine occult blood after transplantation may be associated with BKV infection reactivation in some of the KTRs. BKV infection is sensitive to changes of plasma concentration of immunosuppressive agents. Early intervention of BKV replication in KTRs with appropriate dose reduction for immunosuppression can help to control virus replication and stabilize the allograft function.
BK Virus ; physiology ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Polyomavirus Infections ; virology ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplant Recipients ; Tumor Virus Infections ; virology ; Viral Load ; Virus Replication

BACKGROUND: Polyomavirus BK (BKV) infection is an important cause of graft loss in kidney transplant patients.PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical findings and risk factors for BKV in pediatric patients after kidney transplantation.METHODS: This retrospective single-center study included 31 pediatric kidney transplant recipients from January 2002 to December 2017. Two patients received 2 transplantations during the study period, and each transplant was analyzed independently. Total number of cases is 33 cases with 31 patients. BKV infection was confirmed from blood samples via periodic quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: The mean age at kidney transplantation was 11.0±4.7 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 2.7:1. Three patients had a past medical history of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation for solid tumors. Nine patients (27.3%) developed BKV infection. The median period from kidney transplantation to BKV detection in blood was 5.6 months. There was no statistically significant difference in estimated glomerular filtration rate between patients with and those without BKV infection. Among 9 patients with BKV viremia, 7 were treated by reducing their immunosuppressant dose, and BKV was cleared in 6 of these 7 patients. In the other 2 BKV-positive patients, viremia improved without immunosuppressant reduction.CONCLUSION: BKV infection is common in children with kidney transplantation and might not have affected short-term renal function in our patient sample due to early immunosuppressant reduction at the time of BKV detection.
BK Virus ; Child ; Drug Therapy ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kidney ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polyomavirus ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Transplant Recipients ; Transplants ; Viremia

OBJECTIVES: John Cunningham virus (JCV) is a polyoma virus that infects humans, mainly in childhood or adolescence, and presents no symptomatic manifestations. JCV can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in immunosuppressed individuals, including those undergoing treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). PML is a severe and potentially fatal disease of the brain. The prevalence of JCV antibodies in human serum has been reported to be between 50.0 and 90.0%. The aim of the present study was to review worldwide data on populations of patients with MS and NMO in order to establish the rates of JCV seropositivity in these individuals. METHODS: The present review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and used the following search terms: “JCV” OR “JC virus” AND “multiple sclerosis” OR “MS” OR “NMO” OR “neuromyelitis optica” AND “prevalence.” These terms were searched for both in smaller and in larger clusters of words. The databases searched included PubMed, MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, Google Scholar, and Embase. RESULTS: After the initial selection, 18 papers were included in the review. These articles reported the prevalence of JCV antibodies in the serum of patients with MS or NMO living in 26 countries. The systematic review identified data on 29,319 patients with MS/NMO and found that 57.1% of them (16,730 individuals) were seropositive for the anti-JCV antibody (range, 40.0 to 69.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The median worldwide prevalence of JCV among adults with MS or NMO was found to be 57.1%.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies ; Brain ; Humans ; JC Virus* ; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal ; Multiple Sclerosis* ; Natalizumab ; Neuromyelitis Optica* ; Polyomavirus ; Prevalence*

Goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV) is not a naturally occurring infection in geese in China; however, GHPV infection has been identified in Pekin ducks, a domestic duck species. Herein, we investigated the prevalence of GHPV in five domestic duck species (Liancheng white ducks, Putian black ducks, Shan Sheldrake, Shaoxing duck, and Jinyun Sheldrake) in China. We determined that the Jinyun Sheldrake duck species could be infected by GHPV with no clinical signs, whereas no infection was identified in the other four duck species. We sequenced the complete genome of the Jinyun Sheldrake origin GHPV. Genomic data comparison suggested that GHPVs share a conserved genomic structure, regardless of the host (duck or geese) or region (Asia or Europe). Jinyun Sheldrake origin GHPV genomic characterization and epidemiological studies will increase our understanding of potential heterologous reservoirs of GHPV.
China ; Ducks ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Geese ; Genome ; Polyomavirus ; Prevalence

BK virus infection is one of the common complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT), which is also one of the reasons of the hemorrhagic cystitis．In recent years, although there are more studies of the risk factors related with human BK virus infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the risk factors related with BKV-associated hemorrhagio cystitis(BKV-HC) remain to be elucidated. Diagnosis of BK virus infection is mainly based on quantitative PCR of blood or urine. An effective strategy for treatment of these patients is the adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes specific to virus-associated antigens. In this review, the progressis of diagnosis and treatment of BK virus infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are briefly summarized.
BK Virus ; Cystitis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Polyomavirus Infections ; Tumor Virus Infections

OBJECTIVE: To establish a cell lines for quality control of prenatal genetic diagnosis. METHODS: The recombined SV40LTag-pcDNA3.1(-) vector was constructed and transfected by lipidosome into human amniotic fluid cells with common aneuploidy. Positive clones were screened by G418, and the immortality of transfected cell line was identified. RESULTS: Cell line with karyotype of 46, XY, t(8;19)(q24.3;q13.1) from primary amniotic fluid cells was established. Karyotype analytical results indicated that the cell line at its 15th generation maintained the same karyotype of its primary cell. CONCLUSIONS Gene can lead to immortality of amniotic fluid cells, which contributes to preparing cell lines for internal and external quality control in prenatal genetic diagnosis.
Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming ; genetics ; Cell Line ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods ; Quality Control ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVES: John Cunningham virus (JCV) is a polyoma virus that infects humans, mainly in childhood or adolescence, and presents no symptomatic manifestations. JCV can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in immunosuppressed individuals, including those undergoing treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). PML is a severe and potentially fatal disease of the brain. The prevalence of JCV antibodies in human serum has been reported to be between 50.0 and 90.0%. The aim of the present study was to review worldwide data on populations of patients with MS and NMO in order to establish the rates of JCV seropositivity in these individuals.METHODS: The present review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and used the following search terms: “JCV” OR “JC virus” AND “multiple sclerosis” OR “MS” OR “NMO” OR “neuromyelitis optica” AND “prevalence.” These terms were searched for both in smaller and in larger clusters of words. The databases searched included PubMed, MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, Google Scholar, and Embase.RESULTS: After the initial selection, 18 papers were included in the review. These articles reported the prevalence of JCV antibodies in the serum of patients with MS or NMO living in 26 countries. The systematic review identified data on 29,319 patients with MS/NMO and found that 57.1% of them (16,730 individuals) were seropositive for the anti-JCV antibody (range, 40.0 to 69.0%).CONCLUSIONS: The median worldwide prevalence of JCV among adults with MS or NMO was found to be 57.1%.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies ; Brain ; Humans ; JC Virus ; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Natalizumab ; Neuromyelitis Optica ; Polyomavirus ; Prevalence