No abstract available.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Dystonia ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Schizophrenia

No abstract available.
Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Parkinson Disease

No abstract available.
Hernia, Abdominal ; Herpes Zoster

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a painful ophthalmoplegia due to nonspecific granulomatous inflammation in the cavernous sinus. A 16-year-old man developed Tolosa-Hunt syndrome accompanied by facial nerve palsy. MRI showed an inflammatory lesion in the cavernous sinus with gadolinium enhancement. This rare presentation suggests that Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a localized form of idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis.
Adolescent ; Cavernous Sinus ; Facial Nerve ; Gadolinium ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Paralysis ; Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Carbamazepine (CBZ) may alter the secretion of prolactin (PRL), however, there is no report about hyperprolactinemia with galactorrhea induced by CBZ medication. A 30-year-old woman presented with galactorrhea. She had been treated with CBZ for three years and hormonal study revealed increased serum PRL levels. Sella MRI showed no evidence of pituitary lesion. Two months after changing CBZ to oxcarbazepine, galatorrhea was improved and the serum PRL level was normalized.
Adult ; Carbamazepine* ; Female ; Galactorrhea* ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pregnancy ; Prolactin

A 58-years-old man came to the hospital because of progressive intellectual deterioration, gait disturbance and postural instability for 6 months. Neuropsychological tests showed severe impairment of memory and executive functions, and dural arteriovenous fistula of the superior sagittal sinus (dAVF of SSS) was found on brain MRI and angiography. The symptoms were markedly improved after selective transvascular embolization treatments. Even though the dAVF of SSS is a rare cause of dementia, we suggest that it can be one of the treatable causes of dementia.
Angiography ; Brain ; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations* ; Dementia* ; Executive Function ; Gait ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Superior Sagittal Sinus*

Leigh syndrome (LS) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disorder caused by metabolic defects affecting lactate/pyruvate metabolism. The consequence of the metabolic defects are decreased amounts of APT and basic cell energy productions of the nervous system. In LS, several mutations have been reported in both the nuclear and the mitochondrial genome. Here, we report a 26-year-old woman clinically diagnosed with LS having characteristic brain MR and MRS abnormalities but without known definite pathogenetic mitochondrial DNA mutations.
Adult ; Brain ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Female ; Genome, Mitochondrial ; Humans ; Leigh Disease* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Metabolism ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Nervous System

Segmental myoclonus can be seen in variable lesions of the brainstem or spinal cord, but the pathophysiology of the segmental myoclonus is not fully defined yet. We describe three patients with delayed developed and chronically persisted involuntary movement restricted to one arm after mild cervical injury. Myoclonus developed 1 month later in 2 patients and the other 5 months later after the injury. They suffered from myoclonus for more than 2 months, 1 year, and 25 years, respectively. Clonazepam and phenytoin were tried, but not satisfactory.
Arm ; Brain Stem ; Clonazepam ; Dyskinesias ; Humans ; Myoclonus* ; Phenytoin ; Spinal Cord

Segmental myoclonus can be seen in variable lesions of the brainstem or spinal cord, but the pathophysiology of the segmental myoclonus is not fully defined yet. We describe three patients with delayed developed and chronically persisted involuntary movement restricted to one arm after mild cervical injury. Myoclonus developed 1 month later in 2 patients and the other 5 months later after the injury. They suffered from myoclonus for more than 2 months, 1 year, and 25 years, respectively. Clonazepam and phenytoin were tried, but not satisfactory.
Arm ; Brain Stem ; Clonazepam ; Dyskinesias ; Humans ; Myoclonus* ; Phenytoin ; Spinal Cord

The human rabies is a fatal infectious disease invading the central nervous system. There are many cases of clinically suspicious human rabies encephalitis in Korea since 1906. A 53-year old man was admitted to the Department of Neurology because of rapidly progressive dysphagia. His sputum was examined and the rabies virus was found by the polymerase chain reaction technique. So we report a case of human rabies encephalitis confirmed by detection of the rabies virus from his saliva.
Central Nervous System ; Communicable Diseases ; Deglutition Disorders ; Encephalitis ; Humans* ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Neurology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Rabies virus ; Rabies* ; Saliva ; Sputum