Background::Due to the wide variety of morphology, size, and dynamics, selecting an optimal valve size and location poses great difficulty in percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI). This study aimed to report our experience with in vitro bench testing using patient-specific three-dimensional (3D)-printed models for planning PPVI with the Venus P-valve. Methods::Patient-specific 3D soft models were generated using PolyJet printing with a compliant synthetic material in 15 patients scheduled to undergo PPVI between July 2018 and July 2020 in Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University.Results::3D model bench testing altered treatment strategy in all patients (100%). One patient was referred for surgery because testing revealed that even the largest Venus P-valve would not anchor properly. In the remaining 14 patients, valve size and/or implantation location was altered to avoid valve migration and/or compression coronary artery. In four patients, it was decided to change the point anchoring because of inverted cone-shaped right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) ( n = 2) or risk of compression coronary artery ( n = 2). Concerning sizing, we found that an oversize of 2-5 mm suffices. Anchoring of the valve was dictated by the flaring of the in- and outflow portion in the pulmonary artery. PPVI was successful in all 14 patients (absence of valve migration, no coronary compression, and none-to-mild residual pulmonary regurgitation [PR]). The diameter of the Venus P-valve in the 3D simulation group was significantly smaller than that of the conventional planning group (36 [2] vs. 32 [4], Z = -3.77, P <0.001). Conclusions::In vitro testing indicated no need to oversize the Venus P-valve to the degree recommended by the balloon-sizing technique, as 2-5 mm sufficed.

Endovascular neurointervention is typically performed with iodinated contrast medium (ICM) under fluoroscopy. However, some patients may be contraindicated to such procedures based on their sensitivity to ICM. In this report, we describe a case of successful coil embolization of a direct carotid cavernous fistula using angiography with gadolinium-based contrast agents in a patient with severe allergic reaction to ICM. The clinical decision-making for this patient was further complicated by comorbidities of renal impairment, drug allergies, and previously severe gastrointestinal bleeding.

As a major innovation in macular surgery over the past 30 years,internal limiting membrane peeling has now become standard operation after all-round improvements. However, how to achieve optimal response and avoid poor prognosis by peeling the internal limiting membrane, which is the basement membrane of the Müller cells representing the structural interface between retina and vitreous, still needs to be explored. Prof. Peter Wiedemann, the co-editor-in-chief of our journal, in view of his long-term outstanding contributions to retinal surgery and the important progress his team has made in foveal regeneration, wrote this review with a special invitation. He gladly completed this article in 2wk, which is comprehensive, outlined, insightful, concise and shining with wisdom. It summarizes the history, rationale, techniques, indications, size and adverse outcomes of internal limiting membrane peeling and the surgery for refractory macular hole. It not only affirms current cognition, but raises existing problems, which are worthy reading and reflecting, so it was translated for readers' convenience.

Gene Ontology(GO)has been widely used to annotate functions of genes and gene prod-ucts.Here,we proposed a new method,TripletGO,to deduce GO terms of protein-coding and non-coding genes,through the integration of four complementary pipelines built on transcript expression profile,genetic sequence alignment,protein sequence alignment,and naive probability.TripletGO was tested on a large set of 5754 genes from 8 species(human,mouse,Arabidopsis,rat,fly,budding yeast,fission yeast,and nematoda)and 2433 proteins with available expression data from the third Critical Assessment of Protein Function Annotation challenge(CAFA3).Experimental results show that TripletGO achieves function annotation accuracy significantly beyond the current state-of-the-art approaches.Detailed analyses show that the major advantage of TripletGO lies in the coupling of a new triplet network-based profiling method with the feature space mapping technique,which can accurately recognize function patterns from transcript expression profiles.Meanwhile,the combination of multiple complementary models,especially those from transcript expression and protein-level alignments,improves the coverage and accuracy of the final GO anno-tation results.The standalone package and an online server of TripletGO are freely available at https://zhanggroup.org/TripletGO/.