Tuberculous peritonitis(TBP)is currently one of the common manifestations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.Due to the atypical clinical features,diverse types of diseases to be distinguished,and limited detection methods,TBP is difficult to be diagnosed and the fatality caused by delayed diagnosis increases significantly.We studied the current research status of TBP and found that T cells spot test,abdominal CT,and laparoscopic biopsy were of high diagnostic value for TBP.However,the application of ascites Xpert-MTB/RIF-ultra assay,ascites ADA,and whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography remained to be studied.Serum CA125 helps to judge the efficacy of anti-tuberculosis treatment.
Ascites ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Peritonitis, Tuberculous/diagnosis* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis*

Perihepatic capsulitis is associated with various diseases, such as Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, perforated cholecystitis, perforated hepatic abscess, and tuberculous peritonitis. Miliary tuberculosis is present in about 2% of all reported cases of tuberculosis and is characterized by the widespread millet-like hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We describe a 24-year-old virgin patient presenting with right upper quadrant and costovertebral angle pain. Diffuse perihepatic capsular enhancement was observed in abdominal computed tomography scans. Chest radiography showed miliary tuberculosis, and a polymerase chain reaction hybridization assay of sputum revealed the presence of M. tuberculosis. Symptoms improved after administering anti-tuberculosis medications. This report describes a rare case of miliary tuberculosis accompanying perihepatitis.
Cholecystitis ; Humans ; Liver Abscess ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Peritonitis, Tuberculous ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Radiography ; Sputum ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Miliary ; Young Adult

A differential diagnosis of ascites is always challenging for physicians. Peritoneal tuberculosis is particularly difficult to distinguish from peritoneal carcinomatosis because of the similarities in clinical manifestations and laboratory results. Although the definitive diagnostic method for ascites is to take a biopsy of the involved tissues through laparoscopy or laparotomy, there are many limitations in performing biopsies in clinical practice. For this reason, physicians have attempted to find surrogate markers that can substitute for a biopsy as a confirmative diagnostic method for ascites. CA 125, which is known as a tumor marker for gynecological malignancies, has been reported to be a biochemical indicator for peritoneal tuberculosis. On the other hand, the sensitivity of serum CA 125 is low, and CA 125 may be elevated due to other benign or malignant conditions. This paper reports the case of a 66-year-old male who had a moderate amount of ascites and complained of dyspepsia and a febrile sensation. His abdominal CT scans revealed a conglomerated mass, diffuse omental infiltration, and peritoneal wall thickening. Initially, peritoneal tuberculosis was suspected due to the clinical symptoms, CT findings, and high serum CA 125 levels, but non-specific malignant cells were detected on cytology of the ascitic fluid. Finally, he was diagnosed with primary malignant peritoneal mesothelioma after undergoing a laparoscopic biopsy.
Aged ; Ascites ; Ascitic Fluid ; Biomarkers ; Biopsy ; CA-125 Antigen ; Carcinoma ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dyspepsia ; Hand ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Male ; Mesothelioma ; Methods ; Peritoneum ; Peritonitis, Tuberculous ; Sensation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A differential diagnosis of ascites is always challenging for physicians. Peritoneal tuberculosis is particularly difficult to distinguish from peritoneal carcinomatosis because of the similarities in clinical manifestations and laboratory results. Although the definitive diagnostic method for ascites is to take a biopsy of the involved tissues through laparoscopy or laparotomy, there are many limitations in performing biopsies in clinical practice. For this reason, physicians have attempted to find surrogate markers that can substitute for a biopsy as a confirmative diagnostic method for ascites. CA 125, which is known as a tumor marker for gynecological malignancies, has been reported to be a biochemical indicator for peritoneal tuberculosis. On the other hand, the sensitivity of serum CA 125 is low, and CA 125 may be elevated due to other benign or malignant conditions. This paper reports the case of a 66-year-old male who had a moderate amount of ascites and complained of dyspepsia and a febrile sensation. His abdominal CT scans revealed a conglomerated mass, diffuse omental infiltration, and peritoneal wall thickening. Initially, peritoneal tuberculosis was suspected due to the clinical symptoms, CT findings, and high serum CA 125 levels, but non-specific malignant cells were detected on cytology of the ascitic fluid. Finally, he was diagnosed with primary malignant peritoneal mesothelioma after undergoing a laparoscopic biopsy.
Aged ; Ascites ; Ascitic Fluid ; Biomarkers ; Biopsy ; CA-125 Antigen ; Carcinoma ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dyspepsia ; Hand ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Male ; Mesothelioma ; Methods ; Peritoneum ; Peritonitis, Tuberculous ; Sensation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: We report a case of spontaneous recovery of an iris cyst with only tuberculosis medication and conservative eye drops when uveitis and angle closure occurred because of a cyst in a patient with peritoneal tuberculosis. CASE SUMMARY: A 49-year-old female who was diagnosed with iritis and treated with steroid eye drops visited our clinic because of decreased visual acuity 1 month prior. There were anterior chamber inflammation cells and an iris cyst completely obstructing the anterior chamber at 12 o'clock. At the time, the patient had been diagnosed with peritoneal tuberculosis in the Department of Internal Medicine and Gynecology and had been treated with surgery and medication. The patient had no past history of glaucoma, but when the iris cyst developed, the intraocular pressure increased to 29 mmHg and anterior inflammatory cells were seen in the range of +1 to +2. The primary lesion of tuberculosis improved and the iris cyst disappeared with treatments involving medication for tuberculosis, steroid eye drops, and glaucoma eye drops, without invasive treatments such as alcohol curettage, laser treatment, or cyst resection. CONCLUSIONS: If an iris cyst is a new lesion of the eye, it is necessary to identify the pattern and cause of the iris cyst first, and if a secondary benign iris cyst is suspected, the primary treatment of the causative disease is necessary rather than prompt invasive treatment.
Anterior Chamber ; Curettage ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Internal Medicine ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Iritis ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Peritonitis, Tuberculous ; Tuberculosis ; Uveitis ; Visual Acuity

Tuberculous peritonitis in pregnancy is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that is not easily diagnosed. The clinical presentations of tuberculous peritonitis are usually non-specific and mimic those of other diseases, such as ovarian malignancy or chronic liver disease, and this non-specificity can cause diagnostic delays and complications. The authors report the case of a 31-year-old primigravida woman who presented with uncontrolled fever, dyspnea, elevated liver enzymes, and mild abdominal distension at 13+2 weeks of gestation. At 14+2 weeks, a therapeutic abortion was conducted and tuberculous peritonitis was confirmed by laparoscopic excisional biopsy of peritoneal nodules and histopathologic examination. The patient recovered on antituberculosis therapy and abdomen and chest follow up radiographic findings have confirmed improvement.
Abdomen ; Abortion, Therapeutic ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Peritonitis ; Peritonitis, Tuberculous* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First* ; Pregnancy* ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis

The peritoneum is one of the common extrapulmonary sites of tuberculosis infection. Patients with underlying end-stage renal or liver disease are frequently complicated by tuberculous peritonitis; however, the diagnosis of the tuberculous peritonitis is difficult due to its insidious nature, well as its variability in presentation and limitation of available diagnostic tests. Once diagnosed, the preferred treatment is usually antituberculous therapy in uncomplicated cases. However, surgical treatment may also be required for complicated cases, such as small bowel obstruction or perforation. An 85-year-old woman was referred our hospital for abdominal pain with ileus. Despite medical therapy, prolonged ileus and progression to sepsis were shown, she underwent surgery to confirm the diagnosis and relief of mechanical ileus. Intraoperative peritoneal biopsy and macroscopic findings confirmed tuberculous peritonitis. Therefore, physicians should consider the possibility of tuberculous peritonitis in patients with unexplained small bowel obstruction.
Abdominal Pain ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Female ; Humans ; Ileus ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Laparoscopy ; Liver Diseases ; Peritoneum ; Peritonitis, Tuberculous* ; Sepsis ; Tuberculosis

BACKGROUNDTuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide problem. Intestinal TB (ITB) constitutes a major public health problem in developing countries and has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical, radiological, endoscopic, and pathological features of ITB and to define the strategy for establishing the diagnosis.

METHODSA retrospective study (from January 2000 to June 2015) was carried out in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and all hospitalized cases were diagnosed as ITB during the study period were included. The relevant clinical information, laboratory results, microbiological, and radiological investigations were recorded.

RESULTSOf the 85 cases, 61 cases (71.8%) were ranged from 20 to 50 years. The ileocecal region was involved in about 83.5% (71/85) of patients. About 41.2% (35/85) of patients had co-existing extra ITB, especially active pulmonary TB. Abdominal pain (82.4%) was the most common presenting symptom followed by weight loss (72.9%) and fever (64.7%). Both T-cell spot of TB test (T-SPOT.TB) and purified protein derivatives (PPD) tests were performed in 26 patients: 20 (76.9%) positive T-SPOT.TB and 13 (50.0%) positive PPD were detected, with a statistical significant difference (P = 0.046). Twenty cases (23.5%) were histopathology and/or pathogen confirmed TB; 27 cases (31.8%) were diagnosed by clinical manifestation consistent with ITB and evidence of active extra ITB; 38 cases (44.7%) were diagnosed by good response to diagnostic anti-TB therapy.

CONCLUSIONSITB is difficult to diagnose even with modern medical techniques due to its nonspecific clinical and laboratory features. At present, combination of clinical, endoscopic, radiological, and pathological features continues to be the key to the diagnosis of ITB.

Adult ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; methods ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritonitis, Tuberculous ; diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal ; diagnosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; diagnosis ; Young Adult

Some patients have ascites without having liver disease, so it is important to analyze the cause of these ascites. Tuberculous peritonitis is an infectious disease characterized by lymphocyte-dominant exudative ascites. In contrast, myxedema ascites is a very rare disease characterized by a high serum/ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) with hypothyroidism. We herein report a case involving a 48-year-old woman with both diseases simultaneously. She was hospitalized because of massive ascites, generalized edema, and a puffy face. Hypothyroidism was confirmed by thyroid function tests. Her ascitic fluid had a high SAAG; no other specific findings were identified by cytology, culture, or computed tomography. Three months after initiating drug therapy for the hypothyroidism, the patient's systemic edema improved but the ascites recurred. Accordingly, diagnostic laparoscopy was performed, and tuberculous peritonitis was confirmed. As seen in this case, when myxedema ascites is associated with tuberculous peritonitis, an accurate diagnosis may be challenging.
Ascites* ; Ascitic Fluid ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Edema ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Laparoscopy ; Liver Diseases ; Middle Aged ; Myxedema* ; Peritonitis, Tuberculous* ; Rare Diseases ; Thyroid Function Tests

Herein, we report a 39-year-old female patient presenting with gastric cancer and tuberculous peritonitis. The differential diagnosis between advanced gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis and early gastric cancer with peritoneal tuberculosis (TB), and the treatment of these two diseases, were challenging in this case. Physicians should have a high index of suspicion for peritoneal TB if the patient has a history of this disease, especially in areas with a high incidence of TB, such as South Korea. An early diagnosis is critical for patient management and prognosis. A surgical approach including tissue biopsy or laparoscopic exploration is recommended to confirm the diagnosis.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Peritonitis, Tuberculous* ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms*