OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in oral mucositis associated with chemotherapy in hospitalized patients with malignant hematopathy, so as to provide scientific evidences for rational selection of antibiotics and infection prevention and control. METHODS: From July 2020 to June 2022, 167 patients with malignant hematopathy were treated with chemical drugs in the Department of Hematology, Hainan Hospital, and secretions from oral mucosal infected wounds were collected. VITEK2 COMPECT automatic microbial identification system (BioMerieux, France) and bacterial susceptibility card (BioMerieux) were used for bacterial identification and drug susceptibility tests. RESULTS: A total of 352 strains of pathogens were isolated from 167 patients, among which 220 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 118 strains of Gram-negative bacteria and 14 strains of fungi, accounted for 62.50%, 33.52% and 3.98%, respectively. The Gram-positive bacteria was mainly Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, while Gram-negative bacteria was mainly Klebsiella and Proteus. The resistance of main Gram-positive bacteria to vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin was low, and the resistance to penicillin, cefuroxime, ampicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin and levofloxacin was high. The main Gram-negative bacteria had low resistance to gentamicin, imipenem and penicillin, but high resistance to levofloxacin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ampicillin and vancomycin. The clinical data of oral mucositis patients with oral ulcer (severe) and without oral ulcer (mild) were compared, and it was found that there were statistically significant differences in poor oral hygiene, diabetes, sleep duration less than 8 hours per night between two groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Gram-positive bacteria is the main pathogen of oral mucositis in patients with malignant hematopathy after chemotherapy. It is sensitive to glycopeptide antibiotics and aminoglycosides antibiotics. Poor oral hygiene, diabetes and sleep duration less than 8 hours per night are risk factors for oral mucositis with oral ulcer (severe).
Humans ; Vancomycin/therapeutic use* ; Cefuroxime ; Levofloxacin ; Oral Ulcer/drug therapy* ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects* ; Ampicillin ; Penicillins ; Cefotaxime ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Gentamicins ; Stomatitis/drug therapy*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the changes in the pathogen spectrum and antimicrobial resistance over time in neonatal sepsis. METHODS: The medical data were collected from the neonates who were diagnosed with sepsis in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2010 to December 2019. The incidence rate of sepsis, the pathogen spectrum, and the characteristics of antimicrobial resistance were analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence rate of neonatal sepsis was 4.02% (447/11 111). The top four pathogens detected were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Candida. The incidence rate of sepsis and the pathogen spectrum showed no significant changes over time. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequent pathogen in preterm infants, very low birth weight infants, and small-for-gestational-age infants, accounting for 33.9%, 29.5%, and 42.5%, respectively. CoNS, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli had a high resistance rate to penicillins and third-generation cephalosporins. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of neonatal sepsis is high, and the main pathogen is CoNS. The pathogens of neonatal sepsis have a high resistance rate to penicillins and third-generation cephalosporins. It is recommended to enhance the prevention and control of neonatal infection, strengthen the surveillance of pathogens, and further standardize the rational use of antibiotics.
Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Neonatal Sepsis/etiology* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use* ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Infant, Premature ; Sepsis/complications* ; Escherichia coli ; Cephalosporins ; Penicillins

In Republic of Korea, a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV7) was licensed for use in infants in 2003, and 13-valent PCV (PCV13) replaced it since 2010. We investigated trends in serotype distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of pneumococcal isolates from adult patients with invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD). Invasive pneumococcal isolates from adult patients of ≥ 16 years of age were collected from 1997 to 2012. Serotypes of the isolates were determined by the Quellung reaction. Distribution of serotypes was analyzed according to the vaccine types. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by using E-test strips. A total of 272 invasive pneumococcal isolates were included. The most common serotypes were serotype 19F (8.5%, 23/272), and serotype 3 (8.1%, 22/272), and 24.6% (67/272) of the isolates were of non-vaccine serotypes. Of the 272 isolates, 2.6% (7/272) were penicillin MICs of ≥ 4 µg/mL. The proportion of the PCV13 serotypes decreased from 63.3% (50/79) in 1997-2003 to 48.6% (17/35) in 2011-2012, whereas that of non-vaccine serotypes was 26.6% (21/79) and 25.7% (9/35), respectively, for the same periods. The proportion of the PCV13 serotypes showed a decreasing trend among adult patients with IPD over the study period.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Infective Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Ceftriaxone/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Penicillins/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Pneumococcal Infections/drug therapy/*microbiology/mortality ; Republic of Korea ; Serogroup ; Serotyping ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/*drug effects/isolation & purification ; Young Adult

Bacteriology ; history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Penicillins ; history ; therapeutic use ; Philately ; Scotland

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical characteristics, antibiotics sensitivity and outcome of group B streptococcus (GBS) meningitis in neonates in order to provide the guide for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

METHODA retrospective review was performed and a total of 13 cases of neonatal purulent meningitis caused by GBS were identified in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 1, 2005 to May 31, 2013. The clinical characteristics, antibiotics sensitivity test results and outcome were analyzed.

RESULTFever, poor feeding, seizure and lethargy were common clinical signs of neonatal purulent meningitis caused by GBS. Three cases of early onset GBS meningitis received prepartum antibiotics. All 13 cases had abnormal C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and 11 cases had increased CRP within hours after admission. Of the 13 patients, 7 were cured, 4 discharged with improvement, 2 patients died during hospitalization after being given up because of serious complication. The average length of stay for recovered patients was (47 ± 21)d. Acute complications mainly included hyponatremia (5 cases), intracranial hemorrhage (3 cases) , ventriculomegaly (3 cases) , subdural collection (2 cases) , hydrocephalus (2 cases), septic shock (2 cases), cerebral hernia (1 case), encephalomalacia (1 case). One preterm patient with early onset GBS meningitis died 1 month after hospital discharge. Among 7 survivors with 10-24 months follow-up, 3 were early onset GBS meningitis, 2 with normal results of neurologic examination, 1 with delayed motor development, 4 were late onset GBS meningitis, 1 with normal results of neurologic examination, 3 were neurologically impaired with manifestations including delayed motor development (2 cases) and seizures (1 case). All the GBS strains were sensitive to penicillin and linezolid (13/13, 10/10), the susceptibility to levofloxacin, ampicillin and vancomycin were 11/12, 9/10, 8/13 respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe clinical manifestations of neonatal purulent meningitis caused by GBS are usually non-specific. It is associated with long hospitalization, neurological impairments and sequelae. Monitoring of serum CRP level is valuable for early diagnosis. Antepartum prophylaxis, early diagnosis and therapy are vital. Large dose penicillin is the priority choice to treat the neonatal purulent meningitis caused by GBS, linezolid should be used in intractable cases.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Fever ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; etiology ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Penicillins ; therapeutic use ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; Retrospective Studies ; Streptococcal Infections ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Streptococcus agalactiae

OBJECTIVETo observe differences of therapeutic effects among acupuncture bloodletting, penicillin and acupuncture bloodletting combined with penicillin for children acute tonsillitis and providea better treatment method in cli nic.

METHODSSeventy-five mild cases were selected into section of mild symptoms while seventy-five severe cases were selected into section of severe symptoms. Cases in the two sections then were divided into, an acupuncture bloodletting group, a penicillin group and a comprehensive group by random digital table method separately, 25 cases in each one. Qu-chi (LI 11), Hegu (LI 4), Dazhui (GV 14), Shaoshang (LU 11) and Erjian (EX 11) were selected in the acupuncture bloodletting group, intravenous injection of penicillin sodium was applied in the penicillin group and acupuncture bloodletting combined with penicillin was applied in the comprehensive group. Efficacy assessment was conducted after 3 days in the section of mild symptoms and after 5 days in the section of severe symptoms.

RESULTSFor the section of mild symptoms, the total effective rate was 96.0% (24/25) in the comprehensive group and 92.0% (23/25) in the acupuncture bloodletting group, which were both superior to 68. 0% (17/25) in the penicillin group (P<0.05), but no statistical significance was seen between the comprehensive group and acupuncture bloodletting group (P>0.05). For the section of severe symptoms, the total effective rate was 96.0% (24/25) in the comprehensive group, which was obviously superior to 60.0% (15/25) in the acupuncture bloodletting group (P<0.01) and 68.0% (17/25) in the penicillin group (P<0. 05), and no statistical significance was seen between the acupuncture bloodletting group and penicillin group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe efficacy of acupuncture bloodletting combined with penicillin is little different from that of acupuncture bloodletting for treatment of children acute tonsillitis with mild accompanied symptoms, which were both superior to intravenous injection of penicillin sodium. For severe accompanied symptoms, the efficacy of acupuncture bloodletting combined with penicillin is obviously superior to acupuncture bloodletting and penicillin.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Bloodletting ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Penicillins ; therapeutic use ; Tonsillitis ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Factors affecting bacteriological cure rates (BCR) and new intramammary infections (IMI) during the dry period as well as clinical mastitis (CM) during early lactation were investigated in 414 German Holstein dairy cows receiving dry cow therapy. Cows were treated with either benethamine benzylpenicillin (300,000 IU), penethamate hydriodide (100,000 IU), and framycetin sulphate (100 mg, n = 136), or cefquinome (150 mg, n = 135), or benzathine cloxacillin (1,280 mg, n = 143). Overall BCR, IMI, and CM at parturition were 86.4%, 20.7%, and 4.3%, respectively. The three antibiotic treatments differed only in BCR, with cloxacillin yielding better results than the others. Udder quarters from cows with > 4 lactations had a higher risk of IMI and CM at calving. Chronic changes in udder tissues were linked to a lower BCR and were associated with a higher risk of CM during early lactation. The risk of CM at calving was higher in udder quarters with unspecific or subclinical mastitis before drying off. In conclusion, with antibiotic dry cow therapy, age and health status of the udder appear to be major determinants of IMI and CM during the dry period and early lactation, while BCR was associated with the antibiotic type and udder tissue status.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Bacterial Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control/*veterinary ; Cattle ; Cephalosporins/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Female ; Framycetin/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Germany/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Lactation ; Mammary Glands, Animal/*microbiology/physiology ; Mastitis, Bovine/drug therapy/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; Penicillins/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Risk Factors

The clinical syndrome of pneumonia in adults in Port Moresby, the capital city of Papua New Guinea, has changed from the 1970s to the present. The severe lobar pneumonia commonly diagnosed in young adult men, characteristically from Goilala and living in settlements in Port Moresby, is no longer seen. Today pneumonia in adults is likely to be milder and bronchopneumonic in type. Possible explanations for the change include changes in immunity and in the bacteria found in the environment and carried in the nasopharynx of recent immigrants to the city. A change in treatment-seeking behaviour together with the wide availability of oral antibiotics is considered to be the most likely cause of the altered clinical syndrome that we have observed.
Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; Papua New Guinea/epidemiology ; Penicillins/therapeutic use ; Pneumonia/epidemiology ; Pneumonia/therapy ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult.

OBJECTIVETo determine the prevalence of Streptococcus suis and major pathogenic serotypes in middle part of Jiangsu province.

METHODSTonsillar specimens from 303 slaughtered pigs aged 6 to 8 months were investigated for the presence of Streptococcus suis and major pathogenic serotypes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Bacteriological examination compared with molecular genetics identification for three Streptococcus suis isolates were also done.

RESULTSThe overall carrier rate of Streptococcus suis was up to 88.0%, with the percentages of serotype 1(14), 2(1/2), 7 and 9 were 9.6%, 8.5%, 11.3% and 29.5% respectively in 2005. While in 2006, the prevalence of Streptococcus suis was 82.5%, with capsular types 1 (14), 2 (1/2), 7 and 9 were accounted for 17.6%, 2.4%, 25.8% and 20.0% of all the specimens. All the three isolates belonged to Streptococcus suis serotype 2,named 2a, 2f and 14e, which exhibiting the virulent phenotype cps2+/gdh+/mrp-/lepf-/sly-/fbps+/orf2+/89k-, cps2+/lgdh+/mrp-/epf-/sly-/fbps-/orf2-/89k- and cps2+/gdh+/mrp-/epf-/sly-/fbps/orf2-/ respectively. These isolates were all susceptible to amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin and resistant to amikacin and tetraycline. Clinical signs were not noted in BALB/c mice and rabbit.

CONCLUSIONPrevalence of the Streptococcus suis among the healthy herds in the areas was very high, with various capsule types of Streptococcus suis involved in the same herds, and the virulent phenotype of these 3 isolates were very different from those prevalent Streptococcus suis serotype 2 virulent isolates frequently discovered from the epidemic areas.

Amikacin ; therapeutic use ; Amoxicillin ; therapeutic use ; Ampicillin ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Epidemiology ; methods ; Penicillins ; therapeutic use ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Streptococcal Infections ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Streptococcus suis ; classification ; drug effects ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Tetracycline ; therapeutic use ; Virulence

OBJECTIVETo investigate the population biology of Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae carried by healthy children under 5 years of age in Wuhan.

METHODSS. pneumoniae was isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs of healthy children under the age of 5 years (under 5) in Wuhan. The susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents was tested by agar dilution method. The erythromycin resistant genes were detected by using the technique of polymerase chain reaction. The quellung reaction was used for serotyping.

RESULTSThe carrier rate of S. pneumoniae was 22.31% (135/605) in under 5 children in Wuhan. Among the 133 alive strains, the proportion of penicillin non-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PNSSP) was 45.9% (61/133). The susceptibility of S. pneumoniae to the first (cefalexin), the second (cefaclor) and the third (cefixime, cefpodoxime and cetriaxone) generations of cephalosporins was 6.0%, 45.1%, 54.9%, 56.4%, and 88.7%, respectively. None of the strains were found resistant to fluoroquinolones except for one strain which was resistant to ciprofloxacin at low level. The susceptibility to macrolides was low, 14.3% - 15.8%. Among totally 114 strains resistant to erythromycin, the genes ermB alone, both ermB and mefA, and mefA alone were found in 76 strains (66.7%), 46 strains (40.4%) and 2 strains (1.8%), respectively. Seventeen serotypes were involved and the prevalent serotypes were 19, 23, 6, 15 and 14. Seven strains remained nontypable for serotype. PNSSP strains were found to be distributed in serotypes 19, 23, 6 and nontypable group.

CONCLUSIONSThe antibiotic resistance of S. pneumoniae was serious in Wuhan area. The ribosomal modification (ermB gene mediated) was the main mechanism of S. pneumoniae resistant to erythromycin. The major prevalent serotypes were 19, 23 and 6.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Carrier State ; Child ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Erythromycin ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Macrolides ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Nasopharynx ; microbiology ; Penicillin Resistance ; Penicillins ; therapeutic use ; Prevalence ; Serotyping ; Streptococcus pneumoniae