Purpose: Prostate cancer (PCa) is an epithelial malignancy that originates in the prostate gland and is generally categorized into low, intermediate, and high-risk groups. The primary diagnostic indicator for PCa is the measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values. However, reliance on PSA levels can result in false positives, leading to unnecessary biopsies and an increased risk of invasive injuries. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an efficient and accurate method for PCa risk stratification. Many recent studies on PCa risk stratification based on clinical data have employed a binary classification, distinguishing between low to intermediate and high risk. In this paper, we propose a novel machine learning (ML) approach utilizing a stacking learning strategy for predicting the tripartite risk stratification of PCa. Methods: Clinical records, featuring attributes selected using the lasso method, were utilized with 5 ML classifiers. The outputs of these classifiers underwent transformation by various nonlinear transformers and were then concatenated with the lasso-selected features, resulting in a set of new features. A stacking learning strategy, integrating different ML classifiers, was developed based on these new features. Results: Our proposed approach demonstrated superior performance, achieving an accuracy of 0.83 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.88 in a dataset comprising 197 PCa patients with 42 clinical characteristics. Conclusions This study aimed to improve clinicians’ ability to rapidly assess PCa risk stratification while reducing the burden on patients. This was achieved by using artificial intelligence-related technologies as an auxiliary method for diagnosing PCa.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on intestinal microbiome and organism in patients with severe pneumonia during the convalescence period. METHODS: A prospective non-randomized controlled study was conducted. From December 2021 to May 2022, patients with severe pneumonia during the convalescence period who received FMT (FMT group) and patients with severe pneumonia during the convalescence period who did not receive FMT (non-FMT group) admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were enrolled. The differences of clinical indicators, gastrointestinal function and fecal traits between the two groups were compared 1 day before and 10 days after enrollment. The 16S rDNA gene sequencing technology was used to analyze the changes of intestinal flora diversity and different species in patients with FMT before and after enrollment, and metabolic pathways were analyzed and predicted by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database (KEGG). Pearson correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between intestinal flora and clinical indicators in FMT group. RESULTS: The level of triacylglycerol (TG) in FMT group was significantly decreased at 10 days after enrollment compared with before enrollment [mmol/L: 0.94 (0.71, 1.40) vs. 1.47 (0.78, 1.86), P < 0.05]. The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in non-FMT group was significantly decreased at 10 days after enrollment compared with before enrollment (mmol/L: 0.68±0.27 vs. 0.80±0.31, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in other clinical indexes, gastrointestinal function or fecal character scores between the two groups. Diversity analysis showed that the α diversity indexes of intestinal flora in FMT group at 10 days after enrollment were significantly higher than those in non-FMT group, and β diversity was also significantly different from that in non-FMT group. Differential species analysis showed that the relative abundance of Proteobacteria at the level of intestinal flora in FMT group at 10 days after enrollment was significantly lower than that in non-FMT group [8.554% (5.977%, 12.159%) vs. 19.285% (8.054%, 33.207%), P < 0.05], while the relative abundance of Fusobacteria was significantly higher than that in non-FMT group [6.801% (1.373%, 20.586%) vs. 0.003% (0%, 9.324%), P < 0.05], and the relative abundance of Butyricimonas, Fusobacterium and Bifidobacterium at the genus level of the intestinal flora was significantly higher than that in non-FMT group [Butyricimonas: 1.634% (0.813%, 2.387%) vs. 0% (0%, 0.061%), Fusobacterium: 6.801% (1.373%, 20.586%) vs. 0.002% (0%, 9.324%), Bifidobacterium: 0.037% (0%, 0.153%) vs. 0% (0%, 0%), all P < 0.05]. KEGG metabolic pathway analysis showed that the intestinal flora of FMT group was changed in bisphenol degradation, mineral absorption, phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism, cardiac muscle contraction, Parkinson disease and other metabolic pathways and diseases. Correlation analysis showed that Actinobacteria and prealbumin (PA) in intestinal flora of FMT group were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.53, P = 0.043), Bacteroidetes was positively correlated with blood urea nitrogen (BUN; r = 0.56, P = 0.029) and complement C3 (r = 0.57, P = 0.027), Firmicutes was positively correlated with BUN (r = 0.56, P = 0.029) and complement C3 (r = 0.57, P = 0.027), Fusobacteria was significantly positively correlated with immunoglobulin M (IgM; r = 0.71, P = 0.003), Proteobacteria was significantly positively correlated with procalcitonin (PCT; r = 0.63, P = 0.012) and complement C4 (r = 0.56, P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS FMT can reduce TG level, reconstruct intestinal microecological structure, change body metabolism and function, and alleviate inflammatory response by reducing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria in patients with severe pneumonia during the convalescence period.
Humans ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Complement C3 ; Convalescence ; Prospective Studies ; Feces

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) for promoting surface mineralization of demineralized dentin discs and adsorption of lead ions in simulated sewage water. METHODS: Sixty dentin disks were prepared from freshly extracted teeth with intact crown (including 30 premolars and 30 molars) and treated with 10% citric acid for 2 min to simulate dentinal tubules with dentin hypersensitivity. The etched dentin discs were brushed with distilled water, 0.2 g HA or 0.2 g nHA for 2 min twice a day for 7 consecutive days, after which scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed and calcium and phosphorus contents in the dentin discs were detected using EDS. Lead ion adsorption capacities of HA and nHA were tested by mixing 1 mL serial concentrations of HA and nHA suspensions with 50 mL lead ion solutions (1.0 mg/L). After 24 h, the residual lead ion concentration in the supernatant was measured using ICP to calculate lead ion adsorption rate and adsorption capacity of the materials. RESULTS: SEM showed a smooth surface and empty dentin tubules in the acid- etched dentin dics. The dentin dics treated with HA were covered with masses of particles that loosely attached to the surface, and the diameter of the dentin tubules was reduced. In nHA group, the dentin discs showed a fine and homogeneous surface clogging with a tight attachment, and the dentin tubule diameter was obviously reduced. Daily brushing with HA and nHA, especially the latter, significantly increased calcium and phosphorus contents on the surface of the dentin dics ( < 0.000). In lead ion adsorption experiment, the lead ion adsorption rate of HA decreased as its concentration increased with the highest adsorption rate of 83.01%; the adsorption rate of nHA increased with its concentration until the adsorption equilibrium was reached, and its highest adsorption rate was 98.79%. A good liner relationship was found between the adsorption ability and concentration of HA. CONCLUSIONS Compared with HA, nHA has a better capacity for surface mineralization of acid-etched dentin discs and also a better ability of lead ion adsorption.

Objective: To explore the role of apoliprotein D (APOD) in the proliferation and migration of human dental pulp cells (DPCs) and to provide a basis for the use of APOD to promote pulp regeneration. Methods: APOD expression in human dental pulp cells was inhibited by siRNA. The inhibition effect of APOD was confirmed by qPCR and Western blot. After APOD inhibition, colony formation experiments and CCK8 assays were employed to confirm the proliferation ability of dental pulp cells. Transwell assays were used to verify the cell migration ability after the inhibition of APOD expression. Results : After inhibiting APOD expression, the colony formation rate in the si-apod group was reduced compared with the NC group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=7.624, P=0.002). The CCK8 experiment showed that the OD value in the si-apod group decreased at 3, 5 and 7 d compared with that in the NC group (P < 0.05). Transwell results showed that the number of cell divisions was 57.25 ± 4.03 in the si-apod group and 154.50 ± 8.39 in the NC group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=10.45, P < 0.001). Conclusion Inhibition of APOD expression in dental pulp cells inhibits their proliferation and migration ability.

OBJECTIVE： To study the dose-time-effect relationship of Tibetan medicine Rannasangpei in cerebral ischemic- reperfusion injury model rats with intragastric administration. METHODS： The rats were randomly divided into sham operation group （normal saline， 10 mL/kg）， model control group （normal saline， 10 mL/kg）， positive control group （nimodipine， 30      mg/kg）， Rannasangpei different dose groups （0.52， 1.04， 2.08， 4.17， 8.33， 16.67， 33.34， 66.68， 133.36， 266.72 and 533.44    mg/kg）， with 18 rats in each group. Each group was given relevant medicine intragastrically once； 25 min after intragastric administration， cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury model was established with suture-occluded method in those groups except for sham operation group. 24， 48， 72 h after cerebral ischemia， neuroethology of rats were graded in each group. The rate of cerebral infraction was detected to evaluate the optimal effective time， the optimal dose （Dmax） and maximal effect （the rate of minimum cerebral infraction， Emax） of Ratnasampil at different periods of cerebral ischemia. Dose-time-effect relationship of Rannasangpei dose with the rate of cerebral infraction was fitted with Thermo Kinetica 5.1 software. The area under curve （AUClast） and retention dose （MRTlast） of dose-effect curve were calculated， and detect the levels of SOD and MDA. RESULTS： Compared with sham operation group， the neurobehavior of model group was significantly abnormal （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and the rate of cerebral infarction was significantly increased （P＜0.01）； the level of SOD was decreased significantly （P＜0.01， 48 h）， and the level MDA was increased significantly （P＜0.05， 48 h）. Compared with model control group， there was no significant change in neurobehavioral abnormalities in the nimodipine group （P＞0.05）， and the rate of cerebral infraction was decreased significantly （P＜0.01， 24， 48 h）. The level of SOD in rats were increased significantly （P＜0.01， 48 h）， while the level MDA decreased significantly （P＜0.05， 48 h）. Rannasangpei 2.08-33.34 mg/kg could significantly improved neurobehavioral abnormalities （P＜0.05， 24 h）； 24 h after cerebral ischemia， the rate of cerebral infraction was decreased significantly in Rannasangpei 4.17-133.36 mg/kg group （the lowest is 33.34 mg/kg group， P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The level of SOD in rats were increased significantly in 33.34-533.44 mg/kg groups （P＜0.05）. the level MDA was decreased significantly in 0.52-2.08， 8.33， 33.34， 266.72 and 533.44 mg/kg groups （P＜0.05）. Dmax was 33.34 mg/kg， Emax was 3.02％， AUClast was 5 141.76 mg/kg and MRTlast was 329.161 mg/kg. 48 h after cerebral ischemia， the rate of cerebral infraction was decreased significantly in Rannasangpei 2.08-133.36 mg/kg groups （the lowest is 66.68 mg/kg group， P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， while the level of SOD was increased significantly in 1.04-533.44（except for 4.17）mg/kg groups （P＜0.05）. The level of MDA was decreased significantly in 16.67-66.68， 533.44 mg/kg groups （P＜0.05）， Dmax was 66.68 mg/kg， Emax was 2.13％， AUClast was    5 219.36 mg/kg and MRTlast was 340.521 mg/kg. 72 h after cerebral ischemia， the rate of cerebral infraction and the level of MDA had no significant decreased in Rannasangpei groups （P＞0.05）， and the levels of SOD had no significant increase （except for 0.52 mg/kg group， P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： The optimal effective time of Rannasangpei for the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats is 48 h， and the Dmax is 66.68 mg/kg. The improvement mechanism may be related to increase the level of SOD and decrease the level of MDA.

[Objective]To investigate the prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT with different metabolic parameters in newly diagnosed limited-disease(LD)small cell lung cancer(SCLC).[Methods]Retrospective analysis was carried out in the patients between June 2005 to December 2016 in our hospital confirmed of LD SCLC by pathology or cytology and comprehensive imaging. Fifty-four patients were recruited. Record the general characteristics of patients,pre-treatment KPS score,smoking status,weight loss,serum LDH,NSE,OS,PFS. All lesions(primary lesions + metastases)were sketched out within one VOI,and the SUVmax, SUVmean and SUVpeak in the VOI were automatically measured and recorded. The automatic measurement was performed by the fixed threshold method. The thresholds of tumor of MTV and TLG were 40% and 50% of SUVmax. The TLG and MTV were identified as TLG40%,TLG50%,MTV40% and MTV50% respectively. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. All the prognostic factors were analyzed by Cox model.[Result]The median SUVmax was 13.92(2.61~43.28),the median of SUVmean was 8.31(1.71~26.85) and the median of SUVpeak was 10.51(1.49 ~ 27.48). The median of TLG40% was 340.22(16.58 ~ 2827.26),the median of TLG50%was 215.645(1.70 ~ 2270.36),the median of MTV40% was 36.71(1.15 ~ 259.47 cm3),the median of MTV50% was 19.65(0.93 ~1900.00)cm3. Univariate and multivariate analysis of metabolic index and prognosis showed that TLG50% was the prognostic factor of OS(P = 0.013),but not of PFS(P > 0.05). The SUVmax,SUVmean and SUVpeak were not the prognostic factors of OS and PFS(P >0.05).[Conclusion]The volume metabolic parameters TLG50%was the independent prognostic factor of the overall survival time of the LD SCLC. The volume metabolic parameters (TLG and MTV) of 18F-FDG PET/CT were related to the prognosis of SCLC ,which could provide the basis for individual chemotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the value of 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging in predicting the progno-sis of newly diagnosed SCLC with normal serum LDH ( SCLC-nsLDH) . Methods A total of 68 SCLC pa-tients (59 males, 9 females, median age:58.5 years) proved by pathology between June 2005 and Decem-ber 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT. The general information of patients, including LDH, NSE, OS, PFS and SUVmax , were recorded. SUVmax differences were analyzed with Mann-Whitney u test. Life-table method and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to estimate the survival rate and median survival time. The survival function curve was drawn. Log-rank test was used to analyze whether there existed statistical differences in survival period among different groups. Cox regression analysis was used for screening the influencing factors of prognosis. Results ( 1) In 68 SCLC patients, there were 38 cases with limited disease ( LD) and 30 cases with extensive disease ( ED) . There were 3 cases in stageⅠ, 7 cases in stage Ⅱ, 29 cases in stage Ⅲ, 29 cases in stage Ⅳ. The median SUVmax of the primary tumor was 11.35 (9.90, 13.90). There was no significant difference between the median SUVmax of LD group and that of ED group:11.05(9.72, 13.60) vs 12.25(10. 05, 14.12)months;z=-0.797, P=0.426. The median serum LDH was 195.15(171.00, 220.80) U/L. (2) The median follow-up time was 18(range:2-101) months. The disease developed in 46 patients and 35 patients died. The median OS was 23 (95%CI:13.3-32.7) months and median PFS was 17 (95% CI: 11.4-22.6) months. (3) ROC curve showed the optimal SUVmax cutoff value was 10.85. The OS of patients with SUVmax≤10.85 ( n=25) and with SUVmax>10.85 (n=43) were 40.0(95% CI:2.5-77.5) months and 18.0(95% CI:13.3-22.7) months(χ2=8.956, P=0.003), respectively. (4)Weight loss, VALG stage and primary tumor SUVmax were independent prog-nostic factors for OS (all P<0.05). Only VALG stage was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (P<0. 001) . Conclusion 18 F-FDG PET/CT can help to differentiate the different prognosis of SCLC-nsLDH patients, and provide more evidence for the choice of individual treatment strategy.

Objective:To evaluate the quantity and function changes of dendritic cells ( DC) in peripheral blood of patients with repeated implantation failure ( RIF).Methods:30 patients with RIF and 15 normal controls were enrolled in this study,and the peripheral blood was collected during the mid-luteal phase.The percentage of DC subsets and the expression levels of functional molecules were assessed by flow cytometric analysis.Results:Compared with normal controls,the percentage of lin-HLA-DR+DC cells accounting for leukocytes in patients with RIF was not significantly different ( P>0.05).There were also no significant differences in the expression levels of co-stimulatory molecules ( CD80 and CD86) and immune tolerant molecules CD200 on DC cells surfaces between patients with RIF and normal controls ( all P>0.05).In addition,the percentage of CD11c+CD123-mDC accounting for DC cells was significantly increased in patients with RIF (P<0.05),however,the percentage of CD11c-CD123+pDC was similar (P>0.05). Conclusion:The percentage of mDC accounting for DC cells was significantly increased in patients with RIF, which may be one of factors affecting pregnancy outcomes.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between long non-coding RNAs (LncRNA) in tumor tissues and clinico-pathological features of hepatocllular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Using hepatocellular carcinoma gene database GSE36376,we conducted a study on eight LncRNAs which are associated with liver diseases and analyzed the correlation between these LncRNAs and HCC clinico-pathological characteristics.We also evaluated the potential effect of LncRNAs on HCC development.Results H19 was overexpressed in non-tumorous tissues of HCC (P ＜ 0.05),while MEG3,HOXA13,KCNQ1OT1 were all upregulated in tumorous tissues (all P ＜ 0.05).HULC level in HCC tumorous tissues was negatively correlated with AJCC staging,BCLC staging and tumor size (all P ＜ 0.05).UCA1 was positively correlated with BCLC staging (r =0.135,P ＜ 0.05).Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic analyses showed that UCA1 was a risk factor of intrahepatic metastasis of HCC (OR =6.054,95％ CI =1.429 ～ 25.642,P ＜ 0.05); in contrast,HULC overexpression in tumorous tissues played a positive role in HCC tumor size (OR=0.805,95％CI=0.678 ～0.956,P＜0.05).Conclusion HULC in tumorous tissues suppressed HCC proliferation,while UCA1 was a risk factor of HCC aggressiveness.

Objective To study the capacity of dentifrice containing hydroxyapatite (HA) particles with various grain sizes on the sorption of Cu (Ⅱ) ion from aqueous solution. Methods Three groups of dentifrice suspensions containing 3% HA particles with 60 nm grain size, 3% HA particles with 12 μm grain size, and blank dentifrice were prepared with serial concentrations. Copper ion solutions with initial concentration of 4.0 mg/L were mixed with dentifrice suspensions respectively and then been kept still for 24 hours. The residual copper ion concentration of the supernatant was measured by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer and the sorption rate of copper ion was calculated. Results The residual copper ion concentration of the supernatant decreased with increase of the concentration of dentifrice suspensions. The sorption rate of copper ion of dentifrice containing 60 nm HA was highest among the three groups. Conclusion Nano HA should be added into dentifrice to enhance the sorption capacity of copper ion from aqueous solution.