Objective To analyze the monitoring status of occupational hazard factors in key industry workplaces in a city of the Pearl River Delta area from 2019 to 2023. Methods A total of 1 548 enterprises in 12 key industries of the city were selected as the research subjects using the judgmental sampling method. Their monitoring data for dust, chemical factors, and noise, along with the occupational health management status of the enterprises were analyzed. Results Among the 1 548 enterprises, large and medium-sized enterprises accounted for 2.7% and 13.4%, while small and micro enterprises accounted for 83.9%. A total of 474 enterprises exceeded the national limit in the detection of occupational hazard factors, with an exceedance rate of 30.6%. The rates of workers exposed to occupational hazard factors, dust, chemical factors, and noise were 29.4%, 6.9%, 21.0%, and 13.0%, respectively, all showing a downward trend year by year (all P<0.05). The training rates for occupational health among enterprise managers, responsible persons, and workers were 84.1%, 84.2%, and 91.2%, respectively. The detection rates for abnormal occupational health examinations among workers exposed to dust, chemical factors, and noise were 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, respectively. The setting rates of warning signs and warning instructions among enterprises for dust, chemical toxins, and noise were 87.3%, 91.1%, and 89.5%, respectively. The setting rates for dust, toxic chemical, and noise control facilities were 72.4%, 75.4%, and 46.0%, with effectiveness rates of 70.5%, 56.6%, and 55.2%, respectively. The distribution rates of personal protective dust masks, gas masks, and noise earplugs/earmuffs were 91.9%, 83.8%, and 86.4%, with wearing rates of 80.8%, 70.5%, and 76.4%, respectively. The detection rates of exceeding national limits for dust, chemical factors, and noise in the work site of occupational hazard factors were15.2%, 1.0%, and 21.6%, respectively. The detection rates of exceeding national limits for dust, chemical factors, and noise in the workplace of occupational hazard factors were 2.4%, 2.5%, and 12.3%, respectively. The exceedance rate for noise in work site showed an upward trend year by year (P<0.01). Conclusion Occupational disease prevention and control work in the key industries of this city needs strengthening. It is essential to further enhance the regular monitoring and preventive measures of occupational hazard factors in enterprises, improve protective measures, strengthen the use of personal protective equipment, and enhance occupational health training and supervision, to effectively reduce the risk of occupational diseases and protect workers' occupational health rights.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of maternal depressed mood at pregnancy and postpartum on the risk of emotional or behavioral disorders of offspring by meta-analysis. Methods:The following Mesh words and free words were searched in 7 online databases, including the PubMed, Embase, Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO, Cochrane, WanFang databases and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from January 1, 2000 to October 31, 2020: " maternal" AND " depression" AND " child OR offspring" AND " neuropsychology" . According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, case-control and cohort studies reporting the effect of maternal depressed mood during pregnancy or postpartum on the risk of emotional or behavioral disorders of offspring were reviewed. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3. Results:Fourteen studies involving 3 914 in the case group and 17 016 in the control group were included.Children whose mother with depressed mood during pregnancy or postpartum had 2.03 times risk of emotional or behavioral disorders than those whose mothers without depressed mood ( OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.55-2.65). Both depressed mood at pregnancy and postpartum could increase the incidence of emotional or behavioral disorders in children, but there was no significant difference between these two periods ( Z=-0.371, 95% CI: 0.796-1.168). Moreover, the effect of maternal depressed mood on emotional or behavioral disorders in offspring could last to the preschool and school period, and the children in the school period may have higher incidence of emotional or behavioral disorders than those during the preschool period ( Z=-2.340, 95% CI: 0.643-0.962). Conclusions:Maternal depressed mood can increase the incidence of emotional or behavioral disorders in offspring, which are long-lasting and do not decrease with age.

Objective:To explore the effect of intraspinal labor analgesia on labor progress, maternal and infant outcomes.Methods:Two hundred cases of full-term singleton primiparous women in head position admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from March 2019 to March 2020 were selected as the research subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group (100 cases, natural delivery) and the analgesia group (100 cases, analgesia delivery). The visual analoguescore (VAS), progress of labor, and the outcome of delivery between the two groups werecompared.Results:The VAS scores of the analgesic group at 10, 30 and 60 min after analgesia were lower than those in the control group: (1.30 ± 0.17) scores vs. (9.50 ± 0.53) scores, (0.50 ± 0.22) scores vs. (9.50 ± 0.16) scores, (0.40 ± 0.28) scores vs. (9.50 ± 0.34) scores, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The first stage of labor in the analgesia group was longer than that in the control group: (347.6 ± 54.4) min vs. (325.8 ± 58.5) min; but the active stage, the second stage of labor, the third stage of labor and the total duration of labor in the analgesia group were shorter than those in the control group: (184.3 ± 39.5) min vs. (202.9 ± 42.7) min, (57.8 ± 17.9) min vs. (85.3 ± 16.9) min, (7.7 ± 5.0) min vs. (16.3 ± 5.2) min, (503.6 ± 131.4) min vs. (596.5 ± 175.7) min, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The 2 h and 24 h postpartum hemorrhage in the analgesia group were significantly lower than those in the control group: (223.64 ± 80.34) ml vs. (276.97 ± 82.35) ml, (331.57 ± 92.47) ml vs. (384.59 ± 94.25) ml, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The rate of normal delivery and the use of oxytocin in the analgesia group were higher than those in the control group: 91.0%(91/100) vs. 75.0%(75/100), 83.0%(83/100) vs. 49.0% (49/100), the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). In the newborn Apgar scores, the muscle tension, pulse, reflex response, respiration score and total score in the analgesia group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The neonatal distress in the analgesia group was lower than that in the control group: 4.0%(4/100) vs. 15.0%(15/100), the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Intravertebral labor analgesia can shorten the time of parturient delivery, reduce postpartum hemorrhage, improve the Apgar score of newborns, increase the pregnancy rate, and improve maternal and infant outcome.

The oral cavity of each person is home to hundreds of bacterial species.While taxa for oral diseases have been studied using culture-based characterization as well as amplicon sequencing,metagenomic and genomic information remains scarce compared to the fecal microbiome.Here,using metagenomic shotgun data for 3346 oral metagenomic samples together with 808 published samples,we obtain 56,213 metagenome-assembled genomes(MAGs),and more than 64％of the 3589 species-level genome bins(SGBs)contain no publicly available genomes.The resulting genome collection is representative of samples around the world and contains many genomes from candi-date phyla radiation(CPR)that lack monoculture.Also,it enables the discovery of new taxa such as a genus Candidatus Bgiplasma within the family Acholeplasmataceae.Large-scale metagenomic data from massive samples also allow the assembly of strains from important oral taxa such as Por-phyromonas and Neisseria.The oral microbes encode genes that could potentially metabolize drugs.Apart from these findings,a strongly male-enriched Campylobacter species was identified.Oral sam-ples would be more user-friendly collected than fecal samples and have the potential for disease diagnosis.Thus,these data lay down a genomic framework for future inquiries of the human oral microbiome.

Background::Post-operative acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common and serious complications after major surgery and is significantly associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine (Dex) administration on the occurrence of AKI and the outcomes of recovery after non-cardiac surgery.Methods::The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for studies comparing the effects of Dex vs. placebo on kidney function after non-cardiac surgery, and a pooled fixed-effect meta-analysis of the included studies was performed. The primary outcome was the occurence of post-operative AKI. The secondary outcomes included the occurence of intra-operative hypotension and bradycardia, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, duration of ICU stay, and hospital length of stay (LOS). Results::Six studies, including four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two observational studies, with a total of 2586 patients were selected. Compared with placebo, Dex administration could not reduce the odds of post-operative AKI (odds ratio [OR], 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.18-1.06; P= 0.07; I2= 0.00%, P= 0.72) in RCTs, but it showed a significant renoprotective effect (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48-0.95; P = 0.02; I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.36) in observational studies. Besides, Dex administration significantly increased the odds of intra-operative bradycardia and shortened the duration of ICU stay. However, there was no significant difference in the odds of intra-operative hypotension, ICU admission, and hospital LOS. Conclusions::This meta-analysis suggests that perioperative Dex administration does not reduce the risk of AKI after non-cardiac surgery. However, the quality of evidence for this result is low due to imprecision and inconsistent types of non-cardiac operations. Thus, large and high-quality RCTs are needed to verify the real effects of perioperative Dex administration on the occurrence of AKI and the outcomes of recovery after non-cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the accuracy and influential factors for hypertension prevalence based on questionnaire interview by on-site measurement. METHODS: Data were from the baseline surveys for chronic diseases among residents ages ≥18 years old in 4 districts/counties of Changsha between 2013 and 2014. All surveys adopted multi-stage random sampling to select samples. The Bootstrap resampling method was used to randomly select 1 000 repeated samples with replacement to obtain robust estimate of subgroup prevalence rates. Hypertension prevalence was calculated by using the data from both questionnaire interview and on-site measurement. Using the results of on-site measurement as the golden standard, the accuracy of questionnaire interview and 95% uncertainty interval were estimated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the influential factors for the underestimated hypotension prevalence based on questionnaire interview. RESULTS: The hypertension prevalence from on-site measurement among the residents in the 4 districts/counties of Changsha was significantly higher than that from questionnaire interview (prevalence ratio: 1.26-2.31). Taking the results of on-site measurement as the golden standard, the sensitivity of questionnaire interview on hypotension prevalence range from 41.76% to 74.83% among the 4 districts/counties, and the specificity fell between 98.51% and 99.46%. The underestimation in questionnaire interview was more likely to occur in the youngest age group (18-34 years old), males, and residents were at lower levels of education in all 4 districts/counties. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the on-site measurement, questionnaire interview significantly under-estimate the hypertension prevalence, suggesting that the on-site measurement method should be firstly considered in epidemiological surveys for hypertension prevalence. If only the questionnaire method can be used to collect data due to conditions, it is necessary to make corresponding corrections to the questionnaire results with reference to relevant research evidence.
Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Organs-on-a-chip (OOC) is a chip that miniatures tissues or organs in vitro to simulate human physiological or pathological activities. OBJECTIVE: To review the design considerations of single and multi-OOCs, expound its achievements, potential and application prospect in drug development and precision medicine, as well as the remaining challenges. METHODS: We searched relevant articles in PubMed and CNKI databases with the keywords of “organs-on-a-chip, liver, blood-brain barrier, tumor” in Chinese and “organs-on-a-chip, drug development, cell culture, organoids, microfluidic systems, induced pluripotent stem cells, liver” in English, respectively. Finally, 68 articles were analyzed in this review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: OOC is a breakthrough technology that benefits from progresses in engineered human tissue engineering, semiconductor fabrication and adult somatic cell culture, exceeding the limitations of current cell and animal models. The activities, mechanical properties and physiological reactions of the whole organ or human system can be embodied in the 3D microfluidic OOC. As it can simulate physiological or pathological states in vitro by integrating human cells with physiology-related microenvironments, OOCs are expected to supplement and reduce the pre-clinical trials of drugs, medical devices and biological materials, offering a favorable in vitro platform for screening drug-related adverse reactions.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics and differences of anxiety, depression and sleep disorder among human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients in Guangzhou, then optimize the antiretroviral therapy and provide effective mental intervention.Methods:All HIV/AIDS patients from the outpatient department of Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital were enrolled in the present study from January 2016 to December 2016. They were evaluated by the hospital anxiety and depression scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, to analyze the levels of depression, anxiety and sleep disorder.Results:The incidences of anxiety, depression and sleep disorder were 30.5%(61/200), 31.0%(62/200) and 22.5%(45/200) respectively. 36.1%(22/61) of patients with anxiety and 35.5%(22/62) of patients with depression were accompanied by sleep disorder. The sleep disturbance index were significant higher in HIV/AIDS patients with anxiety ( t=4.065, P<0.001) or depression ( t=3.034, P=0.003) than those without anxiety or depression. Anxiety was mainly found in HIV/AIDS patients in aged 20 to 40 group ( F=7.998, P=0.018), while depression was mostly found in HIV/AIDS patients who didn't receive higher education ( F=13.55, P=0.001), and sleep disorder was more common in people with CD4 + count <200 cells/μl ( t=2.01, P=0.046). Conclusions:Anxiety and depression, which could aggravate sleep disorder, are very common in HIV/AIDS patients. Psychological care need to be strengthened to HIV positive patients in early phase, and screening questionnaires should be conducted before antiretroviral treatment began.

Objective To explore the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in improving the diagnosis ability for xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis ( XGC ) and wall-thickening gallbladder cancer ( GBC) . Methods Forth-three patients with XGCs and 31 patients with wall-thickening GBCs proved by pathology were enrolled in this study ,the features on conventional ultrasound and CEUS were recorded ,and the preliminary diagnosis before and after CEUS were given by doctors . Results Significant differences were found in continuous gallbladder inner wall and arterial blood supplement on conventional ultrasound , 58 .1％ (25/43) had continuous inner wall and 34 .9％ (15/43) had arterial blood flow in XGCs compared to 19 .4％ (6/31) and 100％ in GBCs . On CEUS ,72 .1％ (31/43) demonstrated continuous gallbladder inner wall and 48 .8％ (21/43) had hypoechoic nodules in the wall in XGCs compared to 16 .1％ (5/31) and 19 .4％ (6/31) in GBCs ,respectively ( P <0 .05) . No significant difference was found in intra-calcification , infiltration to adjacent organs ,gallbladder stones and fast-in and fast-out enhanced pattern( P >0 .05) . The area under ROC curve was improved from 0 .701 to 0 .899 after combining with CEUS ( P < 0 .05 ) . Conclusions Conventional ultrasound combining with CEUS could help acquiring more effective ultrasonic information and may improve the differential diagnosis ability of XGCs and GBCs .

Objective To explore and analyze the influencing factors of family caregiving behavior and protective strategies in children with recurrent lower respiratory tract infection. Methods By reviewing the literature, a self-designed questionnaire for family caregiving behavior related to recurrent lower respiratory tract infection were adopted, including feeding behavior, hand hygiene, environmental factors, time of outdoor activities and family health-seeking behavior. Totally 206 cases with recurrent lower respiratory tract infection (the study group) and 206 cases with acute lower respiratory tract infection (the control group) were included and all cases were investigated by family caregiving behavior questionnaire. The influencing factors of family caregiving behavior of two groups were analyzed and compared. Results The feeding behavior in the study group was worse than that in the control group(χ2=5.14-14.76, P<0.05). There were significant differences in family health-seeking behavior (χ2=4.76, P=0.03), 49.50%(102/206) in the control group,38.8%(80/206)in the study group and passive smoking (χ2=5.70, P=0.02) between two groups. There was no significant difference between two groups in hand hygiene, time of outdoor activities, history of contacting with patients with respiratory tract infection, cold history (χ2=0.48-2.63, P>0.05). Conclusions We should guide parents to establish the right and reasonable family care behavior to effectively enhance children's physical fitness and disease resistance and to avoid exposure to infectious agents and harmful substances, reduce the occurrence of Recurrent Lower Respiratory Tract Infections.