Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease, and a group of diseases that cause brain tissue damage due to sudden rupture of brain blood vessels or blockage of blood vessels, mainly including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. In recent years, although some progresses have been achieved, there are still few biomarkers that can be used for effective warning and monitoring for people at high risk of stroke. Omics research is an important research strategy for discovering differential genes, molecules, and epigenetic markers in the process of disease occurrence and development. A systematic summary of progress made in recent years, in stroke genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in recent years, as well as their potential applications in stroke warning, diagnosis, and monitoring, was systematically discussed in the presence review, in order to provide reference for future research on stroke biomarkers.

Objective To investigate the expression level and diagnostic value of serum DNA polymerase α(DNA pol α)in Alzheimer's disease(AD),and analyze its diagnostic efficacy in AD.Methods A total of 100 patients of dementia of Alzheimer's type(DAT)and 43 patients of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)from Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University from March 2019 to April 2023 were included in this study,and 68 healthy individuals of the same age group were collected as the HC group.The expression level of DNA pol α was detected in each group,and the diagnostic value of DNA pol α in AD was analyzed by receiver oper-ating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The expression level of DNA pol α in DAT group was higher than those in the MCI group(P＜0.05)and the HC group(P＜0.001).The expression level of DNA pol α showed an increasing trend as AD progressed.The expression level of DNA pol α was negatively correlated with Mini Intelligent Mental State Examination Scale(MMSE)score and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA)score(r=-0.155 3,-0.203 7,P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of DNA pol α for diagnosing DAT was 0.682,and the sensitivity was 0.900.The AUC for diagnosing MCI was 0.546,and the sensitivity was 0.977.The AUC for differential diagnosis of MCI and DAT was 0.664,the sensitivity was 0.780,and the specificity was 0.535.Conclusion The expression level of DNA pol α is significantly increased in AD patients with DAT,and its expression level is related to the progression of AD,suggesting that DNA pol α has the pos-sibility to be a potential blood biomarker for the diagnosis of AD.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is one of the most common types of dementia in clinical practice.The increased permeability of the gut and blood-brain barrier caused by intestinal microecological dysbiosis may be an important incentive to affect the incidence of AD.Gut microbiota regulates the central nervous system through the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis(gut-brain axis),and plays an important role in the cognitive func-tion,occurrence and development of clinical symptoms in AD patients.This review comprehensively reviewed the current literature on the relationship between gut microbiota dysregulation and inflammatory cytokine changes in AD,and the treatment of AD targeting with gut microbiota,so as to clarify the new progress in the influence of intestinal microecology changes on the cognitive function of AD patients,the potential diagnosis in the early onset of AD,and the potential mechanism of gut microbiota participating in the regulation of AD.It provides a new idea for the treatment strategy of AD.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for the formation of infectious stones among residents in western Fujian Province and construct a nomogram model for preoperative prediction of the risk of infectious stones. Methods Clinical data of 204 patients who received treatment for urinary tract stones at Longyan People′s Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen Medical University from October 2021 to November 2023 were analyzed. All patients underwent stone composition analysis. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to screen independent risk factors for infectious stones, construct a nomogram model for predicting the risk of infectious stones, and the discriminative power and accuracy of the model was evaluated. Results Based on the results of stone composition analysis, 204 patients were divided into infectious stone group(56 cases) and non-infectious stone group(148 cases). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR=2.602, 95%CI, 0.766 to 8.842, P=0.039), diabetes (OR=9.751, 95%CI, 2.547 to 17.332, P=0.001), long diameter of stones (OR=1.123, 95%CI, 1.046 to 4.207, P=0.031), moderate to severe hydronephrosis (OR=4.173, 95%CI, 1.256 to 13.865, P=0.020), high urine pH value (OR=6.078, 95%CI, 1.922 to 19.216, P=0.002), and positive urine culture (OR=6.060, 95%CI, 1.398 to 16.262, P=0.016) were independent risk factors for infectious stones. A nomogram model for predicting the risk of infectious stones was constructed based on independent risk factors. The area under the curve of this model for predicting infectious stones was 0.860, which was significantly larger than the area under the curve predicted by gender, diabetes, stone long diameter, degree of hydronephrosis, urine pH value, and urine culture results (P < 0.05). The model was validated by 1 000 internal resampling, with an average absolute error of 1.8%, indicating a high consistency between the predicted risk of infectious stones and the actual situation. Conclusion Female, diabetes, long diameter of stones, moderate to severe hydronephrosis, high urine pH value, and positive urine culture are independent risk factors for infectious stones among residents in western Fujian Province. The nomogram model constructed based on these factors can predict the risk of infectious stones preoperatively with high predictive efficiency.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. Early intervention is the only reliable means to delay the progress of the disease. Referring to the diagnostic criteria of AD, this paper summarizes and analyzes the representative literatures of various AD biomarkers derived from cerebrospinal fluid in recent years, and reviews the efficacy of various cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of AD. Results show that CSF Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, T-tau, p-tau, Aβ42/p-tau, growth-associated protein 43, synaptosomal-associated protein 25, neurogranin and visinin-like protein-1 are of great value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of AD. The above CSF biomarkers can be used in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of AD. The laboratory should select appropriate AD CSF biomarkers according to its own conditions in daily laboratory works.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, and its early diagnosis is of great importance to delay the disease and improve the prognosis. Compared with cerebrospinal fluid, blood tests have the advantages of being less invasive and easier to obtain. In recent years, with the application of ultrasensitive detection technology, the diagnostic value of blood markers for AD has been continuously explored, which is expected to provide more direct and effective evidence for early diagnosis and early intervention of AD.

Objective:To explore the age-related changes of Pole2 expression levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy people, and analyze the differences of Pole2 expression levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes of four common senile disease patients between normal peers.Methods:Healthy people and patients in the physical examination center of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from December 2018 to December 2019 were selected as the research objects, the mRNA and protein level of Pole2 in heathy individual as 20-29,30-39,40-49,50-59,60-69,70-79 y were checked by RT-PCR and Western blot,and the age-related curve was drew. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Pole2 were also detected in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients of DM,CHD,AD,CVD. And the deviation with healthy people of the same age was analyzed from one way ANOVA and repeated measurement were used to compare the mean of multiple groups.Results:The mRNA and protein levels of Pole2 increased in the lymphocytes of healthy people at 20-29 y and 50-59 y grouy, and decreased after 60-69 y and 70-79 y ( P<0.001). The Pole2 levels of mRNA and protein in the lymphocytes of patients of CHD,AD,DM and CVD cerebral atherosclerosis were significantly higher than that of healthy people of the same age. Moreover, the Pole2 level of lymphocytes of AD patients was significantly higher than that of other patient groups ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The expression level of Pole2 in peripheral blood lymphocytes increases with age before the age of 60 years old and decreases with age after 60 years old ;and the expression in four common senile diseases was higher than that in normal people.

Aging increases the risk of various diseases. The main goal of aging research is to find therapies that attenuate aging and alleviate aging-related diseases. In this study, we screened a natural product library for geroprotective compounds using Werner syndrome (WS) human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), a premature aging model that we recently established. Ten candidate compounds were identified and quercetin was investigated in detail due to its leading effects. Mechanistic studies revealed that quercetin alleviated senescence via the enhancement of cell proliferation and restoration of heterochromatin architecture in WS hMSCs. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed the transcriptional commonalities and differences in the geroprotective effects by quercetin and Vitamin C. Besides WS hMSCs, quercetin also attenuated cellular senescence in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and physiological-aging hMSCs. Taken together, our study identifies quercetin as a geroprotective agent against accelerated and natural aging in hMSCs, providing a potential therapeutic intervention for treating age-associated disorders.

Objective To examine the clinical value of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in rapid diagnosis of bacterial and fungal infection of central nervous system.Methods The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from 137 patients for DNA extraction.PCR was used to amplify the DNA of pathogenic bacteria and fungi using universal primers.The PCR products were subjected to DNA sequencing analysis for identifying microbial species.The conventional culture of pathogens was carried out simultaneously as control.Results PCR revealed bacterial pathogen in 50 of the 137 CSF samples,fungal pathogen in 6 of the 137 CSF samples.Conventional culture of CSF reported positive bacterial infection in 38 cases,fungal infection in 5 cases.PCR provided diagnostic sensitivity of 40.9％,specificity 100％,positive predictive value 100％,negative predictive value 38.2％.The diagnostic efficiency was 56.7％.In contrast,the conventional culture achieved the results of 31.4％,100％,100％,34.7％,44.4％,respectively.The sensitivity,negative predictive value,and diagnostic efficiency of PCR were significantly better than conventional culture method.The coincidence rate between PCR and conventional culture was 97.7％.Conclusions Universal primer-based PCR is characteristic of short turnaround time,specificity,sensitivity and accuracy,which is very useful for rapid diagnosis of the pathogenic bacteria and fungi in central nervous system infections.

Objective To evaluate the value of amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene in the identification of clinical rare pathogenic bacteria,and guide the diagnosis and treatment for related clinical infection.Methods 12 bacterial isolates that were difficult,or unable to be identified with conventional laboratory methods,or with special phenotypes were collected. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),then sequenced for identifying bacterial species through BLAST comparison,clinical characteristics of related infection were ana-lyzed.Results 12 clinical isolates were all positive for PCR amplification (about 1500 bp),species were all identi-fied (similarity≥99% ),the identified strains were Listeriamonocytogenes(n= 2),Brucellamelitensis(n= 2),Fu-sobacteriummortiferum(n= 1),Rothiaaeria(n= 1),Nocardiafarcinica(n= 1),Staphylococcussaccharolyticus (n= 1 ),Rhizobiumradiobacter(n= 1 ),Prevotellabivia(n= 1 ),Ralstoniamannitolilytica(n= 1 ),and Atopobium vaginae(n= 1 ). The sensitivity of 16S rRNA gene amplification was high,and the minimum detection limit of Escherichiacoli ATCC 25922 was 1.5×101 CFU/mL. Clinical data of 12 patients revealed that these strains can cause multi-sites and multi-types of infection,after patients received targeted antimicrobial therapy,11 improved, and 1 died.Conclusion Sequencing for 16S rRNA gene can rapidly and accurately identify rare,anaerobic,and difficult cultured bacteria,provide laboratory evidence for etiological diagnosis and treatment of different types of infection.