The leaves of sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides), considered as common food raw materials, have records of medicinal use and diverse pharmacological activities, showing a potential medicinal value. However, the active substances in the sea buckthorn leaves and their mechanisms of action remain unclear. In addition, due to the extensive source and large variety variations, the quality evaluation criteria of sea buckthorn leaves remain to be developed. To solve the problems, this study predicted the main active components, core targets, key pathways, and potential pharmacological effects of sea buckthorn leaves by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Furthermore, ultra-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection(UPLC-DAD) was employed to determine the content of active components and establish the chemical fingerprint, on the basis of which the quality markers of sea buckthorn leaves were predicted and then verified by the enzyme activity inhibition method. The results indicated that sea buckthorn leaves had potential therapeutic effects on a variety of digestive tract diseases, metabolic diseases, tumors, and autoimmune diseases, which were consistent with the ancient records and the results of modern pharmacological studies. The core targets of sea buckthorn leaves included PTPN11, AKT1, PIK3R1, ESR1, and SRC, which were mainly involved in the PI3K-AKT, MAPK, and HIF-1 signaling pathways. In conclusion, the active components of sea buckthorn leaves are associated with the rich flavonoids and tannins, among which quercitrin, narcissoside, and ellagic acid can be used as the quality markers of sea buckthorn leaves. The findings provide a reference for the quality control and further development and utilization of sea buckthorn leaves as medicinal materials.
Hippophae/chemistry* ; Network Pharmacology ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Flavonoids/analysis* ; Fruit/chemistry*

Medicinal plants have provided numerous medicinal active ingredients for thousands of years and these ingredients have been used in Chinese medicine (CM) and traditional pharmacologies worldwide. Recently, the exploitation and utilisation of medicinal plant resources has increased significantly. The results of the studies have led to the identification of many active components, such as steroidal alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and glycosides, in various medicinal plants with different evolutionary levels. Moreover, research on the chemical classification, molecular phylogeny, and pharmacological activity of medicinal plants is increasing in popularity. Pharmacophylogeny is an interdisciplinary topic that studies the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical composition, and curative effects (pharmacological activity and the traditional curative effect) of medicinal plants. In addition, it provides the basic tools to enable research and development of CM resources. This literature review, based on the genetic relationship between phytogroup and species, highlights the formation process, research content, applications, and future directions of pharmacophylogeny.
Alkaloids ; Glycosides ; Plant Extracts/chemistry* ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry* ; Saponins ; Terpenes

Withania somnifera, also known as Indian ginseng, is an important traditional medicine in the Ayurvedic medical system of India, which has a significant effect of adaptation. Modern studies have shown that the main chemical components of W. somnifera are withanolides, which have antioxidant, anti-tumor, enhancing immunity, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, anti-stress, anti-stress reaction and hypoglycemic activities. Studies on human, animal, mutagenesis, genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity and drug interaction showed that W. somnifera had good safety. Clinical trials have proved that W. somnifera is effective in treating a variety of human diseases. As a famous traditional medicine and modern dietary supplement, it has a high reputation and market in the international health product market, but in China, there is little scientific research, market development, product introduction and application. In this paper, the traditional application, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, safety evaluation and clinical study of the plant were introduced, so as to increase the understanding of the dual use of the plant, and to provide reference for the future introduction of the product, the service to the health of the Chinese people and the promotion of the "double cycle" of the trade of health products between China and the international community.
Animals ; China ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; Plant Extracts ; Withania ; Withanolides

Colorectal cancer is a malignancy with high mortality. Huangqin Tea(HQT) can exert potential preventive and therapeutic effects on colorectal cancer. Flavonoids are the main compounds in HQT, but the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism are unclear. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict and analyze the targets and signaling pathways of HQT in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. The active components of flavonoids in HQT were searched and screened out by literature review and FAFDrugs4. The related targets of active components were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction, STITCH, and TCMSP. Colorectal cancer-related genes were collected from OMIM, TTD, and GeneCards. The common targets were obtained as the potential targets of HQT in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. Metascape was used for GO function enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Cytoscape was used to construct the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network and "component-target-disease-pathway" network to obtained and analyze core targets and key components. AutoDock Vina was used for molecular docking verification of key components and core targets. The results showed that apigenin, luteolin, wogonin, and baicalein were presumedly the key active components in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer, and core targets included TP53, AKT1, VEGFA, PIK3 CA, and SRC. The key KEGG signaling pathways mainly involved PI3 K-AKT, AGE-RAGE, p53, NF-κB, Wnt, Hippo, and calcium signaling pathways. Further molecular docking results showed that four key components showed strong hydrogen bonding ability with the five core targets. This study preliminarily reveals the pharmacodynamic material basis and potential mechanism of HQT in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer and provides a theoretical and scientific basis for the application of HQT.
Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Network Pharmacology ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; Tea

Stilbenes is a class of natural polyphenols with 1,2-diphenylethylene as the skeleton structure which have structural and active diversity. However, there are fewer studies on their metabolic process, which limits the in-depth research and development of such components. An UPLC-MS/MS method simultaneously determining contents of ten stilbenes was firstly established in this study and applied to study the ten stilbenes of peony seed coats in the serum of C57 mice.Piceatannol was the internal standard, and methanol was used for protein precipitation, UPLC-MS/MS with negative ion mode was used for analysis, and the method was validated.The serum samples were collected and detected after mice being oral administered with 800 mg·kg~(-1) peony seed coat extracts for 8 weeks. The results showed that suffruticosol A, suffruticosol B, suffruticosol C, trans-ε-viniferin, cis-gnetin H, trans-suffruticosol D and trans-gnetin H were detected in serum samples, and the highest is suffruticosol A. The method is simple and quick with high specificity and sensitivity, and it is suitable for quantitative determination of ten stilbenes in the serum of mice.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Mice ; Paeonia ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Stilbenes ; analysis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To investigate the correlation of serum total bile acid (BA) with inflammatory cytokines and ventricular remodeling in elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods A total of 82 patients with CHF were divided into mild group (NYHA grade Ⅱ, n=47) and moderate group (NYHA grade Ⅲ, n=35), according to the grade of cardiac function. A total of 32 subjects with normal physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. Serum levels of BA, IL-6, TNF-α, pro-BNP, LVEDD and LVEF were measured respectively. Results There were significant differences in IL-6, TNF-α, BA, pro-BNP, LVEDD and LVEF between the three groups (all P<0.05), which were significantly higher in CHF group than those of control group, and which were increased with the increase of cardiac function grade (P<0.05). The value of LVEF was significantly lower in CHF group than that of control group, and which was decreased with the increase of cardiac function grade (P<0.05). There were positive correlations between BA, IL-6, TNF-α, pro-BNP and LVEDD (P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between BA and LVEF (P<0.05). Conclusion Serum BA level is correlated with inflammation and ventricular remodel, and which has a certain reference value for the evaluation of cardiac function in elderly patients with CHF .

Objective To report clinical application of free chimeric vascularized fibular graft combined with sural flap for reconstruction of composite extremity defects after open fracture.Methods From June 2010 to July 2014,free chimeric vascularized fibular grafts and sural flaps were used to treat 4 patients with composite extremity defects at Department of Orthopaedics,The Sixth People's Hospital.They were 3 men and one woman,aged from 39 to 61 years(average,48.5 years).There were 2 cases of soft tissue defects on the forearm complicated with radial defect,one case of soft tissue defects on the forearm complicated with ulnar shaft defect,and one case of soft tissue defects on the leg complicated with tibial defect.The length of bone defect ranged from 8 cm to 18 cm (average,13.0 cm);the size of soft tissue defects ranged from 22 cm × 6cmto23cm × 15 cm (average,22.3cm × 9.7cm).Results The area of flap ranged from 25 cm × 9 cm to 26 cm × 18 cm (average,25 cm × 13 cm);the length of fibular graft ranged from 8 cm to 18 cm (average,13 cm).The 4 patients were followed up for 8 to 42 months (average,20.5 months).All the chimeric flaps survived.All the fractures united after an average of 8.5 months.The last follow-ups revealed no refracture.All the patients were satisfied with the outcomes.Conclusion Free chimeric vascularized fibular graft combined with sural flap is a reliable choice for reconstruction of composite extremity defects after open fracture.

BACKGROUNDDyslipidemia, a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is common in patients with kidney disease. Recent studies discerned that dyslipidemias play a critical role in renal damage progression in renal diseases, but the association between dyslipidemias and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population remains unknown. Thus, we assessed whether the growing prevalence of dyslipidemia could increase the risk of CKD.

METHODSA total of 4779 middle-aged and elderly participants participated in this study. Dyslipidemias were defined by the 2007 Guidelines in Chinese Adults. Incident CKD was defined as albuminuria and/or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, < 60 ml×min(-1)×1.73 m(-2)). Regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between dyslipidemia and albuminuria/reduced eGFR.

RESULTSParticipants with hypercholesterolemia exhibited a greater prevalence of albuminuria and reduced eGFR (10.0% vs. 6.1%, P = 0.001; 4.0% vs. 2.4%, P = 0.028, respectively). Both hypercholesterolemia and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were independently associated with albuminuria (odds ratio (OR) 1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08 - 2.07 and OR 1.53; 95%CI 1.13 - 2.09, respectively). The multivariable adjusted OR of reduced eGFR in participants with hypercholesterolemia was 1.65 (95%CI 1.03 - 2.65). As the number of dyslipidemia components increased, so did the OR of CKD: 0.87 (95%CI 0.65 - 1.15), 1.29 (95%CI, 0.83 - 2.01), and 7.87 (95%CI, 3.75 - 16.50) for albuminuria, and 0.38 (95%CI 0.21 - 0.69), 1.92 (95%CI 1.14 - 3.25), and 5.85 (95%CI 2.36 - 14.51) for reduced eGFR, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSOur findings indicate that dyslipidemias increase the risk of CKD in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. Hypercholesterolemia plays an important role in reducing total eGFR. Both low HDL-C and hypercholesterolemia are associated with an increased risk for albuminuria.

Aged ; Albuminuria ; epidemiology ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dyslipidemias ; complications ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; epidemiology ; etiology ; physiopathology

Background Dyslipidemia,a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease,is common in patients with kidney disease.Recent studies discerned that dyslipidemias play a critical role in renal damage progression in renal diseases,but the association between dyslipidemias and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population remains unknown.Thus,we assessed whether the growing prevalence of dyslipidemia could increase the risk of CKD.Methods A total of 4779 middle-aged and elderly participants participated in this study.Dyslipidemias were defined by the 2007 Guidelines in Chinese Adults.Incident CKD was defined as albuminuria and/or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR,＜60 ml.min-1.1.73 m-2).Regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between dyslipidemia and albuminuria/reduced eGFR.Results Participants with hypercholesterolemia exhibited a greater prevalence of albuminuria and reduced eGFR (10.0％ vs.6.1％,P=-0.001; 4.0％ vs.2.4％,P=-0.028,respectively).Both hypercholesterolemia and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were independently associated with albuminuria (odds ratio (OR) 1.49; 95％ confidence interval (CI) 1.08-2.07 and OR 1.53; 95％ CI 1.13-2.09,respectively).The multivariable adjusted OR of reduced eGFR in participants with hypercholesterolemia was 1.65 (95％ CI 1.03-2.65).As the number of dyslipidemia components increased,so did the OR of CKD:0.87 (95％ CI 0.65-1.15),1.29 (95％ CI,0.83-2.01),and 7.87 (95％ CI,3.75-16.50) for albuminuria,and 0.38 (95％ CI 0.21-0.69),1.92 (95％ CI 1.14-3.25),and 5.85 (95％ CI 2.36-14.51)for reduced eGFR,respectively.Conclusions Our findings indicate that dyslipidemias increase the risk of CKD in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population.Hypercholesterolemia plays an important role in reducing total eGFR.Both low HDL-C and hypercholesterolemia are associated with an increased risk for albuminuria.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of Ehretia thyrsiflora.

METHODCompounds were isolated by using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-C18 chromatography; their structures were elucidated by means of spectral data analysis.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated and identified as methyl rosmarinate (1), caffeic acid (2), quercetin (3), kampferol (4), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-D-arabinoside (5), quercetin 3-O-alpha-D-arabinoside (6), and p-hydroxy benzoic acid (7).

CONCLUSIONAll these compounds were isolated from E. thyrsiflora for the first time. Compounds 2-7 were isolated from genus Ehretia for the first time.

Acetates ; analysis ; Boraginaceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry