ObjectiveTo analyze the expression level of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 （TREM-1） in serum and ascites of patients with cirrhotic ascites， and to investigate its correlation with clinical features and inflammatory markers and its role in the diagnosis of infection and prognostic evaluation. MethodsA total of 110 patients with cirrhotic ascites who were hospitalized in The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang from January 2019 to December 2020 were enrolled， and according to the presence or absence of intra-abdominal infection， they were divided into infection group with 72 patients and non-infection group with 38 patients. The patients with infection were further divided into improvement group with 38 patients and non-improvement group with 34 patients. Clinical data and laboratory markers were collected from all patients. Serum and ascites samples were collected， and ELISA was used to measure the level of TREM-1. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups； the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. A Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between indicators. A multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with cirrhotic ascites and infection. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic efficacy of each indicator， and the Delong test was used for comparison of the area under the ROC curve （AUC）. ResultsThe level of TREM-1 in ascites was significantly positively correlated with that in serum （r=0.50， P<0.001）. Compared with the improvement group， the non-improvement group had a significantly higher level of TREM-1 in ascites （Z=-2.391， P=0.017） and serum （Z=-2.544， P=0.011）， and compared with the non-infection group， the infection group had a significantly higher level of TREM-1 in ascites （Z=-3.420， P<0.001）， while there was no significant difference in the level of TREM-1 in serum between the two groups （P>0.05）. The level of TREM-1 in serum and ascites were significantly positively correlated with C-reactive protein （CRP）， procalcitonin （PCT）， white blood cell count， and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio （r=0.288， 0.344， 0.530， 0.510， 0.534， 0.454， 0.330， and 0.404， all P<0.05）. The ROC curve analysis showed that when PCT， CRP， and serum or ascitic TREM-1 were used in combination for the diagnosis of cirrhotic ascites with infection， the AUCs were 0.715 and 0.740， respectively. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CRP （odds ratio ［OR］=1.019， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.001‍ ‍—‍ ‍1.038， P=0.043） and serum TREM-1 （OR=1.002， 95%CI： 1.000‍ ‍—‍ ‍1.003， P=0.016） were independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients with cirrhotic ascites and infection， and the combination of these two indicators had an AUC of 0.728 in predicting poor prognosis. ConclusionThe level of TREM-1 is closely associated with the severity of infection and prognosis in patients with cirrhotic ascites， and combined measurement of TREM-1 and CRP/PCT can improve the diagnostic accuracy of infection and provide support for prognostic evaluation.

Medication adherence is an important indicator for assessing whether patients follow medical advice during treatment， and its level directly affects disease control and the quality of life of patients. Therefore， accurate and effective assessment is essential for chronic disease management and intervention. This paper takes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and asthma， two types of chronic respiratory diseases， as representative to review the existing measurement methods and current application status of medication adherence. It is found that the existing assessment methods for medication adherence can be categorized into objective measurement methods and subjective measurement methods. Objective measures include drug concentration monitoring， pill counting， and electronic medication devices， which generally offer high accuracy. Subjective measures include physician assessments， inhalation technique evaluations， and questionnaires. While these methods are straightforward and easy to implement， their accuracy is often influenced by the subjective factors of assessors of patients， which may lead to biased results. Currently， there is still a lack of a universally accepted “gold standard” for evaluating medication adherence. Selecting the appropriate measurement method requires a comprehensive consideration of factors such as research objectives， disease type， patient characteristics， and data availability to ensure the validity and reliability of the assessment results.

Pyroptosis is the programmed death of cells accompanied by an inflammatory response and is widely involved in the development of a variety of diseases, such as infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. It has been shown that cellular scorching is involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH) in cardiovascular diseases. Patients with PAH have perivascular inflammatory infiltrates in lungs, pulmonary vasculopathy exists in an extremely inflam-matory microenvironment, and pro-inflammatory factors in cellular scorching drive pulmonary vascular remodelling in PAH patients. This article reviews the role of cellular scorch in the pathogenesis of PAH and the related research on drugs for the treatment of PAH, with the aim of providing new ideas for clinical treatment of PAH.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of long non-coding RNA C-terminal binding protein 1 antisense RNA2(LncRNA CTBP1-AS2)and microRNA-140-5p(miR-140-5p)levels in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and the radiotherapeutic effect and prognosis.Methods A total of 222 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients diagnosed in Nantong Cancer Hospital from March 2018 to March 2020 were collected as the nasopharyngeal carcinoma group.The clinical data of these patients were recorded,the radiotherapeutic effect and prognosis were evaluated,and they were grouped into the survival group(n=194)and the death group(n=28).Meanwhile,another 219 patients with nasopharyngeal inflammation were collected as the control group.Correlation between LncRNA CTBP1-AS2 and miR-140-5p expression levels in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients was calculated using Pearson correlation analysis.Kaplan-Meier survival curve was applied to analyze the relationship between the expression levels of LncRNA CTBP1-AS2 and miR-140-5p in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue and prognosis.Multivariate analysis was conducted on the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients using Cox proportional risk regression model.Results The expression level of LncRNA CTBP1-AS2 in the tissues of patients in nasopharyngeal carcinoma group(2.25±0.46)was higher than that in the control group(1.02±0.22),while the expression level of miR-140-5p(0.67±0.19)was lower than that in the control group(1.01±0.23),and the differences were statistically significant(t=35.742,16.934,all P<0.001).There was a negative correlation between LncRNA CTBP1-AS2 and miR-140-5p expression levels in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients(r=-0.624,P<0.001).The total effective rate(74.11%)and 3-year survival rate(77.68%)of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with high expression of LncRNA CTBP1-AS2 after radiotherapy were lower than those with low expression(93.64%,97.27%),and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=15.578,19.331,all P<0.001).The total effective rate(93.58%)and 3-year survival rate(96.33%)of patients with high expression of miR-140-5p after radiotherapy were higher than those of patients with low expression(74.34%,78.76%),and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=15.119,15.538,all P<0.001).The magnetic resonance amide proton transfer(APT)value(2.10±0.26),the proportion of patients with radiotherapy failure(85.71%),high expression of LncRNA CTBP1-AS2(89.29%),and low expression of miR-140-5p(85.71%)in the death group were higher than those in the survival group(1.82±0.31,6.19%,44.85%,45.88%),and the differences were statistically significant(t/χ2=4.551,108.127,19.331,15.538,all P<0.001).The level of LncRNA CTBP1-AS2 was a risk factor for mortality within 3 years in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients(HR=2.762,95%CI:1.510～5.051,P=0.001),while the level of miR-140-5p was a protective factor for mortality within 3 years in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients(HR=0.817,95%CI:0.718～0.930,P=0.002).Conclusion LncRNA CTBP1-AS2 was highly expressed,while miR-140-5p was lowly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue,indicating the two may be closely related to the radiotherapeutic effect and prognosis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of aspirin versus other anticoagulants in the prevention of thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， the Cochrane Library， CNKI， Wanfang data and VIP， randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and cohort studies about aspirin （trial group） versus other anticoagulants （control group） were collected during the inception and June 1st， 2023. After literature screening， data extraction and quality evaluation， the meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS A total of 22 studies were included， involving 9 RCTs and 13 cohort studies. RCT results showed that the incidences of deep vein thrombosis （DVT） [RR＝1.81， 95%CI（1.36， 2.40）， P＜0.000 1] and postoperative pulmonary embolism （PE） [RR＝1.55， 95%CI（1.01， 2.40）， P＝0.05] in trial group were significantly higher than control group. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidences of postoperative massive bleeding， postoperative surgical site infection， all-cause death， or any bleeding after surgery between 2 groups. In the cohort study， the incidence of any bleeding in trial group was significantly lower than control group [RR＝0.71，95%CI （0.64， 0.79）， P＜0.000 1]， while the differences in other indicators were not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. The results of subgroup analysis based on different anticoagulants showed that in RCT， the incidences of DVT and PE after surgery in patients using low-molecular-weight heparin （LMWH） were significantly lower than using aspirin （P＜0.05）； in the cohort study， the incidences of DVT and PE after surgery were significantly lower in patients using direct oral anticoagulants （DOAC） than using aspirin （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of major bleeding between patients using aspirin and using DOAC and LWMH （P＞0.05） in both RCT and cohort study. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin is equally safe as other anticoagulants for the prevention of thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery， but its efficacy may not be as good as other anticoagulants. After orthopedic surgery， other anticoagulants should be preferred to prevent venous thromboembolism， and aspirin should be carefully considered.

Chronic bronchitis （CB） is a common respiratory system disease that is classified as a lung disease in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and is closely related to lung dysfunction. Lung Yang is the Yang Qi of the lungs，which drives the physiological activities within the lungs. It has physiological functions such as warming the lung system，regulating lung fluid，and dispersing the protective Yang. It can be distributed on the surface of the airway's Yin skin through sweat pores in the form of airflow and fluid，playing a protective and nourishing role. If the protective Yang fails to guard the Yin skin or if the lung fluid cannot nourish the Yin skin，the structural integrity of the airway's Yin skin may be compromised. This may weaken lung Yang's functions， such as clearing phlegm turbidity，dispersing lung fluid，and resisting external pathogens. Consequently， the retention of phlegm turbidity，insufficient nourishment of the Yin skin，and invasion by external pathogens all damage the lung Yang，burn the lung fluid，and exacerbate the pathological state of Yin skin unprotected，forming a vicious cycle that ultimately results in lung Yang asthenia and then the onset of CB. Based on the intrinsic connection between "Yin skin unprotected" and "lung Yang asthenia"，this paper interprets the etiology and pathogenesis of CB. It proposes that "Yin skin unprotected" in the airway is the basic cause of CB and "lung Yang asthenia" caused by "Yin skin unprotected" is the core pathogenesis of CB. By integrating micro differentiation indicators with macro differentiation syndromes， the study explores its modern biological basis. Guided by the theory of "warming the lung Yang and protecting the Yin skin" and based on modern pharmacology research，this study further explores the scientific connotation of single TCM and compound formulations for treating TCM by warming the lung Yang and protecting the Yin skin. Furthermore， it proposes methods for dispelling pathogenic factors and protecting the Yin skin during the acute exacerbation phase，as well as nourishing and warming lung Yang during the remission phase，in order to provide new ideas for the early prevention and treatment of TCM.

Background Comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)and emotional dysregulation may represent a distinct subtype of ADHD,which is characterized by an increased risk of anxiety or depressive disorder and a poor clinical prognosis,so research is urgently required to explore its unique executive functioning profile and clinical characteristics.However,there is limited research comparing the clinical symptoms and executive function in children with ADHD in terms of the presence or absence of emotional dysregulation.Objective To explore the executive function and clinical characteristics of ADHD children with emotional dysregulation.Methods From June 2020 to December 2023,118 children aged 7 to 12 with ADHD attending the Mental Health Center of West China Hospital,Sichuan University and fulfilling the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,fifth edition(DSM-5)diagnostic criteria were enrolled.Children were classified into emotional dysregulation group(n=68)and non-emotional dysregulation group(n=50)based on the standard T-scores of Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL)-anxious/depressed,aggressive behavior and attention problems subscales.All children were then subjected to complete the Chinese version of Swanson Nolan and Pelham,Version IV Scale-parent form(SNAP-IV),Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(C-WISC),Weiss Functional Impairment Scale-Parent form(WFIRS-P)and 4 tests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery(CANTAB):①Stockings of Cambridge(SOC)testing spatial planning.②Intradimensional-extradimensional Set Shifting(IED)testing cognitive/attentional flexibility,adjusting the total errors across the task.③Spatial Working Memory(SWM)testing spatial working memory.④Rapid Visual Information Processing(RVP)testing sustained attention.Results The SNAP-IV Inattention,Hyperactivity/Impulsivity and Oppositional Defiant Disorder domain scores and total score were all higher in emotional dysregulation group compared with non-emotional dysregulation group(t=3.206,5.088,6.316,6.553,P<0.01).The WFIRS-P family,school learning,life skills,self-concept,social activities and risky activities domain scores and total score were all higher in emotional dysregulation group compared with non-emotional dysregulation group(t=6.074,4.406,4.143,3.984,6.575,6.662,8.254,P<0.01).In CANTAB,emotional dysregulation group made more total adjusted errors across the IED task compared with non-emotional dysregulation group(t=2.168,P<0.05).Conclusion Children with ADHD who exhibit emotional dysregulation have been observed to experience more severe core symptoms,impaired social functioning and poorer performance on tests assessing executive function,particularly in the area of cognitive flexibility.

Background Cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)is a widely used and empirically supported psychotherapy method.In recent years,the localization of CBT related to culture has received increasing attention from Chinese scholars.However,there is still a lack of systematic research on the localization of CBT using idioms as materials.Objective To explore whether idioms reflect the mutual influence between the two core therapeutic elements of CBT(cognition and emotion)and to use them as CBT treatment tools among college students,so as to provide references for the localization of CBT.Methods Using the Xinhua Idiom Dictionary(second edition)published by the Commercial Press,a three-round manual screening method was used to select idioms that reflected the mutual influence between cognition and emotion in CBT.Based on the selected idioms,a survey questionnaire titled"survey on idiom understanding level"was developed.From August to October,2022,stratified sampling was conducted among college students from different majors and universities,and 815 valid questionnaires were obtained through the Questionnaire Star platform.By analyzing the understanding of each idiom among college students,idioms that could be used as CBT treatment tools were identified.Results In the Xinhua Idiom Dictionary(second edition),there were 13 idioms that reflected the influence of cognition on emotion and 5 idioms that reflected the influence of emotion on cognition.12 idioms could be used as CBT treatment tools,including 8 idioms that reflected the influence of cognition on emotion and 4 idioms that reflected the influence of emotion on cognition.Conclusion There may be idioms that reflect the mutual influence between the two core therapeutic elements of CBT(cognition and emotion)and these idioms can be attempted as a therapeutic tool for CBT among college students.

Objective To explore the application value of echocardiography in the differential diagnosis of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis(ATTR-CA)and immunoglobulin light chain cardiac amyloidosis(AL-CA).Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of echocardiographic parameters of 50 confirmed CA patients diagnosed between November 2021 and January 2024 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,including 6 cases of ATTR and 44 cases of AL.Parameters that could potentially distinguish between the two subtypes were selected using t-tests and x2 tests,and the diagnostic capabilities of these parameters for the two subtypes were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results There were no statistically significant differences in general characteristics,global longitudinal strain(GLS),ratio of apical to basal strain,ejection fraction to GLS ratio(EFSR),maximum thickness of left ventricular myocardium,relative thickness of left ventricular wall,presence of thickened atrioventricular valves,or presence of enlarged atria between ATTR and AL groups(P＞0.05).The interventricular septal thickness was greater than in ATTR group than in AL group(P＜0.05),and the E/e'ratio(ratio of spectral Doppler early diastolic peak velocity to tissue Doppler early diastolic peak velocity)was greater in ATTR group than in AL group(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve for distinguishing between the two subtypes based on interventricular septal thickness and E/e'ratio were 0.891(95％CI:0.792-0.991)and 0.826(95％CI:0.698-0.955),respectively,with a sensitivity of 100.00％and specificity of 95.24％for combined diagnosis.Conclusion Echocardiographic parameters,including E/e'ratio and interventricular septal thickness,may have clinical significance in distinguishing between the two main subtypes of CA in patients.

Objective To develop a two-dimensional liquid chromatographic method for rifapentine blood concentration determination.Methods The blood concentration of rifapentine was determined by a novel two-dimensional liquid chromatography(2D-LC)with a one-dimensional column:Aston SC2T(3.5 mm ×50.0 mm,5 μm);a two-dimensional column:Aston SCB(4.6 mm ×250.0 mm,5 μm);the temperature of the column was 40 ℃;the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1;the detection wavelength was 335 nm;the injection volume was 300 μL.The specificity,standard curve and lower limit of quantification,precision and recovery,and stability of the method were investigated.The method was used to determine the blood concentration of rifapentine in tuberculosis patients.Results Rifapentine showed good linearity within 0.33-18.62 μg·mL-1 with the standard curve equation of y=2.68 x 105x-5 850.36(r=0.997),the recoveries were 99.81％-105.08％,and the intra-and inter-day precision were ≤4.84％.The results of rifapentine blood concentration measurements in tuberculosis patients were in the range of 0.10-54.70μg·mL-1,and 64.74％were within the therapeutic window concentration range(8-30 μg·mL-1).Conclusion The method is easy to operate,has high sensitivity,low detection limit and high specificity,and is suitable for clinical blood concentration determination.Individual differences in the administration of rifapentine in tuberculosis patients are large,and blood concentration monitoring is required for individualized treatment.