Objective : To investigate the effect of chromosome instability(CIN) associated gene polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 7(GALNT7) on proliferation and apoptosis of HCT116 colon cancer cells. Methods : The HCT116 cell line withGALNT7knockdown was constructed by lentiviral infection. The correlation betweenGALNT7and CIN was verified by chromosome spread assay. The effect ofGALNT7on cell proliferation was detected by live cell counting, and the effect ofGALNT7on cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry and Western blot. Caspase-3 activity and Western blot assays were used to detect the effect ofGALNT7on apoptosis. Results : HCT116 cells showed a slower proliferation rate upon knocking down ofGALNT7, and exhibited a more scattered karyotype distribution and a phenotype of increased degree of CIN. Inhibition ofGALNT7in HCT116 cells resulted in cell cycle arrest, upregulation of P21 and downregulation of CDK6 protein levels, as well as increased levels of Caspase-3 activity, cleaved PARP1 and PUMA protein expression, and decreased levels of BCL-2 protein expression. Conclusion TheGALNT7gene may promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of HCT116 colon cancer cells through the suppression of CIN generation.

Pyroptosis is the programmed death of cells accompanied by an inflammatory response and is widely involved in the development of a variety of diseases, such as infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. It has been shown that cellular scorching is involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH) in cardiovascular diseases. Patients with PAH have perivascular inflammatory infiltrates in lungs, pulmonary vasculopathy exists in an extremely inflam-matory microenvironment, and pro-inflammatory factors in cellular scorching drive pulmonary vascular remodelling in PAH patients. This article reviews the role of cellular scorch in the pathogenesis of PAH and the related research on drugs for the treatment of PAH, with the aim of providing new ideas for clinical treatment of PAH.

Background The Qingcaosha Reservoir is facing issues of algal blooms and eutrophication, and the resulting increase in the level of chlorination disinfection by-products in the water has been a major concern. Objective To evaluate the impact of "Algae Monitoring and Control Program in Qingcaosha Reservoir" (hereinafter referred to as the program) on the control of trihalomethanes (THMs) in conventional finished water. Methods From 2011 to 2019, water samples were collected from the Lujiazui Water Plant once per season, one sample each time, and the concentrations of four THMs (trichloromethane, dichlorobromomethane, monochlorodibromomethane, and tribromomethane) were measured in the samples. Using 2014 when the program was implemented as a cut-off point, the entire study period was divided into two phases: pre-implementation (2011–2013) and post-implementation(2014–2019). Segmented linear regression with interrupted time series analysis was applied to assess the concentrations and trends of THMs in the finished water before and after the program launch. Results The concentration of total THMs in finished water increased by 1.561 µg·L⁻¹ (P=0.010) for each season of time extension before launching the program. The change in the concentration of total THMs in finished water was not statistically significant after the program launch, but the THMs concentration showed a decreasing trend as the slope was −0.626 (P=0.001). From 2017 until the end of 2019, the average concentration of THMs in finished water of Lujiazui Water Plant dropped to 10 μg·L⁻¹ or less. Conclusions The algae and eutrophication control measures in Qingcaosha Reservoir have achieved good results, controlling THMs in finished water at a low level, and the trend of THMs has changed from a yearly increase pattern before the program to a yearly decrease pattern after the program.

Objective To observe the cage subsidence after oblique lateral interbody fusion(OLIF)for lumbar spondylo-sis,summarize the characteristics of the cage subsidence,analyze causes,and propose preventive measures.Methods The data of 144 patients of lumbar spine lesions admitted to our hospital from October 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively ana-lyzed.There were 43 males and 101 females,and the age ranged from 20 to 81 years old,with an average of(60.90±10.06)years old.Disease types:17 patients of lumbar intervertebral disc degenerative disease,12 patients of giant lumbar disc hernia-tion,5 patients of discogenic low back pain,33 patients of lumbar spinal stenosis,26 patients of lumbar degenerative spondy-lolisthesis,28 patients of lumbar spondylolisthesis with spondylolisthesis,11 patients of adjacent vertebral disease after lumbar internal fixation,7 patients of primary spondylitis in the inflammatory outcome stage,and 5 patients of lumbar degenerative scoliosis.Preoperative dual-energy X-ray bone mineral density examination showed 57 patients of osteopenia or osteoporosis,and 87 patients of normal bone density.The number of fusion segments:124 patients of single-segment,11 patients of two-seg-ment,8 patients of three-segment,four-segment 1 patient.There were 40 patients treated by stand-alone OLIF,and 104 patients by OLIF combined with posterior pedicle screw.Observed the occurrence of fusion cage settlement after operation,conducted monofactor analysis on possible risk factors,and observed the influence of fusion cage settlement on clinical results.Results All operations were successfully completed,the median operation time was 99 min,and the median intraoperative blood loss was 106 ml.Intraoperative endplate injury occurred in 30 patients and vertebral fracture occurred in 5 patients.The mean follow-up was(14.57±7.14)months from 6 to 30 months.During the follow-up,except for the patients of primary lumbar interstitial in-flammation and some patients of lumbar spondylolisthesis with spondylolisthesis,the others all had different degrees of cage subsidence.Cage subsidence classification:119 patients were normal subsidence,and 25 patients were abnormal subsidence(23 patients were grade Ⅰ,and 2 patients were grade Ⅱ).There was no loosening or rupture of the pedicle screw system.The height of the intervertebral space recovered from the preoperative average(9.48±1.84)mm to the postoperative average(12.65±2.03)mm,and the average(10.51±1.81)mm at the last follow-up.There were statistical differences between postop-erative and preoperative,and between the last follow-up and postoperative.The interbody fusion rate was 94.4％.The low back pain VAS decreased from the preoperative average(6.55±2.2 9)to the last follow-up(1.40±0.82),and there was statistically significant different.The leg pain VAS decreased from the preoperative average(4.72±1.49)to the final follow-up(0.60± 0.03),and the difference was statistically significant(t=9.13,P＜0.000 1).The ODI index recovered from the preoperative av-erage(38.50±6.98)％to the latest follow-up(11.30±3.27)％,and there was statistically significant different.The complication rate was 31.3％(45/144),and the reoperation rate was 9.72％(14/144).Among them,8 patients were reoperated due to fusion cage subsidence or displacement,accounting for 57.14％(8/14)of reoperation.The fusion cage subsidence in this group had obvious characteristics.The monofactor analysis showed that the number of abnormal subsidence patients in the osteopenia or osteoporosis group,Stand-alone OLIF group,2 or more segments fusion group,and endplate injury group was higher than that in the normal bone mass group,OLIF combined with pedicle screw fixation group,single segment fusion group,and no endplate injury group,and the comparison had statistical differences.Conclusion Cage subsidence is a common phenomenon after 0-LIF surgery.Preoperative osteopenia or osteoporosis,Stand-alone OLIF,2 or more segments of fusion and intraoperative end-plate injury may be important factors for postoperative fusion cage subsidence.Although there is no significant correlation be-tween the degree of cage subsidence and clinical symptoms,there is a risk of cage migration,and prevention needs to be strengthened to reduce serious complications caused by fusion of cage subsidence,including reoperation.

Objective To explore the potential influencing factors and complex pathways affecting rehabilitation effect for children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)from the perspective of parental efficacy in doctor-patient communication,and to provide evidence for improving the quality of rehabilitation service for children with ASD. Methods An anonymous face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted to collect general demographic information of parents of children with ASD at designated rehabilitation institutions in Gansu province.The data included paren-tal efficacy in doctor-patient communication,parental compliance of treatment and children's rehabilitation out-comes were collected.A structural equation model was used to explore the impact mechanism of parental commu-nication efficacy on the rehabilitation outcomes of children with ASD. Results Data from 519 parents at 37 rehabilitation institutions across 13 cities/counties in Gansu province were collect-ed.Significant positive correlations were found between parental efficacy in doctor-patient communication,doc-tor-patient relationships,parental compliance with treatment and rehabilitation outcomes for children with ASD(P＜0.05).Through structural equation model analysis,the standardized direct effect of children with ASD from parents'doctor-patient communication efficacy was 0.151(P=0.023).The mediating effect of doctor-patient rela-tionship and parental compliance with treatment were 0.160(P=0.001)and 0.111(P=0.001),respectively,with a chained mediating effect of 0.035(P=0.001).The pathway"parental efficacy in doctor-patient communica-tion → doctor-patient relationship → ASD child's rehabilitation outcome"accounted for the highest proportion of the total mediating effect,at 52.29%. Conclusion Parental doctor-patient communication efficacy may positively impact on the rehabilitation outcomes of chil-dren with ASD directly,and indirectly through the doctor-patient relationship and parental compliance with treat-ment.Rehabilitation institutions should focus on fostering parental communication skills and enhancing high-quality and humanized rehabilitation services.

Objective:To study the influences of circular RNA ras homolog family member T1(CircRHOT1)on the prolifera-tion,apoptosis and immune escape of breast cancer cells by regulating the miR-187-3p/sex-determining region Y-box protein 4(SOX4)axis.Methods:Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of CircRHOT1,miR-187-3p and SOX4 in human normal breast epithelial cells MCF-10A and breast cancer cells MCF-7,Hs-578T and MDA-MB-231 in vitro;MCF-7 cells cultured in vitro were randomly separated into control group,CircRHOT1 knockdown(transfected with CircRHOT1 siRNA plasmid)group,miR-187-3p mimics(transfected with miR-187-3p mimics)group,co-transfection negative control(transfected with empty plasmid and miR-187-3p inhibitor negative control)group,and CircRHOT1 knockdown+miR-187-3p inhibitor(transfected with CircRHOT1 siRNA plasmid and miR-187-3p inhibitor)group.After grouping and transfection,real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of CircRHOT1,miR-187-3p and SOX4 in each group;cell proliferation in each group was detected by EdU staining and plate colony formation assay;cell apoptosis in each group was detected by flow cytometry;im-munofluorescence staining was used to detect the ratio of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2(Bax/Bcl-2)expressions in each group.The cells of each group were co-cultured with human peripheral blood lymphocytes and transfected into groups,flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of activated CD8+T cells in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in each group;the killing rate of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to MCF-7 cells in each group was detected by MTT assay.Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the targeted regulation of miR-187-3p and miR-187-3p on SOX4 by CircRHOT1 in MCF-7 cells.Results:Compared with human normal breast epithelial cells MCF-10A,human breast cancer MCF-7,Hs-578T and MDA-MB-231 cells had obviously higher protein and mRNA expression of CircRHOT1 and SOX4(P<0.05),and obviously lower expression of miR-187-3p(P<0.05).Com-pared with control group,the protein and mRNA expression of SOX4,EdU positive rate and colony formation rate of cells in Circ-RHOT1 knockdown group and miR-187-3p mimics group decreased(P<0.05),the expression of miR-187-3p,apoptosis rate,Bax/Bcl-2,the proportion of activated CD8+T cells in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and the killing rate on MCF-7 cells increased(P<0.05).Compared with CircRHOT1 knockdown group,there was no obvious difference in the expression of CircRHOT1 in the CircRHOT1 knockdown+miR-187-3p inhibitor group(P>0.05),the protein and mRNA expression of SOX4,EdU positive rate and colony formation rate of cells increased(P<0.05),the expression of miR-187-3p,apoptosis rate,Bax/Bcl-2,the proportion of activated CD8+T cells in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and the killing rate on MCF-7 cells decreased(P<0.05);there was no obvious difference in the indexes of cells in co-transfection negative control group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Knockdown of CircRHOT1 can reduce the expression of SOX4 by up-regulating miR-187-3p,thereby attenuating the proliferative activity of breast cancer cells and promoting their apoptosis.It can also inhibit the activation of CD8+T cells and enhance their cancer cell cytotoxicity,thereby weakening immune evasion of breast cancer cells.

Objective To observe the effect of intra-arterial nimodipine perfusion after interventional embolization in the treatment of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm(SCVS)after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(aSAH)and explore its influence on vascular endothelial function.Methods Patients with SCVS after aSAH were divided into treatment group and control group according to cohort methods.Both groups received interventional embolization based on symptomatic supportive treatment,and were given conventional 3H treatments such as blood dilution,dilatation and pressure enhancement after surgery,and the treatment group was additionally given intra-arterial perfusion of nimodipine(20％nimodipine was injected by electronic pump through the femoral artery sheath at a rate of 0.2 mg·min-1 for 2 mg once a day,vascular sheath was removed and nimodipine tablet after 7 days of medication was taken orally for 60-120 mg twice a day after meals),and both groups were treated for 14 days.The cerebrovascular blood flow velocity,laboratory indicators,postoperative complications and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results There were 41 cases in treatment group,and 38 cases in control group.After 2 weeks of treatment,the average blood flow velocities of anterior cerebral artery(ACA)in treatment group and control group were(84.32±5.27)and(93.46±5.61)cm·s-1,the average blood flow velocities of middle cerebral artery(MCA)were(86.05±5.94)and(95.23±6.37)cm·s-1,the average blood flow velocities of posterior cerebral artery(PCA)were(59.41±4.82)and(71.56±5.39)cm·s-1 respectively(all P＜0.05).The levels of serum endothelin-1(ET-1)in treatment group and control group after 2 weeks of treatment were(76.32±10.58)and(94.16±10.98)pg·mL-1;the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)were(127.45±14.83)and(164.85±15.62)ng·mL-1;the levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1(sFlt-1)were(103.67±15.34)and(114.98±16.43)ng·L-1;the levels of plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sCAM-1)were(234.81±62.79)and(285.36±90.24)ng·mL-1;the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α(HIF-2α)were(98.74±7.56)and(102.49±8.35)pg·mL-1;the levels of serum nitric oxide(NO)were(43.16±4.91)and(39.72±5.37)mmol·L-1,all with significant difference(all P＜0.05).The incidence rates of delayed cerebral vasospasm(DCVS)and hydrocephalus were 4.88％and 9.76％in treatment group after surgery,lower than 21.05％and 28.95％in control group(all P＜0.05).The proportion of Glasgow outcome scale(GOS)score of 5 points in treatment group at 3 months after surgery was higher than that in control group(78.05％vs 55.26％,P＜0.05).Conclusion After interventional embolization,intra-arterial perfusion of nimodipine for SCVS after aSAH can help to relieve the inflammatory response,improve the vascular endothelial function and reduce the cerebral blood flow velocity,and it plays a positive role on reducing the cerebral tissue injury and improving the prognosis of patients.

To explore the protective mechanisms of a novel molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) nanozyme in alleviating inflammation-related endothelial cell injury by regulating mitochondrial dynamic, flower like-MoS₂ nanosheets were prepared by hydrothermal method, and its antioxidant enzyme-mimic activities were assessed via electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. It was shown that MoS₂ nanosheets had strong scavenging ability for hydroxyl radical (·OH) and singlet reactive oxygen species (¹O₂) in a dose-dependent manner. Using an in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular endothelial cell injury model, the protective roles of MoS₂ nanozyme on cytotoxicity and apoptosis of endothelial cells were examined by MTT and Annexin V-FITC/PI assay, respectively. Mitochondrial fission/fusion of endothelial cell were observed by Mito-Tracker green probe. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe DCFH-DA and superoxide anion probe DHE were used to detect the level of oxidative stress in vitro. Plasmid GFP-LC3 transfection using colocalization analysis was applied to assess the autophagy of endothelial cells. The results showed that MoS₂ nanozyme could significantly reduce the cytotoxicity and apoptosis of endothelial cells stimulated by LPS, and prevent the impairment mitochondrial dynamics of endothelial cells, thus maintaining mitochondrial dynamics. In addition, MoS₂ nanozyme was also shown to alleviate LPS-mediated endothelial mitochondrial autophagy, thus protecting endothelial cells from inflammatory stress. These results established that MoS₂ nanozyme protected endothelial cells injury from inflammatory stress by regulating mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial autophagy of endothelial cells, which is expected to expand the use of MoS₂ nanozyme in the prevention and treatment of inflammation-related vascular endothelial diseases.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and economic burden of palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) in China.Methods:A population-based retrospective study was conducted using the data from China′s Urban Basic Medical Insurance data from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016. International Classification of Diseases code and diagnoses in Chinese for PPP were used to identify cases and estimate the prevalence, incidence, and cost. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age and sex, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the results. Age-adjusted prevalence rates were calculated based on the 2010 national census data.Results:The crude prevalence and incidence rate of PPP in 2016 were 2.730/100 000 (95% CI: 2.218/100 000-3.242/100 000) and 1.556/100 000 (95% CI: 1.154/100 000-1.958/100 000), and the prevalence rate of females (2.910/100 000) was higher than that of males (2.490/100 000, χ2=97.48, P=0.001). The incidence rate of females (1.745/100 000) was also higher than that of males (1.418/100 000, χ2=85.02, P=0.001). The age peak of incidence and prevalence of patients with PPP was in the 30-39-year age group and a small peak existed in the 0-3-year age group among people under 20 years old. From 2012 to 2016, the average number of visits was (2.44±0.04) per patient, and the total per-capita cost per year was (982.40±39.19) yuan. Conclusion:In 2016, the prevalence and incidence rate of PPP in China were higher in females than in males, and the highest age peak was in the 30-39-year age group.

Mitral annular calcification(MAC)is an age-related,chronic,degenerative change in localized fibrous support structures,and current research suggests that it is a process similar to the active onset of atherosclerosis and aortic valve calcification,both of which are accompanied by the deposition of lipoprotein(α)[Lp(α)]and the formation of chronic inflammatory foci.Among them,Lp(α)is the hot spot of research.In recent years,the relationship between Lp(α)and aortic valve calcification has received extensive attention.A large number of studies have demonstrated that elevated Lp(α)and its associated oxidized phospholipids(OxPL)can promote aortic valve calcification and stenosis through multiple calcium-regulated pathways,but the pathophysiological process of MAC is much more complex and unclear,and there has been a preliminary exploration of the relationship between Lp(α)and MAC.To make the current relationship between the two clearer,and thus provide new possibilities for preventing or delaying MAC,the paper will review the three aspects of MAC,Lp(α),and the research progress between the two.