PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment of intermediate uveitis under new diagnostic standards. METHODS: Medical records of patients diagnosed with pars planitis or intermediate uveitis were followed for more than 6 months, and retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 90 patients and 117 eyes were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 40.1 years, and the mean follow-up period was 43.0 months. Thirty percent of cases were bilateral. The most common initial symptom was decreased visual acuity. Snowbank was detected in 39.3%, snowballs in 15.4%, vitritis in 96.6%, and vasculitis in 56.4%. Common complications includedcystoid macular edema (57.3%), cataracts (43.6%), and epiretinal membrane (36.8%). Therapies included topical steroids (82.9% of cases), posterior sub-Tenon steroid injection (45.3% of cases), systemic steroid administration (67.8% of cases), and immunosuppressants (28.7% of cases). Vitrectomy was performed in 11.1% of patients due to complications such as epiretinal membrane and traction retinal detachment. The mean initial and final visual acuities were 0.67 and 0.74, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The patients in this study experienced various courses of symptoms that required different treatment plans. Future investigations may corroborate these results.
Cataract ; Epiretinal Membrane ; Eye ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Macular Edema ; Medical Records ; Pars Planitis ; Retinal Detachment ; Retrospective Studies ; Steroids ; Traction ; Uveitis, Intermediate ; Vasculitis ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

INTRODUCTIONMacular oedema is the main cause of visual impairment following retinal vein occlusion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcome of pars plana vitrectomy and internal limited membrane (ILM) peeling for macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion.

CLINICAL PICTUREThis pilot study is a prospective nonrandomised series of 11 eyes of 11 patients with macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), foveal thickness on optical coherence tomography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and multifocal electroretinography were evaluated.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOMEAll 11 patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling. The mean postoperative follow-up was 13.5 months (range, 1.5 to 24). The mean thickness at the foveal centre decreased from 794 +/- 276 microm preoperatively to 373 +/- 150 microm, 302 +/- 119 microm, 249 +/- 203 microm and 185 +/- 66 microm at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and the final visit postoperatively, respectively (all P <0.001, paired t- test, compared to preoperative thickness). Postoperative FFA demonstrated markedly reduced leakage in the macular region. At the final visit, BCVA improved 2 lines or more in 72.7% (8/11) of patients and was unchanged in 27.3% (3/11) patients. Complications included cataract in 7 patients and vitreous haemorrhage, recurrence of macular oedema and visual field defect in 1 case each.

CONCLUSIONPars plana vitrectomy and ILM peeling rapidly reduced the macular oedema caused by retinal vein occlusion, with improvement in BCVA.

Adult ; Aged ; Epiretinal Membrane ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Macular Edema ; etiology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pars Planitis ; pathology ; surgery ; Pilot Projects ; Prospective Studies ; Retinal Vein Occlusion ; complications ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: Giant retinal cyst is formed by a localized and circumscribed splitting of the retina into two layers. It may often be confused with retinal detachment. We describe three cases of giant retinal cysts associated with retinal detachment associated with uveitis, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: A retrospective, observational case series. RESULTS: Two cases of giant retinal cyst were associated with uveitis: one detected during pars plana vitrectomy for total retinal detachment associated with chronic uveitis, and the other detected after scleral buckling procedure for retinal detachment associated with pars planitis. These cysts completely disappeared following drainage of fluid and laser photocoagulation to the flattened cyst. A case of retinal cyst secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy and vitreous hemorrhage was observed to be free of complication and progression without any surgical intervention for 9 months. CONCLUSIONS: Giant retinal cyst may result from intraretinal degenerative change caused by retinal capillary ischemia, vitreous traction and intraretinal leakage from the neovascularization. The cyst is considered to be stable without treatment in some cases, and in others it may be resolved with pars plana vitrectomy, fluid drainage and laser photocoagulation.
Capillaries ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Drainage ; Ischemia ; Light Coagulation ; Pars Planitis ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retrospective Studies ; Scleral Buckling ; Traction ; Uveitis ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of silicone oil (SO) removal through sutureless corneal incisions in aphakia. METHODS: We analyzed the records of the patients who underwent SO removal using clear corneal incisions in aphakia. RESULTS: Of 43 patients, there were 43 eyes, and 26 were male. The mean age was 41.5 years and followup period was 19.1 months. Indications for SO injection were ocular trauma in 15 eyes, macular hole retinal detachment in 3 eyes, proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 2 eyes, giant retinal tear in 2 eyes, pars planitis in 1 eye and other complex retinal detachment including proliferative vitreoretinopathy in 20 eyes. The viscosity of SO were 1,300 centistroke (cs) in 6 eyes and 5,700 cs in 37 eyes. Postoperative complications included emulsified silicone droplets in 2 eyes (4.7%), temporary increase of intraocular pressure in 5 eyes (11.6%) and recurrent retinal detachment in 2 eyes (4.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Sutureless corneal incisions in aphakia might be brief, effective and safe method to remove SO.
Aphakia* ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Pars Planitis ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Silicone Oils* ; Viscosity ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of the intermediate uveitis with prominent snowbank, METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of the patients with intermediate uveitis characterized by the snowbank larger than half a quadrant. RESULTS: Of all 49 patients, 67 eyes, the mean age was 37.3 years. Male patients was 31, and eighteen patients (36.7%) were bilateral. Snowbank was at the inferior in 56 eyes (83.6%), and larger than two quadrant in 16 eyes (23.9%). Mean follow-up was 27 months. Final visual acuity improved in 40 eyes (59.7%), worsened in 4 eyes (6.0%), and more than 0.5 in 51 eyes (76.1%). Complications were cystoid macular edema (23 eyes, 34.3%), retinal detachment (22 eyes, 32.8%), and vitreous hemorrhage (11 eyes, 16.4%). Procedures were barrier laser photocoagulation (45 eyes, 67.2%), pars plana vitrectomy(12 eyes, 17.9%), scleral buckling(2 eyes, 3.0%), cataract surgery (9 eyes, 13.4%), trabeculectomy(6 eyes, 9.6%), and cryopexy (1 eye, 1.5%). Statistically, there was no significant relationship in the final visual acuity and gender, bilaterality, initial visual acuity of 0.5 or above, snowbank larger than two quadrants, and barrier laser photocoagulation. However, pars plana vitrectomy showed a significant relationship (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Intermediate uveitis with prominent snowbank seems to show the similar clinical prognosis to generally-reported intermediate uveitis, and the prognosis of pars plana vitrectomy is good.
Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Macular Edema ; Male ; Pars Planitis* ; Prognosis ; Retinal Detachment ; Retrospective Studies ; Uveitis, Intermediate ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

We performed pars plana vitrectomy on 19 patients with pars planitis with its complications like vitreous opacity and retinal detachment.There were 16 males and 3 females with a mean age of 42.8 years.The follow-up ranged from 6 to 122 months with a mean of 25 months.Following surgery, final visual acuity was improved or unchanged in the 78.9 percent of patients.Eight cases (42.1%)showed improved vision, seven patients (36.8%) showed no change and four cases (21.1%)worse vision.Retinal detachment was successfully repaired in 17 patients and two eyes failed anatomically due to the proliferative vitreoretinopathy.The main factor favoring functional success was the short duration from the onset to the time of vitrectomy.It might be concluded that vitrectomy should be performed in the vision threatening stages on the patients with complicated pars planitis.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Pars Planitis* ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

In children and young adults, secondary epiretinal membranes after ocular trauma, pars planitis, ocular toxocariasis, and Coat's disease are common and spontaneous separation occurs in a relatively higher rate with improvement in visual acuity than elderly patients. In a 31-year-old man with pars planitis, diffuse epiretinal membrane in the macula became thinner during systemic and topical steroid therapy. Two years after treatment, the preretinal membrane spontaneously separated from the macula to the inferior temporal arcade, and visual acuity improved from 0.15 to 1.0. The authors reviewed the available literatures regarding the possible mechanisms for the spontaneous separation ofepiretinal membrane.
Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Epiretinal Membrane* ; Humans ; Membranes ; Pars Planitis ; Toxocariasis ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult*

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of pars plana vitrectomy in pars planitis and posterior uveitis. We performed pars plana vitrectomies in consecutive series of 31 eyes with pars planitis and posterior uveitis that were complicated with vitreous opacities, epiretinal membrane formation, tractional retinal detachment and posterior subcapsular cataract. Postoperatively improvement of visual acuity, 2 lines or more in Snellen chart, was noted in 19 eyes(61.2%) with a mean follow-up of 21 months. The inflammatory cells were not visible in anterior chamber or anterior vitreous after 1 month thereafter. In three patients, however, the postoperative visual acuities were worSe due to preoperatively combined cystoid macular edema, macular pucker and tractional retinal detachment. We believe early pars plana vitrectomy before the formation of epiretinal membrane is an important factor in minimizing and postoperative complications.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Epiretinal Membrane ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Macular Edema ; Pars Planitis* ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment ; Traction ; Uveitis, Posterior* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*

We have applied the intraoperative use of Perfluorophenanthrene (C14F24) liquid in 19 eyes of complicated retinal detachment surgery in 19 patients since November 1990 to October 1991. The vast majority of case of retinal detachment was trauma (9 eyes) and uveitis including pars planitis (6 eyes) remainders were juvenile retinoschisis, cataract surgery, myopIa, diabetes one eye each. The grade-D of proliferative change was found in 9 eyes (D1 3 eyes, D2 3 eyes, D3 3 eyes) and 8 eyes belong to over grade-C2 (C2 4 eyes, C3 4 eyes). Multiple anterior retinal tears were found in two. Giant retinal tear was noticed in 5 eyes and the other one was made on therapeutic purpose. Intraoperative reattachment was obtained in all eyes. The follow-up periods were 6 or more (mean 9.1) months. At last follow-up, the retina was attached in 12 eyes (63%), partially attached in 2 (10%) and redetached in 5 (26%). Visual acuity was improved or same in 12 eyes (63%), became worse in 7(37%). Visual acuity of 0.02 or better was obtained in 12(63%) eyes and 3(16%) saw 0.1 or better. Perfluorophenanthrene liquid was thought as non-toxic, heavy biomaterial and effective to treat the complicated retinal detachments.
Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Myopia ; Pars Planitis ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retinoschisis ; Uveitis ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of pars plana vitrectomy in pars planitis and posterior uveitis. We performed pars plana vitrectomies in consecutive series of 31 eyes with pars planitis and posterior uveitis that were complicated with vitreous opacities, epiretinal membrane formation, tractional retinal detachment and posterior subcapsuIar cataract. Postoperatively improvement of visual acuity, 2 lines or more in Snellen chart, was noted in 19 eyes (61.2%) with a mean follow-up of 21 months. The inflammatory cells were not visible in anterior chamber or anterior vitreous after 1 month thereafter. In three patients, however, the postoperative visual acuities were worse due to preoperatively combined cystoid macular edema, macular pucker and tractional retinal detachment. We believe early pars plana vitrectomy before the formation of epiretinal membrane is an important factor in minimizing and postoperative complications.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Epiretinal Membrane ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Macular Edema ; Pars Planitis* ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment ; Traction ; Uveitis, Posterior* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*