Objective: To examine the prevalence and frequencies of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). Methods: The cases of cervical AIS with concurrent tests of cytology and HPV typing from January 2007 to February 2020 in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 478 cases of cervical AIS were obtained. The average age of the patients was 39.4 years (range, 19-81 years). The largest age group was 30-39 years (44.8%), followed by 40-49 years (34.7%). Among the 478 patients, 355 underwent high-risk HPV (hrHPV) testing and had a hrHPV-positive rate of 93.8%. Of the 355 patients, 277 also underwent HPV typing and were mostly positive for either or both HPV16 and HPV18 (93.1%), with 55.6% positive for HPV18 and 48.7% positive for HPV16. Among the 478 cases, 266 cases (55.6%) were diagnosed with both AIS and squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), while 212 cases (44.4%) were diagnosed with only AIS. Patients infected with HPV16 in the AIS and SIL group significantly outnumbered those in the AIS alone group (P<0.05). Moreover, the rate of positive cytology was 55.9% (167/299 cases), while that of negative cytology was 44.1% (132/299). Among the 109 patients with negative cytology results and co-tested hrHPV, there were 101 HPV-positive cases (92.7%), of which 88 cases were subject to HPV typing and showed an HPV16/18 positive rate of 94.3% (83/88 cases). Conclusions: The combination of HPV typing and cytological screening can maximize the detection rate of cervical AIS, and should continue to be utilized, ideally on a larger scale, in the future.
Adenocarcinoma in Situ/epidemiology* ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16/genetics* ; Human papillomavirus 18/genetics* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae/genetics* ; Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis* ; Prevalence ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology* ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of circumcision with the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men.

METHODSWe collected the samples from the surface of the coronal sulcus, glans penis, penile shaft and scrotum of 351 males examined for HPV infection in our hospital from January 2016 to August 2017, of whom 118 had received circumcision while the other 233 had not. We compared the incidence rate of HPV infection between the circumcision and non-circumcision groups and analyzed the association of the age of circumcision with the incidence of HPV infection.

RESULTSHPV infection was found in 135 (38.46%) of the males, 29 (24.58%) in the circumcision group and 106 (45.49%) in the non-circumcision group, significantly lower in the former than in the latter (χ² = 14.48, P < 0.01). The incidence rate of HPV infection was also remarkably lower in the males circumcised at ≤17 years (13.16% ［5/38］) than in those circumcised at >17 years of age (30.0% ［24/80］) (χ² = 3.942, P = 0.047).

CONCLUSIONSMale circumcision helps reduce the incidence rate of HPV infection in men and earlier surgery may achieve even better effect.

Circumcision, Male ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Papillomaviridae ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Penis ; virology ; Scrotum ; virology

Objective To analyze the infection status of human papilloma virus (HPV),Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU),Chlamydia trachomatis (CT),and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) in clinical patients.Methods The laboratory specimens including urine,urethral swabs,and cervical swabs from 870 patients from January 1st 2014 to December 31st 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. HPV-DNA was detected by multiplex fluorescent PCR,and the UU-RNA,CT-RNA,and NG-RNA were determined by isothermal nucleic acid amplification. The positive rate of each pathogen and the distribution of positive rate between male and female patients were calculated. The samples were further divided into HPV-positive group and HPV-negative group,and the positive rates of UU-RNA,CT-RNA,and NG-RNA in these two groups were compared.Results The highest positive rate was 53.68%(467/870) for UU-RNA,followed by HPV-DNA [32.41%(282/870) ]and NG-RNA [2.18%(19/870)]. The total positive rate of high-risk (HR)-HPV(subtypes:16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,and 68) [31.52%(209/663)]and UU in female patients [60.93%(404/663)] was significantly higher than that in male patients [17.39%(36/207),30.34%(63/207)](both P<0.001). The male patients had significantly higher CT positive rate in HR-HPV-positive group than in HR-HPV-negative group [22.58%(7/31) vs. 4.54%(8/176)](P<0.001). The female patients had significantly higher CT positive rate in HR-HPV-positive group than in HR-HPV-negative group [10.5%(21/200) vs. 5.61%(26/463)](P=0.024). The UU-RNA positive rate of females in the low-risk (LR)-HPV (subtypes:6 and 11) positive group was significantly higher than that in LR-HPV negative group [70.83%(34/48) vs.2.11%(13/615)](P<0.001).Conclusions Women are more susceptible to HR-HPV and UU infections. HR-HPV-positive patients are more likely to experience CT infection. In contrast,co-infection with UU is more common in LR-HPV-positive females.
Chlamydia Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Gonorrhea ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; isolation & purification ; Papillomaviridae ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Ureaplasma Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVEInvestigating the distribution of anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV-IgG), anti-human papillomavirus (HPV L1-IgG) and risk factors among female residents in Xinmi County, to explore the influencing factors of HPV vaccine study using HEV vaccinated population as a control.

METHODSA screening study of cervical cancer in Xinmi County, Henan Province, was performed. The information of demographic characteristics and risk factors was collected using standard questionnaire. Nine ml blood was drawn from each woman for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect HEV-IgG and HPV L1-IgG antibody. Percentile, histogram and binary logistic regression model were used to describe the distribution of risk factors and their correlation to HPV and HEV infection.

RESULTSThe average age of the Xinmi female residents was 47.2 years, their positive rate of HPV L1 antibody was 26.8%, and that of HEV-IgG antibody was 31.0%, both of which were raised with age (P < 0.001). Single factor analysis showed that non-education, low-income and growing age were associated with HEV-IgG antibody positivity, and non-education, lowering ages of first sexual life and growing age were associated with HPV L1-IgG antibody positivity. Multivariable analysis showed that growing age, low-income and work as peasantry were independent risk factors for HEV-IgG antibody positivity, and lowering ages of first sexual life, non-education and growing age were independent risk factors for HPV L1-IgG antibody positivity.

CONCLUSIONSBoth the HEV-IgG and HPV L1-IgG antibodies positive rates increase with age. Age is the common risk factor of HEV-IgG and HPV L1-IgG antibodies in female residents in Xinmi County. The risk factors of HEV-IgG and HPV L1-IgG antibodies have no statistical association, neither cross reaction was found in the HEV-IgG and HPV L1-IgG detection.

Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral ; China ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Hepatitis E ; blood ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis E virus ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae ; Papillomavirus Infections ; blood ; epidemiology ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the clinical performance of APTIMA human papillomavirus (AHPV) assay and Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assay in screening for cervical disease, especially in women with atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). METHODS: A total of 411 women diagnosed with ASC-US or LSIL were referred and further triaged by HC2 test. Prior to colposcopy, liquid-based cytology specimens were collected for the AHPV assay. Sensitivity and specificity were established based on the histological findings of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). RESULTS: In all 411 subjects, the positive detection rate of AHPV assay was 70.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.4 to 75.2), which was significantly lower than the positive detection rate of 94.9% obtained using HC2 test (95% CI, 92.3 to 96.8). Only one CIN 3-positive case was detected among the 120 AHPV-negative women, which was then confirmed by Pap smear test to be LSIL. The sensitivities of AHPV and HC2 for CIN 3 were similar (94.1% and 100%, respectively). However, AHPV showed a significantly higher specificity than HC2 test (30.2% and 5.3%, respectively; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: AHPV assay is effective in identifying CIN 3-positive cases because of its high specificity and lower false-negative rate. The use of AHPV for the triage of ASC-US and LSIL might help to reduce the referral rate of colposcopy during cervical cancer screening.
Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/*diagnosis/epidemiology/virology ; China/epidemiology ; Colposcopy/methods ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; False Negative Reactions ; Female ; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests/*methods ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections/complications/*diagnosis/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Triage ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*diagnosis/epidemiology/virology ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Recent reports suggest the association of human papilloma virus (HPV) with retinoblastoma. This study was performed to elucidate whether HPV infection is related to retinoblastoma among Koreans. METHODS: A total of 54 cases diagnosed with retinoblastoma were enrolled from Seoul National University Children's Hospital and Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center. Presence of human papilloma viral DNA was detected by in situ hybridization in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded retinoblastoma tissues using both probes against high- and low risk HPV types. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 22.0 months (range, 1.1 to 98.0 months), and the mean age at enucleation was 27.8 months (range, 1.5 to 112.7 months) among the 54 patients with retinoblastoma. HPV was not detected in any of the retinoblastoma samples using either high risk or low risk HPV probes. CONCLUSIONS: Our study, being the first study in the Korean population, proposes that HPV infection may have no causal relationship with retinoblastoma in Koreans.
Child, Preschool ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Eye Infections, Viral/complications/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Papillomaviridae/*genetics ; Papillomavirus Infections/complications/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Retinal Neoplasms/complications/pathology/*virology ; Retinoblastoma/pathology/*virology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

Little is known about the prevalence and seroprevalence of low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and the risk factors for HPV infection in Korean women. We determined the prevalence of low-risk HPV among 902 women aged 20-59 yr and the seroprevalence of low-risk HPV subtypes 6 and 11 among 1,094 women aged 9-59 yr in the general population. Genital low-risk HPV DNA was assessed by liquid hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. Antibody titers against HPV 6 and 11 were measured by a multiplexed competitive luminex technique. The prevalence of genital low-risk HPV was 4.9%. It reached its highest peak of 10.3% at 20-29 yr of age and a second peak of 3.2% at 50-59 yr of age. The seroprevalence of HPV 6 or 11 was 9.4%. It reached its highest peak of 12.7% at 25-29 yr of age and a second peak of 12.3% at 50-59 yr of age. In multivariable analysis, the number of lifetime sexual partners and past history of sexually transmitted diseases were associated with the seroprevalence but not prevalence of HPV. It is suggested that younger women should receive prophylactic HPV vaccination before they become sexually active and exposed to HPV in their 20s. This study provides baseline data for developing HPV vaccination programs and monitoring vaccine efficacy in Korea.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies/blood/immunology ; Child ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 11/genetics/immunology ; Human papillomavirus 6/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Sexual Behavior ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in female populations in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.

METHODSTotally 1137 women aged 15-59 from Shahe Community, Nanshan District, Shenzhen were investigated for cervical cancer during an population-based epidemiological screening from November 2004 to December 2004. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), colposcopy, liquid-based cytology test (LCT), and hybrid capture 2 (HC-) were performed to detect the high-risk HPV types in cervical secretions. Biopsy under colposcope was performed in women who were HPV-positive with LCT >or= atypical squamous cells of undetermined sign (ASCUS) or HPV-negative with LCT >or= low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), with the pathological results as the golden standards.

RESULTSThe detection rate of high-risk HPV-DNA was 14.0%. HPV detection rates in 15-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, and 50-59 age groups were 15.5%, 17.7%, 12.6%, 8.8%, 10.2%, 15.3%, and 21.0%, respectively (P < 0.05). HPV detection rates in 25-29 years group and 50-59 years group were significantly higher than those in other groups (P < 0.05) and 35-39 group had the lowest detection rate. The curve of HPV infection rates in all groups was 'V' type. The overall incidence of CIN was 4.4%. The incidences of CIN , CIN , and CIN were 3.2%, 1.0%, and 0.3%, respectively, in which the incidence of CIN was significantly higher than those of CIN and . HPV detection rates increased with cervical lesion grades, which in >or=CIN groups and normal group were 100.0% and 8.3%, respectively. No cervical cancer was identified in this research. The sensitivities of VIA, colposcopy, LCT, and HC-II for high-risk HPV screening were 35.7%, 50.0%, 92.9%,and 100%, respectively, in detecting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), the specificities of these four methods were 96.0%, 87.2%, 88.4%, and 86.9%, respectively. Satisfactory negative predictive values were obtained for all methods.

CONCLUSIONSHPV infection is the main risk factor for CIN. Cervical cancer among female populations in Shenzhen is still in early stages. Prevention of HPV infection and treatment of CIN are key for the prevention of cervical cancer.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; epidemiology ; Chi-Square Distribution ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Viral ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) prophylactic vaccines, bivalent types for HPV-16/18 with 70% prophylactic expectation, have been developed based on the genotypes found prevalent in the western countries, but little is known for those in Korea. Using a DNA chip test, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of HPV genotype based on cervical abnormalities. METHODS: As the initial diagnostic tests, HPV DNA chip tests and Papanicolaou smear (PAP) were used for 1,211 subjects. Cervical colposcopy directed biopsies were performed for 626 among the 1,211 subjects within one month. RESULTS: The most frequently found genotypes in all HPV-positive specimens (n=445) were HPV-16 (22.0%), 58 (13.9%), 52 (11.0%), 51 (9.0%), 56 (8.5%), and 18 (7.2%). HPV prevalence was significantly higher in specimens where PAP and biopsy results were closer to malignancy. The HPV genotype distribution of the histologically confirmed cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) or carcinoma cases showed HPV-16, 58, 52, 18, and 33, in descending order. The HPV DNA chip sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for the detection of cervical HSIL or carcinoma were 76.9%, 70.1%, 72.1%, and 75.8%, respectively, Of these, the sensitivity and NPV were higher than those of PAP. PPV and NPV of HPV-16 were 90.5% and 60.7%, respectively, being the highest among the genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that HPV-16 genotype was also very important for the diagnosis of HSIL and cervical carcinoma in Korea. However, contrary to the findings in the western countries, the prevalence of HPV-58 was higher than that of HPV-18. Moreover, as the other HPV genotype reports were rare in Korea, further studies are required with the HPV DNA chip test before the nationwide adoption of the vaccines.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Colposcopy ; DNA, Viral/analysis/isolation & purification ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Papillomaviridae/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections/*diagnosis/epidemiology/virology ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*diagnosis/prevention & control/virology ; Vaginal Smears/methods ; Young Adult