Objective: To analyze the space time characteristics of poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu, in order to provide the reference for formulating myopia prevention and control policies for students. Methods: The data relating to poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu from 2021 to 2023 were sourced from the Sichuan Students Physical Health Big Data Center. The districts and counties of Chengdu were divided into three circles, including the main urban area, suburban districts and counties, and suburban districts and counties. The Chi square test was used for inter group comparison, and the Cochran-Armitage test was used to analyze the trend of changes. Global and local Moran s I were used to analyze spatial clustering. Results: The detection rates of poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu from 2021 to 2023 were 62.47%, 61.61% and 60.78%, respectively, showing a decreasing trend ( Z=-32.01, P <0.01). For each year, the higher detection rate of poor vision among students was detected in the higher level of education, and differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=161 549.47, 173 471.87, 233 459.09, P <0.01). The rate of poor vision among primary and secondary school students gradually decreased from the central districts and counties of Chengdu to the surrounding districts and counties for each year, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=299.20, 776.22, 633.16, P <0.01). The spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the first circle of Chengdu City was mainly characterized by high-high agglomeration ( P <0.01), with the rate of poor vision among primary school students in Wuhou District in 2023 exhibiting a low-high anomaly. The third circle was mainly characterized by low-low aggregation ( P <0.01), while the spatial clusterings of the second circle was not significant ( P >0.05). Conclusions The myopia prevention and control work in Chengdu has achieved preliminary results. It should continue to consolidate existing achievements and implement targeted myopia prevention and control measures based on regional characteristics.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a congenital malformation resulting from abnormal embryonic development of the heart and great vessels, accounting for approximately 25% of all congenital malformations. Children with CHD are often complicated by short stature. Although surgical treatment can improve their growth and development to a certain extent, some children still experience growth retardation after surgery. Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is the main drug for treating short stature, but its efficacy and safety in the treatment of patients with concomitant CHD warrant further investigation. This article reports six cases of children with CHD and short stature who were treated with rhGH. Through a literature review, we summarize and discuss the therapeutic efficacy, follow-up experiences, and adverse reactions of rhGH treatment, aiming to provide references for clinicians in applying rhGH to treat patients with CHD and short stature.

Background: s/Aims: Sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare histological subtype of HCC characterized by extremely poor prognosis; however, its molecular characterization has not been elucidated. Methods: In this study, we conducted an integrated multiomics study of whole-exome sequencing, RNA-seq, spatial transcriptome, and immunohistochemical analyses of 28 paired sarcomatoid tumor components and conventional HCC components from 10 patients with sarcomatoid HCC, in order to identify frequently altered genes, infer the tumor subclonal architectures, track the genomic evolution, and delineate the transcriptional characteristics of sarcomatoid HCCs. Results: Our results showed that the sarcomatoid HCCs had poor prognosis. The sarcomatoid tumor components and the conventional HCC components were derived from common ancestors, mostly accessing similar mutational processes. Clonal phylogenies demonstrated branched tumor evolution during sarcomatoid HCC development and progression. TP53 mutation commonly occurred at tumor initiation, whereas ARID2 mutation often occurred later. Transcriptome analyses revealed the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and hypoxic phenotype in sarcomatoid tumor components, which were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. Moreover, we identified ARID2 mutations in 70% (7/10) of patients with sarcomatoid HCC but only 1–5% of patients with non-sarcomatoid HCC. Biofunctional investigations revealed that inactivating mutation of ARID2 contributes to HCC growth and metastasis and induces EMT in a hypoxic microenvironment. Conclusions We offer a comprehensive description of the molecular basis for sarcomatoid HCC, and identify genomic alteration (ARID2 mutation) together with the tumor microenvironment (hypoxic microenvironment), that may contribute to the formation of the sarcomatoid tumor component through EMT, leading to sarcomatoid HCC development and progression.

Background: s/Aims: Sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare histological subtype of HCC characterized by extremely poor prognosis; however, its molecular characterization has not been elucidated. Methods: In this study, we conducted an integrated multiomics study of whole-exome sequencing, RNA-seq, spatial transcriptome, and immunohistochemical analyses of 28 paired sarcomatoid tumor components and conventional HCC components from 10 patients with sarcomatoid HCC, in order to identify frequently altered genes, infer the tumor subclonal architectures, track the genomic evolution, and delineate the transcriptional characteristics of sarcomatoid HCCs. Results: Our results showed that the sarcomatoid HCCs had poor prognosis. The sarcomatoid tumor components and the conventional HCC components were derived from common ancestors, mostly accessing similar mutational processes. Clonal phylogenies demonstrated branched tumor evolution during sarcomatoid HCC development and progression. TP53 mutation commonly occurred at tumor initiation, whereas ARID2 mutation often occurred later. Transcriptome analyses revealed the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and hypoxic phenotype in sarcomatoid tumor components, which were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. Moreover, we identified ARID2 mutations in 70% (7/10) of patients with sarcomatoid HCC but only 1–5% of patients with non-sarcomatoid HCC. Biofunctional investigations revealed that inactivating mutation of ARID2 contributes to HCC growth and metastasis and induces EMT in a hypoxic microenvironment. Conclusions We offer a comprehensive description of the molecular basis for sarcomatoid HCC, and identify genomic alteration (ARID2 mutation) together with the tumor microenvironment (hypoxic microenvironment), that may contribute to the formation of the sarcomatoid tumor component through EMT, leading to sarcomatoid HCC development and progression.

Background: s/Aims: Sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare histological subtype of HCC characterized by extremely poor prognosis; however, its molecular characterization has not been elucidated. Methods: In this study, we conducted an integrated multiomics study of whole-exome sequencing, RNA-seq, spatial transcriptome, and immunohistochemical analyses of 28 paired sarcomatoid tumor components and conventional HCC components from 10 patients with sarcomatoid HCC, in order to identify frequently altered genes, infer the tumor subclonal architectures, track the genomic evolution, and delineate the transcriptional characteristics of sarcomatoid HCCs. Results: Our results showed that the sarcomatoid HCCs had poor prognosis. The sarcomatoid tumor components and the conventional HCC components were derived from common ancestors, mostly accessing similar mutational processes. Clonal phylogenies demonstrated branched tumor evolution during sarcomatoid HCC development and progression. TP53 mutation commonly occurred at tumor initiation, whereas ARID2 mutation often occurred later. Transcriptome analyses revealed the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and hypoxic phenotype in sarcomatoid tumor components, which were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. Moreover, we identified ARID2 mutations in 70% (7/10) of patients with sarcomatoid HCC but only 1–5% of patients with non-sarcomatoid HCC. Biofunctional investigations revealed that inactivating mutation of ARID2 contributes to HCC growth and metastasis and induces EMT in a hypoxic microenvironment. Conclusions We offer a comprehensive description of the molecular basis for sarcomatoid HCC, and identify genomic alteration (ARID2 mutation) together with the tumor microenvironment (hypoxic microenvironment), that may contribute to the formation of the sarcomatoid tumor component through EMT, leading to sarcomatoid HCC development and progression.

Depression is a complex emotional and mental disorder. The traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） methods for treating depression mainly include soothing the liver and relieving depression. Our research team proposes that depression is caused by Yang Qi deficiency and obstructed Qi movement， which are closely related to neurological and psychological changes induced by early traumatic experiences. Therefore， we suggest that the treatment should focus on warming Yang， replenishing Qi， and promoting Qi movement and have formulated Wenyang Jieyu prescription based on Erxiantang for warming yang and Xiaoyaosan for relieving depression. The experiment with the mouse model of early trauma induced by maternal separation showed that Wenyang Jieyu prescription significantly improved the mouse activity and environmental exploration， reduced the immobility time in forced swimming and tail suspension tests， alleviated the behaviors such as aversion to darkness and fear of open space， enhanced social interaction and social cognitive abilities， altered decision-making biases， reduced depression-like behaviors， and improved the decision-making patterns. Additionally， the prescription lowered the serum level of cortisol， inhibited the cortisol surge in the dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing hormone （Dex/CRH） test， up-regulated the expression of mineralocorticoid receptor （MR） and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 （11β-HSD2） in the hippocampus， down-regulated the expression of glucocorticoid receptor （GR） and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 （CRHR1）， inhibited the methylation of GR exon 1 and the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 （DNMT1）， and restored the negative feedback of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis. Furthermore， Wenyang Jieyu prescription up-regulated the protein level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， elevated the levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 （PSD95） and synaptophysin （Syn）， decreased the cell apoptosis index and B-cell lymphoma （Bcl-2）-associated X （Bax）/Bcl-2 ratio， suppressed the expression of Caspase-3， and enhanced the neuroplasticity and anti-apoptotic capacity in the hippocampus. Considering the research results， related articles， and clinical experience， we conclude that depression should be treated with liver-soothing and depression-relieving herbs， which can be supplemented with spleen-invigorating and Qi-regulating herbs to alleviate depressive symptoms. The Yang-warming and kidney-tonifying herbs can be used to eliminate the root cause and prevent relapse. Additionally， the wind-dispersing herbs can be supplemented to regulate the Qi movement throughout the body， thereby enhancing the efficacy of depression-relieving treatment.

ObjectiveTo establish a qualitative and quantitative analysis method for chemical constituents in Liu Junzitang（LJZT）， and to clarify its material basis. MethodThe chemical constituents in LJZT were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）， and the resulting compounds were identified by using databases， such as MassBank， PubChem， ChemSpider， Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analytical Platform（TCMSP）， and by combining with relevant literature. UPLC was used to establish a quantitative method for analysis of 9 compounds in LJZT， including liquiritin， hesperidin， lobetyolin， liquiritigenin， glycyrrhizic acid， nobiletin， tangeretin， atractylenolide Ⅱ and Ⅰ. ResultBy combining the relevant literature， database and MS information， a total of 79 compounds were identified from LJZT， including 31 flavonoids， 15 terpenoids， 14 nitrogen-containing compounds， 6 phenylpropanoids， 6 organic acids and 7 other compounds. The established quantitative analytical method for the nine representative components showed good linearity within their respective linear ranges， and the precision， stability， reproducibility and recovery were in accordance with the requirements. The quantitative results showed that the contents of liquiritin， hesperidin， lobetyolin， liquiritigenin， glycyrrhizic acid， nobiletin， tangeretin， atractylenolide Ⅱ and Ⅰ in LJZT were 0.376 5， 2.602 1， 0.082 6， 0.128 1， 1.778 6， 0.015 7， 0.006 7， 0.030 4， 0.003 2 mg·g^-1， respectively. ConclusionThe established method can quickly， sensitively and accurately analyze the chemical constituents in LJZT， clarify that the material basis of LJZT is mainly flavonoids， terpenoids and nitrogen-containing compounds， and simultaneously determine the contents of the 9 components， which can lay a foundation for the research on quality control， mechanism and clinical application of LJZT.

Diarrhea-irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-D） is one of the common functional bowel diseases in clinical practice. Since it pathogenesis is complex and has not been fully elucidated， effective treatment methods remains to be developed for this disease. Establishing the animal models of IBS-D in accordance with the clinical characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and Western medicine helps to reveal the pathogenesis of this disease and improve the treatment plan. The fitting degree of an animal model with clinical characteristics is an indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of the animal model in simulating the disease characteristics of Western medicine and the syndromes of TCM based on the latest diagnostic standards. By reviewing the relevant articles about the animal models of IBS-D， we discovered that rats were the preferred animals for modeling， and the models were mainly induced by single factors， double factors， or the combination of multiple factors. The established animal models mainly present symptoms or signs associated with visceral hypersensitivity or/and gastrointestinal motility abnormalities. The single factor-induced rat models of IBS-D had high fitting degrees with the clinical characteristics of Western medicine but low fitting degrees with the TCM syndromes. The animal models induced by two or more factors had high but varied fitting degrees with the clinical characteristics of Western medicine. In addition， the animal models of IBS-D considering TCM syndromes mainly focuses on the syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency， and few models were established for the syndromes of spleen-kidney Yang deficiency， spleen-stomach dampness-heat， spleen deficiency and dampness excess， and cold and heat in complexity. Therefore， it is essential to improve the existing or develop new animal models of IBS-D in the future， so as to provide more tools for deciphering the mechanisms of TCM and Western medicine and developing treatment methods for this disease.

The incidence of infertility disorders is increasing year by year, affecting about 12-15% of women of reproductive age worldwide. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common causes of infertility. In recent years, the incidence rate of PCOS has increased year by year, but the improvement of endocrine and metabolic dysfunction and pregnancy outcomes in patients with PCOS are not satisfactory. There is a consensus both domestically and internationally that improving metabolic function and endocrine abnormalities in PCOS patients can increase their pregnancy rate. Therefore, it is important to explore the improvement of metabolic function in patients with PCOS. This article reviews the progress of basic research on improving metabolic function in patients with PCOS.

Objective:To analyze the bubble dynamic characteristics of shock wave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming(SWEEPS)technique in free water region under different temporay delays.Methods:The Er∶YAG laser tip was activated in free water model with SWEEPS mode at 150-600 μs pulse delay.The bubble dynamic process during irrigation was recorded by a high-speed camera(200 000 Hz).Matlab was used to analyze the interaction between bubble made by the dual pulses frame by frame.The distance between bubble remnants and laser tip was measured before the bubble disappeared.The experimental data were statisti-cally analyzed by SPSS 19.0.Results:In free water region,different temporal delays caused different interaction between the bub-bles activated by the SWEEPS technique with a dual pulse modality.The interactions include bubble fusion,bubble collision and bubble separation.When the temporal delay between 360-440 μs,bubble collision was the most violent,and the farthest distance between bubble remnants and laser tip was reached.Conclusion:In free water region,the dual pulse of SWEEPS technique can lead to bubble interaction which may enhance the cavitation effect of Er∶YAG laser irrigation,and improve the debridement in clinic ap-plication.