This systematic review aimed to analyze the efficacy of corticosteroid premedication compared to placebo or no treatment to reduce postoperative pain in endodontic patients. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing corticosteroids via oral, intramuscular, subperiosteal, intraligamentary or intracanal route compared to passive or active placebo, or no treatment were included. Four databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase up to 2/21/2018. Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane Risk of bias tool. Fourteen RCTs with 1,462 generally healthy adults in need of endodontic treatment were included. 50% of the studies were at unclear risk and 50% at high risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain at 4–6 hours after Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) was significantly lower by 21 points (0–100 scale) in the corticosteroid group compared to the control group (95% CI −35 to −7; P = 0.003), however this difference was not statistically significant after 24 hours (P = 0.116). The route of administration was oral and intraligament injection. Patients who received corticosteroids prior to IANB were 70.7% more likely to have none or mild pain 4–8 hours after treatment (P = 0.001) and 13.5% more likely 24 hours after IANB (P = 0.013) than patients in the control group. In conclusion, corticosteroid administration (oral or intraligamental) may clinically reduce the level of postoperative pain at 4–8 hours after IANB, however the quality of the evidence was low/moderate due to risk of bias and heterogeneity. Further studies are recommended.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adult ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Humans ; Mandibular Nerve ; Pain, Postoperative ; Population Characteristics ; Premedication ; Visual Analog Scale

BACKGROUND: Through the comparative analysis of the acute and chronic pain postoperative between the single port and triple port video-assisted thoracic surgery to seek the better method which can reduce the incidence of acute and chronic pain in patients with lung cancer. METHODS: Data of 232 patients who underwent single port -VATS (n=131) or triple port VATS (n=101) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017 in our hospital were analyzed. The clinical and operative data were assessed, numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to evaluate the mean pain score on the 1th, 2th, 3th, 7th, 14th days, 3th months and 6th months postoperative. RESULTS: Both groups were similar in clinical characteristics, there were no perioperative death in two groups. In the 1th, 2th, 7th, 14th days and 3th, 6th months postoperative, the NRS score of the single port group was superior, and the difference was significant compared with the triple port (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in operative time, blood loss, postoperative hospitalization time, duration of chest tube, the NRS scores in the 3 d (P>0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis of the occurrence on the chronic pain showed that the operation time, surgical procedure and the 14th NRS score were risk factors for chronic pain (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The single port thoracoscopic surgery has an advantage in the incidence of acute and chronic pain in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Shorter operative time can reduce the occurrence of chronic pain. The 14th day NRS score is a risk factor for chronic pain postoperative.
Acute Pain ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Aged ; China ; Chronic Pain ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; complications ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain, Postoperative ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; methods

OBJECTIVETo compared the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic repair (LR) versus open repair (OR) for perforated peptic ulcers.

METHODSFrom January 2010 to June 2014, in Shanghai Tongji Hospital, 119 patients who were diagnosed as perforated peptic ulcers and planned to receive operation were prospectively enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into LR (58 patients) and OR(61 patients) group by computer. Intra-operative and postoperative parameters were compared between two groups. This study was registered as a randomized controlled trial by the China Clinical Trials Registry (registration No.ChiCTR-TRC-11001607).

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in baseline data between two groups (all P>0.05). No significant differences of operation time, morbidity of postoperative complication, mortality, reoperation probability, decompression time, fluid diet recovery time and hospitalization cost were found between two groups (all P>0.05). As compared to OR group, LR group required less postoperative fentanyl [(0.74±0.33) mg vs. (1.04±0.39) mg, t=-4.519, P=0.000] and had shorter hospital stay [median 7(5 to 9) days vs. 8(7 to 10) days, U=-2.090, P=0.001]. In LR group, 3 patients(5.2%) had leakage in perforation site after surgery. One case received laparotomy on the second day after surgery for diffuse peritonitis. The other two received conservative treatment (total parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition). There was no recurrence of perforation in OR group. One patient of each group died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) 22 days after surgery.

CONCLUSIONLR may be preferable for treating perforated peptic ulcers than OR, however preventive measures during LR should be taken to avoid postopertive leak in perforation site.

China ; Comparative Effectiveness Research ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; methods ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; adverse effects ; rehabilitation ; Laparotomy ; Length of Stay ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Multiple Organ Failure ; epidemiology ; Operative Time ; Pain, Postoperative ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Peptic Ulcer Perforation ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Peritonitis ; therapy ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Reoperation ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDPain is a common burden of disease globally; yet, it is not systematically investigated in China, especially in hospitalized patients. This study was aimed at clarifying the epidemiological characteristics of pain and related factors in hospitalized patients in Southwest China.

METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, severity, and influencing factors of pain and modes of postoperative analgesia in hospitalized patients from 17 hospitals in Southwest China. A prevalidated questionnaire was employed to calibrate all of these items within 3 days from March 18, 2015 to March 20, 2015.

RESULTSA total of 2293 patients were surveyed, the incidence of pain was 57.4% in all hospitalized patients at rest, of which 62.1% were with acute pain and 37.9% had persistent to chronic pain. Among surgical patients, 90.8% of them complained of acute postoperative pain at rest and 97.1% in motion. The incidence of acute postoperative moderate-to-severe pain was 28.8% at rest and 45.1% in motion. Surgical patients reported higher incidences of pain, especially acute and persistent pain compared with nonsurgical patients (P < 0.05). Postoperative pain occurred predominately at surgical sites (95.2%) as compared with nonsurgical sites (4.8%). Agedness, lower education level, surgery, and history of smoking were factors associated with increased duration and severity of postoperative pain and nonsurgical pain (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPain is a common burden of disease in China, of which surgical pain constituted an important component. Surgical patients complained more severe pain than those who did not undergo surgery. Postoperative analgesia still needs to be improved to control pain after surgery. Patients' perception might influence the efficacy of pain management, which should be implemented with a multidisciplinary approach.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Pain Management ; Pain Perception ; Pain, Postoperative ; epidemiology

BACKGROUNDPostmastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) is defined as a chronic (continuing for 3 or more months) neuropathic pain affecting the axilla, medial arm, breast, and chest wall after breast cancer surgery. The prevalence of PMPS has been reported to range from 20% to 68%. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of PMPS among mastectomy patients, the severity of neuropathic pain in these patients, risk factors that contribute to pain becoming chronic, and the effect of PMPS on life quality.

METHODSThis cross-sectional study was approved by the Sakarya University, Medical Faculty Ethical Council and included 146 patients ranging in age from 18 to 85 years who visited the pain clinic, general surgery clinic, and oncology clinic and had breast surgery between 2012 and 2014. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they met PMPS criteria: pain at axilla, arm, shoulder, chest wall, scar tissue, or breast at least 3 months after breast surgery. All patients gave informed consent prior to entry into the study. Patient medical records were collected, and pain and quality of life were evaluated by the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, a short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), douleur neuropathique-4 (DN-4), and SF-36.

RESULTSPatient mean age was 55.2 ± 11.8 years (33.0-83.0 years). PMPS prevalence was 36%. Mean scores on the VAS, SF-MPQ, and DN-4 in PMPS patients were 1.76 ± 2.38 (0-10), 1.73 ± 1.54 (0-5), and 1.64 ± 2.31 (0-8), respectively. Of these patients, 31 (23.7%) had neuropathic pain characteristics, and 12 (9.2%) had phantom pain according to the DN-4 survey. Patients who had modified radical mastectomy were significantly more likely to develop PMPS than patients who had breast-protective surgery (P = 0.028). Only 2 (2.4%) of PMPS patients had received proper treatment (anticonvulsants or opioids).

CONCLUSIONSPMPS seriously impacts patients' emotional situation, daily activities, and social relationships and is a major economic burden for health systems. We conclude that the rate of PMPS among patients receiving breast cancer surgery in Turkey is 64.1% and that challenges to the proper treatment of these patients deserve further investigation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mastectomy ; adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Pain, Postoperative ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Young Adult

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified pedicle subtraction osteotomy for treatment of thoracolumbar old fracture with kyphosis.
 Methods: From January 2003 to January 2013, 58 patients of thoracolumbar kyphosis, who underwent modified pedicle subtraction osteotomy, were reviewed. Among them, 45 cases underwent initial operation and 13 cases underwent revision surgery. Preoperative and postoperative kyphotic Cobb's angle, score of back pain, as well as the incidence of complication were accessed by using visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI).
 Results: Mean follow-up duration was 42 months (range, 24-60 months). Average operative time was 258 min (range, 190-430 min), while average bleeding was 950 mL (range, 600-1 600 mL). All the patients were significantly improved in function and self-image, and achieved kyphosis correction with 17.9°± 4.3°. VAS of low back pain was decreased by 3.1±0.6; ODI was dropped by 25.3%±5.5%. 3 patients (5.2%) suffered anterior thigh numbness and got recovery after 3 months of follow-up. Complications happened in 19 patients, including 12 with cerebrospinal fluid leak, 4 with superficial wound infection, and 3 with urinary tract infection. All these complications were managed properly and none of them underwent reoperation.
 Conclusion: Modified pedicle subtraction osteotomy is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of old fracture with kyphosis.
Back Pain ; surgery ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; statistics & numerical data ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ; epidemiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Bone ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; etiology ; Kyphosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Operative Time ; Osteotomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Reoperation ; statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Wound Infection ; epidemiology ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Tract Infections ; epidemiology

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate perioperative complications of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in gynecology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent elective robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery between February 2006 and December 2013 were identified. Robotic procedures were performed using the da Vinci robotic system. Patient demographic data and operative outcomes were prospectively collected in a computerized database and extracted for this study. RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety eight patients were identified during the study period. One case was converted to conventional laparoscopy due to mechanical failure of the robot system before the procedure and excluded from review. The median age and body mass index of patients were 48 years and 23.0 kg/m2, respectively. The majority (n=130, 43.6%) of operative procedures was radical hysterectomy, followed by endometrial cancer staging (n=112, 37.6%), total hysterectomy (n=39, 13.1%), and myomectomy (n=17, 5.7%). The median operative time, estimated blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay were 208.5 min, 184.8 mL, and 8.9 days, respectively. The overall complication rate was 18.8% and that for only oncologic cases was 16.1%. Intraoperative complications (n=5, 1.7%) consisted of three vessel injuries, one bowel content leakage during an appendectomy during endometrial cancer staging and one case of bladder injury during radical hysterectomy. Early and late postoperative complications were 14.4% and 2.7%, respectively. Five patients (1.7%) experienced grade 3 complications according to Clavien-Dindo classification and therefore needed further intervention. CONCLUSION: Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery is a feasible approach in gynecology with acceptable complications.
Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Endometrial Neoplasms/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Laparoscopy/*methods ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Node Excision/methods ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pain, Postoperative/epidemiology ; *Perioperative Period ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Robotics/*methods ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*surgery

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate perioperative complications of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in gynecology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent elective robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery between February 2006 and December 2013 were identified. Robotic procedures were performed using the da Vinci robotic system. Patient demographic data and operative outcomes were prospectively collected in a computerized database and extracted for this study. RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety eight patients were identified during the study period. One case was converted to conventional laparoscopy due to mechanical failure of the robot system before the procedure and excluded from review. The median age and body mass index of patients were 48 years and 23.0 kg/m2, respectively. The majority (n=130, 43.6%) of operative procedures was radical hysterectomy, followed by endometrial cancer staging (n=112, 37.6%), total hysterectomy (n=39, 13.1%), and myomectomy (n=17, 5.7%). The median operative time, estimated blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay were 208.5 min, 184.8 mL, and 8.9 days, respectively. The overall complication rate was 18.8% and that for only oncologic cases was 16.1%. Intraoperative complications (n=5, 1.7%) consisted of three vessel injuries, one bowel content leakage during an appendectomy during endometrial cancer staging and one case of bladder injury during radical hysterectomy. Early and late postoperative complications were 14.4% and 2.7%, respectively. Five patients (1.7%) experienced grade 3 complications according to Clavien-Dindo classification and therefore needed further intervention. CONCLUSION: Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery is a feasible approach in gynecology with acceptable complications.
Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Endometrial Neoplasms/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Laparoscopy/*methods ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Node Excision/methods ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pain, Postoperative/epidemiology ; *Perioperative Period ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Robotics/*methods ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of preoperative anxiety level on postoperative pain sensation in partially edentulous patients undergoing surgery for implant denture.

METHODSEighty partially edentulous patients receiving implant denture were examined for preoperative anxiety level using State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) questionnaires before implantation surgery. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Present Pain Intensity (PPI) Questionnaire were used to assess the pain sensation in patients immediately after the operation. The correlations of preoperative state anxiety, trait anxiety, and dental anxiety with postoperative VAS score were analyzed. According to the assessment results of STAI, the patients were divided into little or no (score range 20-37) anxiety group (L group), moderate (38-44) anxiety group (M group), and high (45-80) anxiety group (H group) to analyze the effect of state anxiety and trait anxiety levels on postoperative pain sensation.

RESULTSSignificantly positive correlations were found between preoperative state anxiety, trait anxiety and dental anxiety among the patients (P<0.01). Postoperative VAS score was positively correlated with trait anxiety score (P<0.01) and differed significantly between different trait anxiety groups (P<0.01). Compared with the patients in M and L groups, those in H group showed a significantly higher VAS score after the operation (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe preoperative trait anxiety level is associated with postoperative pain sensation in partially edentulous patients receiving implant denture, suggesting the necessity of preoperative anxiety intervention in clinical practice.

Adult ; Aged ; Anxiety ; epidemiology ; Dental Implantation ; psychology ; Dentition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain Measurement ; Pain, Postoperative ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tooth Diseases ; psychology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and necessity of retained rectal posterior mucosa in procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH).

METHODSClinical data of 260 cases with severe hemorrhoids in our hospital from January 2010 to May 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 132 cases with severe hemorrhoids excluding in rectal posterior wall were enrolled in retained rectal posterior mucosa in PPH (improvement group), other 128 cases of severe hemorrhoids were assigned to PPH (conventional group). Operative parameters, efficacy and complication after operation were compared.

RESULTSTwo groups of patients received successful operations. Postoperative pain duration, frequency of analgesic drugs and postoperative hospital stay in improvement group were significantly reduced [(1.3 ± 0.5) d vs. (4.8 ± 0.7) d, 1.1 ± 0.3 vs. 5.9 ± 0.6, (5.2 ± 0.8) d vs. (5.8 ± 0.5) d, all P<0.01]. Incidence of anastomotic stenosis, heavy feeling in the anus and delayed bleeding in improvement group were significantly lower than those in conventional group (0 vs. 7.8%, 0.8% vs. 14.1%, 0 vs.7.8%, all P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe application of retained rectal posterior mucosa in PPH to patients with severe hemorrhoids excluding in rectal posterior wall can significantly reduce postoperative complications. But long-term efficacy needs further observation.

Constriction, Pathologic ; Hemorrhoids ; epidemiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mucous Membrane ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Prolapse ; Retrospective Studies