Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder involving many organs and can devastate the lives of affected individuals. It is characterized by chronic high blood glucose that could lead to morbidity and mortality. The number of people suffering from diabetes worldwide is increasing at an alarming rate. It is predicted that about 366 million people are likely to be diabetic by the year 2030. Since all of the previous studies have focused on the therapeutic role of (Allium polyrhizum Turcz. ex Regel) preparations in diabetes mellitus, we investigated the preventive effect of oral administration of (Allium polyrhizum Turcz. ex Regel) extract on the changes of biochemical factors and histopathology alterations in hepatic tissue caused by diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of water extract (Allium polyrhizum Turcz. ex Regel) on the metabolism of rats with diabetes induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Aim: To investigate the antidiabetic properties of aqueous extract of (Allium polyrhizum Turcz. ex Regel) and its beneficial effect on hematological parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Experimental was performed at the Institute of Mongolian Medicine and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University. Male Wistar rats weighing (180 g) were obtained from The Animal Experimental Unit of Mongolia Medicine and Chemistry Research Center, Inner Mongolia University. The rats were housed in well-aerated individual cages in an animal room and maintained in a temperature-controlled room (24±25°C) with a 12 h light/12 h dark cycle, 50-60 % humidity. They were fed with normal commercial chow and water ad libitum. Throughout the experiments, animals were processed according to the suggested international ethical guidelines for the care of laboratory animals, and all experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Inner Mongolia University. After 4 weeks, the rats were fasted for 8 h before blood sampling, water was not restricted. Blood samples were collected from the orbital venous plexus. Results: The blood glucose level was significantly increased in model group 24.14±2.28 mmol/L, to Control group 5.31±0.49 mmol/L. Oral administration of Allium polyrhizum Turcz.ex Regel treated group 10.5±4.05 mmol/L, Metformin treated group 9.05±2.71 mmol/L resulted in significantly decreased blood glucose levels less model group. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that Allium polyrhizum Turcz.ex Regel possesses hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats and therapy of diabetes and its complications especially when used for a longer period.

Introduction: The last decade has seen a dramatic increase in general interest in and research into vitamin D, with many athletes now taking vitamin D supplements as part of their everyday dietary regimen. The most recognized role of vitamin D is its regulation of calcium homeostasis; there is a strong relationship between vitamin D and bone health in non-athletic individuals. Vitamin D is responsible for regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism and maintaining a healthy mineralized skeleton. It is also known as an immunomodulatory hormone. Experimental studies have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the active form of vitamin D, exerts immunologic activities on multiple components of the innate and adaptive immune system as well as endothelial membrane stability. Studying the level of vitamin D in athletes in relation to age group, body mass index, and type of sport is important for reducing the risk of injury and infection in athletes and improving performance and success in sports. Goal: To determine the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in the plasma of the trained athletes and their vitamin D status to compare of their sports type. Materials and Methods:
Sample size
Using a cross-sectional design, a total of 71 athletes aged 20-43 from the sports medicine research center and the national team was selected by sampling.
Method of the Laboratory analyses
The body mass index and blood plasma level of 25 hydroxy vitamin D of the athletes participating in the study were compared by sports type and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Comparison of survey data was performed using Pearson’s correlation method. Results: In the study, 71 athletes of the Mongolian national team participated in 5 types of sports. Descriptive analysis was performed on the general parameters of the athletes, body mass index, type of sport, level of vitamin D in the blood, etc.
An avarege level of vitamin D of the athletes who participated in our study were 22.27±12.9 ng/ml, in the age group of 20-29 years, and compared to the body mass index, it was the highest level in the athletes of normal weight. Conclusions
1. The level of vitamin D of the athletes who participated in our study was the highest in the age group of 20-29 years, 22.27±12.9 ng/ml, and compared to the body mass index, it was the highest level in the athletes of normal weight.
When studying the level of vitamin D of the participants in comparison with the type of sport, the freestyle wrestlers had a higher level of 34.75±15.13 ng/ml, while the judo wrestlers had a lower level of 12.69±5.17 ng/ml.

Introduction: Although bacterial vaginosis prevalence varies across countries and populations, recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses indicate that 23–29% of women of reproductive age are infected. Each year, 21.2 million (22.9%) women between the ages of 14 and 49 in the United States develop bacterial vaginosis. Microenvironments are interconnected with the endocrine, immune, and other organ systems and dependent upon external and internal environmental influences. In women between the ages of 15 and 44, bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal disorder, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
In our nation, 93.4% of women who are of reproductive age have vaginalis; the percentage of cases with Gardnerella vaginalis alone is 22.6%, and 53.1% have it in combination with other anaerobic bacteria, which is a significant percentage. Our research is based on the lack of information about the vaginal environment of Mongolian women and factors influencing changes in the microenvironment. Our research is based on the lack of information about the vaginal environment of Mongolian women and factors influencing changes in the microenvironment. Goal: The objective is to study how age relates to the development of bacterial and fungal vaginitis through the analysis of vaginal swabs. Materials and Methods: For our study, we selected 100 women aged 20-59 through targeted sampling from clients who underwent vaginal smear tests at “Yu Bi Lab” laboratory and “Tsetsuu” diagnostic center in Ulaanbaatar in 2023. Vaginal smear analysis was conducted using Nugent’s criteria and Gram staining. Statistical analysis was performed by comparing pathogens among the participants based on age using Pearson’s correlation method. We obtained permission to conduct research.
Through the Etugen University Biomedical Ethics Comittee convention held on march 11,2024 Results: The study divided 100 women into four age groups to examine the vaginal environment with their age and the factors influencing it. The research aimed to understand how bacterial vaginitis and fungal vaginitis evolve during reproductive age and menopause. Among the age groups, women aged 20-29 had an average of 5.59±3.35 epithelial cells (n=32), those aged 30-39 had 6.10±3.29 (n=37), women aged 40-49 had 6.70±3.90 (n=17), and women aged 50-59 had the highest number of epithelial cells at 9.42±8.19 (n=14), representing 34% of the group. Conclusion
1. Women of reproductive and menopausal age experience changes in the vaginal environment due to various factors. This includes a decrease in the ratio of normal microorganisms and lactobacilli, an increase in the number of conditional pathogens, and the development of an alkaline environment in the vagina.
2. Bacterial vaginitis predominantly affects younger women, with symptoms often being subtle. In contrast, fungal vaginitis is more common among menopausal women. Lower estrogen levels in women in this age group cause lactobacilli to break down glycogen less efficiently into lactic acid, even though the number of lactobacilli is still normal. This research implies that suppositories and estrogen pills may help treat these problems for women between the ages of 40 and 59.

Introduction: The average age of the population varies in every country of the world, which depends on the changes that occur in the body during aging and many external and internal factors that affect it. Thyroid hormones play an important role in ensuring and maintaining normal metabolic function throughout life. Our country is located in a mountainous region of the mainland, the amount of iodine in drinking water is low, and the amount of iodine taken from food is low, which creates the risk of iodine deficiency disorders. Therefore, we aimed to study how the thyroid function changes with age in Mongolian people. Goal: A comparative study of thyroid hormone secretion levels in adult women. Material and Method: In our study, 83 women over the age of 20 were selected based on the “Yu Bi Lab” diagnostic center. Triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyrotropin (TSH) of the women participating in the study were determined using the FHU method using the Magiwel ELISA diagnostic kit manufactured by United Biotech. Results: 81 women over 20 years of age participated in our study, the average age was 44.45±14.17, and the participants were divided into 5 groups with 10 age intervals. 20-29 years 18% (n=15) average age 24.6±2.64, 30-39 years 22% (n=18) average age 33.6± 3.12, 40-49 years 16% (n=13) average age 45.15±1.67, 50-59 years 25% (n=20) average age 54.15±2.99, 60-69 years 19% (n=15) average age 63.73± 3.05, were. Conclusion
1. When comparing T3 and T4 hormones by age group, T3 hormone is higher in the 30-39 age group at 5.05 ng/ml. The T4 hormone gradually decreases with age.
2. Thyroiodin hormone increased with age. The relationship between the age of the participants and TSH hormone was directly related to statistical age when calculated by Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p=0.01).

Introduction: The World Association of Medical Education organizes medical education and postgraduate student training worldwide.
One of the indicators of the quality assurance of higher medical education is the need for schools providing medical education to have a unified evaluation method and to assess the level of knowledge, skills, and attitudes acquired by students. In order to objectively evaluate the student to improve the assessment of clinical skills, it is necessary to regularly evaluate the examination parameters. Thus, the evaluation of the clinical skills of the schools providing medical education needs to be accurate and objective, and it is necessary to develop a general evaluation model, so this study was selected for conducting. Goal: Analyzing tasks in advanced skills tests Material and Methods: In our research work, we used the numerical data of the students’ achievement presented to him by a total of n=113 clinical case assignments of the 6 stations of the 5th year advanced skills test of the School of Health of Etugen University. Research results: Examining the reliability of the progress skills test with examinee performance at each of the 6 stations, reliability at the anamnesis station (KR=0.91) was a maximum score of 100, a minimum score of 16.5, and reliability at the actual examination station (KR=0.90) was a maximum score of 100, minimum score 40, reliability on diagnosis station (KR=0.93) maximum inter-examiner score 100, minimum score 61, reliability on manual action station (KR=0.88) maximum inter-examiner score 100, minimum score 64, reliability on treatment station (KR=0.85) The maximum score of the examinees was 100, the minimum score was 23, and the reliability of the counseling center (KR=0.90) was the maximum score of the examinees was 100, and the minimum score was 45. Conclusion
1. The reliability of the test is at a sufficient level without statistically significant differences in 6 stations.
2. The clinical case of each examination station differs in the degree of difficulty of the task: 30 percent (n=95) of the 20 tasks at the treatment station are very difficult, 33.0 percent (n=104) are difficult, 22.7 percent (n=87) are ideal, and 8.9 percent are ideal. (n=28) clinical cases with mild symptoms were evaluated. It is possible to set a threshold of 70 percent for passing the Advanced Skills Test.

Introduction: Human beings have been using raw materials of plant and animal origin for the treatment of various diseases. Nowadays, in developed and developing countries, plant raw materials are widely used in traditional medicine, health care, and food supplements, and they are used as raw materials in pharmaceutical production, making up a large part of the world pharmaceutical market. Therefore, research activities are intensively carried out to determine the chemical composition and mineral content of plant-derived raw materials and explain the mechanism of action. Goal: Allium polyrhizum Turcz.ex Regel determination of chemical compounds macro and micro elements and amino acids Material and Methods: Allium polyrhizum Turcz.ex Regel was collected and prepared from Huvut shar Khoshun, Shili River Province, Institute of Mongolia medicine chemistry, Inner Mongolia university, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory Medicine Chemistry. then it was made into a type with 0.075 mm particle size by a grinding machine. Result: Dete-rmining the elemental composition of plant raw materials is important for determining the therapeutic value and safety of the plant. Some elements in Allium polyrhizum Turcz.ex Regel were determined by X-ray fluorescence method. Conclusions
1. In this study, the content of 7 elements in the above-ground part of Allium polyrhizum Turcz was determined using the XRF analysis method. Of the macro and micro elements such as Ca, K, Mn, Fe, Na, Zn, and Mg, which are essential for the human body, potassium (K) 49.7 mg/kg, calcium (Ca) 45.7 mg/kg, and sodium (Na) 31.0 mg/kg are the most had a high concentration.
2. Among various amino acids involved in protein synthesis, glutamic acid 1.89 mg, aspartic acid 1.48 mg, and alanine 1.00 mg were identified.

Abstract: In Mongolia, flu and flu-like diseases affect many people, and pneumonia is a public health concern. Therefore, we have an urgent need to research and develop a new medicinal syrup to replace imported products using raw materials grown in Mongolia and to compare it with similar products. There are imported cough syrup products on the pharmaceutical market of Mongolia, but there are domestic pharmaceutical products. Moreover, there is limited research data on cough relief. The main goal of the research team is to compare the experimentally obtained syrup containing Plantago asiatica L, Malva Sylvestris L. and syrup containing Plantago major L. Juice, honey that produced by Monos Pharm LLC whish the cough relieving drug Gerbion syrup. Material and methods: The vivarium of the pharmacology laboratory, Drug research institute, TPC7062Ti mark IVC system (Shanghai Pretty Industries Co.,Ltd, China) in a special environment with one care and one feeding regimen (Lab Mice Diet, Constant Formula Balanced Nutrition, Jiangsu Xietong Pharmaceutical Bio- Engineering Co., LTD, China, www.jsxtsw.com ) used 64 non-WISTAR white rats weighing 180-218 g. Experimental rats were smoked with an aerosol of 17% citric acid aqueous solution for 5 minutes. The statistical processing of the research results was done using the One-Way ANOVA/Multiple comparisons data of the GraphPad Prism 8 program. Results and conclusion Expressing the number of coughs produced in the experimental rats as a percentage (%), the control group showed 3.95% cough relief, and the experimental group-1 by 48.4%, experimental group-2 by 71.1%, comparison group by 74.6%, respectively has reduced. Experimental group -2 and comparison group for dry cough caused by citric acid 17%, it affects the cough receptors in the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and relaxes the bronchial muscles (A and C fiber).

Introduction: One of the world’s leading causes of mortality, WHO projects that diabetes will be the seventh leading cause of death in 2030. Therefore, there is absolutely need for prevention and treatment of diabetes, and scientists are keen to introduce a variety of drug and non-drug treatment methods. Goal: To examine effect of Artemisia commutata Bess aqueous extract on Wistar rats with diabetes model type II induced by STZ with high fat diet. Material and Methods: Experimental was performed in Institute of Mongolian medicine and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University. In study, 32 Wistar rats (body weight 180-200 g, healthy) were divided into 4 groups included Normal, Model, Metformin and Artemisia commutata Bess. Type II diabetes were induced by intraperitoneal single dose STZ 56.25 mg/kg with high fat diet except for Normal group. Then Metformin group was received by oral administration at a dosage of 50 mg/kg/day and Artemisia commutata Bess group was received by oral administration at a dosage of 55 mg/kg/day during 30 days. Blood glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) levels were tested at the end of the experiment. Pancreatic sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Results: The level of blood glucose was significantly increased in Model group (23.9±1.33 mmo/L) compare to Normal group (5.64±0.24 mmol/L). Oral amdinistration of Artemisia commutata Bess 55 mg/kg/ day to treated group (9.75±1.84 mmol/L), Metformin 50 mg/kg/day to treated group (9.04±2.75 mmol/L) resulted in significantly decreased of blood glucose level less Model group. Conclusion This study demonstrated that hypoglycemic effect of Artemisia commutata Bess on diabetes model type II induced by STZ with high fat diet in Wistar rats.

Background: Discrepancies in the sensitivity to biological effects of the androgens, exerted through the binding of the hormone to the androgen receptor (AR), may also be involved in the inter-individual variation of T as well as in age related decline. The human androgen receptor (AR), located on chromosome Xq11-12, is a transcription factor regulating the development of male reproductive organs in the fetus and secondary sex characteristics at puberty in response to testosterone (T) and 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The AR contains two polymorphic regions, the (CAG)nCAA repeat encoding polyglutamine, and the (GGT)3GGG(GGT)2(GGC)n repeat encoding polyglycine, commonly referred to as the CAG and GGN repeats respectively. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the human androgen receptor genes CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms in relation with androgen level.Materials and Methods: Sample collection: 180 male, the medical data of these volunteers were obtained and determined some androgen hormones at first phase of study in 2010-2011 (total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone (BAT)). To determine CAG/GGN repeats length in exon of androgen receptor gene, using frozen serum as a source of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA was extracted from blood samples (200 ml) using High PurePCR Template Preparation Kits.Results: The 180 men whose age is at least 40 were involved in our research and their average age was 55.1±10.3. The 46.7% (84) of the participants presents CAG gene, the 6.1% (11) of the participants presents GGN gene while the 25.5% (46) of the participants presents both CAG and GGN genes. However, the 21.7% of 39 men not presents CAG and GGN genes.Conclusion: The free testosterone level was significantly decreasing with aging. However, the appearance of CAG gene polymorphism was significantly higher in more aged people. Decline of free testosterone level in participants with CAG and [CAG+GGN] combined form was stronger than in people with GGN gene polymorphism and CAG, GGN both undetected people. But the level of bioavailable testosterone was decreasing with aging and the appearance of CAG gene polymorphism (r=-0.425, p=0.01) and [CAG+GGN] combined form (r=-0.491, p=0.028) was also increasing.

Introduction: With the average longevity in men and women, sexual health concerns have become more and more important and demands for help are far more common than in the past. The percentage of aging population is increasing also. A metabolic and hormonal change occurs in male during aging.The level of total, free and bioavailable testosterone decline with aging and it leads to decrease in sexual activities, metabolism and also the life quality.The aim of this initial study was the determination of free testosterone and bioavailable testosterone and it was the novelty of our study. Data obtained from our research can be used as basic information for hormone replacement therapy in late onset hypogonadism.Research goal: To study the free testosterone and bioavailable testosterone level in aging malesMaterials and Methods: This study is a part of study: “Androgen status of aging males” which was supported by Asian Research Center, Korean Foundation for Advanced Studies. The study was approved by IRB of MoH and written consent was obtained from all participants.Fasting blood samples were collected in the morning between 8.00-10.00 AM. We used commercial ELISA kits from Magiwel CoLtd (USA) for determining the total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin levels. Bromcresol green method was used in determination of serum albumin level. Bioavailable and free testosterone were calculated by Alex Vermeulen, Lieve Verdonk and M. Kaufman’s formula, which was recommended by International Society for the Study of Aging Male.We studied 114 healthy males aged above 40 years old, all undergone the General and Urological examination.Result and discussion: The average age was 57.48±10.48 years in our study participants. In group of 40-49 years were 29% (n=33), in 50-59 age group 23% (n=26), in 60-69 age group 27% (n=38) and in age group over 70-s were 15% (n=17).Mean total testosterone was 6.04±1.83 ng/ml, in 40-49 age group it was 6.14±1.65 ng/ml, in 50-59 age group 6.04±2.36 ng/ml, in 60-69 age group 6.05±1.80 ng/ml, and over 70’s it was 5.85±1.43 ng/ml.Mean sex hormone binding globulin was 50.22±29.97 nmol/l, in 40-49 age group 37.60±23.03 nmol/l, in 50-59 age group 47.08±29.61 nmol/l, in 60-69 age group 57.24±33.91 nmol/l, and over 70’s it was 59.22±25.38 nmol/l.Mean albumin was 40.86±6.89 g/l, in 40-49 age group 44.55±5.93 g/l, in 50-59 age group 41.85±6.93 g/l, in 60-69 age group 38.92±6.85 g/l, and over 70’s was 36.55±4.77 g/l.Mean free testosterone was 0.112±0.064 ng/ml, in 40- 49 age group 0.124±0.058 ng/ml, in 50-59 age group0.114±0.077 ng/ml, in 60-69 age group 0.107±0.072 ng/ml, and over 70’s it was 0.097±0.044 ng/ml.Mean bioavailable testosterone was 2.53±1.48 ng/ ml, in 40-49 age group 2.76±1.37 ng/ml, in 50-59 age group 2.60±1.70 ng/ml, in 60-69 age group 2.51±1.56 ng/ml, and over 70’s it was 2.04±1.05 ng/ml.Conclusion:1. In our participants aged above 40 years old, the average mean of free testosterone was 0.112±0.066 ng/ml, free testosterone index was 16.95±11.82. Free testosterone had inverse correlation with aging (r=-0.168, p=0.03) and had peer decline among aging groups.2. The average mean of bioavailable testosterone was 2.53±1.48 ng/ml, and had age related inverse correlation (r=-0.169, p=0.037), which decline was deeper in men aged over 70 years.Key words:Aging, total, free, bioavailable testosterone,free testosterone index