OBJECTIVETo observe the impact of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) osteogenesis in vitro and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) expression in bone osteoporotic to prevent and treat the osteoporosis.

METHODSTwenty 6-month-old female SD rats weighted (300±20) g underwent bilateral ovariectomized. At 3 months after operation, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density of rats,the values were compared with preoperative to ensure the model successfully, and the osteoporosis rats' BMSCs were cultured by bone marrow adherent cultured and the BMSCs morphology was observed under a phase contrast microscope upside down. The osteoporosis rats' BMSCs at the 2nd generation (p2) were randomly divided into experimental and control groups and were added complete medium (containing rhBMP-2) and osteogenic induced liquid, respectively. Two weeks later, the formation of cell calcium nodules were detected by Alizarin red staining method,alkaline phosphatase activity was measured by enzyme standard instrument and the expression of VEGF was detected by RT-PCT method.

RESULTS(1)Whole body bone mineral density of rats before and after operation were (0.179±0.007), (0.158±0.006) g/cm2,there was statistically significant (t=4.180,P< 0.05). (2)Alizarin red staining at 2 weeks after osteogenesis induced by BMSCs (P2) in the experimental group had more strong dyeing effect than the control group obviously. (3)Alkaline phosphatase activity at 2 weeks after osteogenesis induced by BMSCs (P2) of the experimental group (15.62±1.27) ug/gprot was significantly higher than that of the control group (8.62±0.93) ug/gprot,there was statistically significant (t=7.709, P<0.01). (4)The expression of VEGF at 2 weeks after osteogenesis induced by BMSCs (P2) of the experimental group 3.723±0.143 was significantly higher than that of the control group 0.950±0.072, there was statistically significant (t=29.462, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONRhBMP-2 can improve the in-vitro osteogenesis ability of ovary osteoporosis rat BMSCs, promote the VEGF expression of osteogenesis factor. Regulating the VEGF expression may be one of the mechanisms of BMP-2 to participate in bone metabolism.

Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effectiveness of warm needling combined with element calcium on postmenopausal osteoporosis, and to explore its action mechanism.

METHODSEighty-five postmenopausal patients were randomly divided into an observation group (43 cases) and a control group (42 cases). Both the two groups were treated with oral administration of caltrate-D tablet, 600 mg per day, once a day before sleep for one year. Patients in the observation group were treated with warm needling at Dazhu (BL 11), Shenshu (BL 23), Xuan-zhong (GB 39), once a day; 30 days of treatment were taken as a course, and totally 4 courses were given with an interval of 60 days between courses. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebra and hip joint, and the level of serum bone gla protein (S-BGP) and hydroxyproline/creatinine (Hyp/Cr) were observed before and after treatment in the two groups.

RESULTS(1)After treatment, the BMD in the observation group was significantly increased [lumbar vertebra (0. 811±0. 024) g/cm2 vs (0. 892±0.019) g/cm2, femoral neck (0. 512±0.014) g/cm2 vs (0. 554±0. 015) g/cm2, femoral trochanter (0. 716±0. 028) g/cm2 vs (0.769±0.026) g/cm2, Ward's trigonum (0. 590±0. 013) g/cm2 vs (0. 660±0. 017) g/cm2, all P<0. 05)]; the improvement in the observation group was more significant than that in the control group (all P<0. 05). (2)After treatment, the index of bone metabolism in the control group was increased, and the serum S-BGP, the Hyp/Cr in the control group were higher than those in the observation group (both P<0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe treatment of warm needling combined with element calcium on postmenopausal osteoporosis is significant, which is likely to be achieved by reducing the bone metabolism of postmenopausal patients.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Bone Density ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy on pain in postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with the warm acupuncture therapy and discuss its effect mechanism.

METHODSNinety cases of postmenopausal osteoporosis were randomized into a warm acupuncture group, an electroacupuncture group and a medication group, 30 cases in each group. In the warm acupuncture group and the electroacupuncture group, Dazhu (BL 11), Shenshu (BL 23) and Xuanzhong (GB 39) were selected bilaterally and stimulated with the warm acupuncture and electroacupuncture therapies respectively, once a day for 30 days totally. In the medication group, caltrate-D tablets were prescribed, 600 mg, once a day for 30 days totally. The changes in the bone density T value, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, serum insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) were observed before and after treatment in the three groups.

RESULTS(1) The bone density T value in the patients of postmenopausal osteoporosis did not change obviously after 30 days treatment with the three therapies; (2) VAS score was all reduced after treatment, in which, the result in the warm acupuncture group was the most obvious (6.73 +/- 0.24 before treatment vs 4.43 +/- 0.26 after treatment). The value after treatment in the warm acupuncture group was different significantly as compared with the electroacupuncture group (5.13 +/- 0.31) and the medication group (5.17 +/- 0.33, both P < 0.05). (3) The level of serum IGF-1 was improved after treatment in the warm acupuncture therapy [(119.5 +/- 20.1) ng/mL before treatment vs (156.5 +/- 23.9) ng/mL after treatment], which was more apparent as compared with the electroacupuncture group [(136.3 +/- 24.5) ng/mL] and the medication group [(127.7 +/- 22.1) ng/mL, all P < 0.05]. Concerning to reducing the levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in serum, the results in the warm acupuncture group were superior to the other two groups (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe warm acupuncture therapy achieves the significant efficacy on pain in postmenopausal osteoporosis, which could be related to increasing the level of IGF-1, decreasing the levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, promoting bone formation and inhibting bone absorption.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Bone Density ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; blood ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Pain Management ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of total flavones of Epimedium leptorrhizum (YYH-C) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.

METHODOvariectomized female rats were randomly divided into the model group, YYH-C lower, middle and high dose (0.7, 1.4, 2.8 g x kg(-1)) groups, the positive drug Bujiale (0.15 mg x kg(-1)) group, and the sham group. The rats were orally ad-ministrated with drugs for three months. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), procollagen I N-terminal peptide (PINP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (Ca) and phosphrous (P) in serum were detected. Femur bones and vertebrae bones of left side were collected to determined bone metrological indexes, including bone mineral density (BMD), bone Ca, and bone ash weight/dry weight percentage. Femur bones of right side were collected to for a morphological observation of bone.

RESULTCompared with the sham group, the model group showed significantly higher PTH and ALP content but obviously lower PINP and Ca content. The three YYH-C 3 groups could resist the decrease of PINP. Specifically, low and middle dose groups could remarkably inhibit the increase of PTH, and the high dose group could increase the Ca content in serum, but without significant effect on the rise in ALP. There was no significant difference in P content in serum in each group. BMD, ash weight/dry weight percentage, Ca and P content of the model group were significantly lower than those in the sham group. The high dose YYH-C group could significantly increase BMD. All of the three YYH-C groups could notably increase ash weight/dry weight percentage and Ca, P content in femur bones and vertebrae bones. YYH-C could significantly increase average thickness, area, area percentage of bony trabeculae, cortical bone area percentage of femoral shaft and the number of osteoblasts on the surface of bony trabeculae, and decrease the number of osteoclasts.

CONCLUSIONYYH-C can effectively control the bone mass loss of rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis, prevent the changes in bone microstructure, and inhibit bone absorption, so as to resist high turn-over osteoporosis after ovariectomy. [Key words] total flavones of Epimedium leptorrhizum; ovariectomized rat; osteoporosis

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Female ; Flavones ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Ovariectomy ; Parathyroid Hormone ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of eight specifications of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum on the osteoporosis of ovariectomized rats and grade the eight different specifications of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum.

METHODTotally 100 SD female rats were divided randomly into 10 groups, namely the normal group, the model group and eight Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum groups of different specifications. Their bilateral ovaries were excised to reproduce the osteoporosis model. Meanwhile, the rats were given the eight different specifications of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum for consecutively 12 weeks. Subsequently, the effects of the different specifications of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum on bone mineral density and serum biochemical indicators of rats were observed. A clustering analysis was made for the eight specifications of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum, with the serum content of ALP, BMP-2 and BGP as influencing factors.

RESULTAfter 12 weeks, the eight different specifications of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum could significantly improve ALP, BMP-2, BGP in serum and bone mineral density of ovariectomized rats. And the cluster analysis showed similar results to the quality classification of traditional commercial herbs Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum.

CONCLUSIONDifferent specifications of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum can antagonize the osteoporosis of ovariectomized rats, and their effects are related to the quality of commercial herbs.

Animals ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Deer ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Horns ; chemistry ; Humans ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of psoralidine in rats with ovariectomy, and preliminarily study its mechanism.

METHODSixty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: the sham operation group, the model group, the psoralidine low-dose group (4 mg x kg(-1)), the psoralidine high-dose group (16 mg x kg(-1)) and the Zhuangguzhitong capsule group, with 12 rats in each group. Thirteen weeks later, their blood and bone samples were collected to detect bone density, bone biochemistry, pathomorphology, serum E2 and CT.

RESULTPsoralidine could up-regulate the bone density of lumbar vertebra and thighbone of rats with ovariectomy (P < 0.05), the maximum bending strength of thighbone (P < 0.05), and serum E2 and CT (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPsoralidine has a good active effect on postmenopausal antiosteoporosis. Its mechanism may be related to such pathways as E2 and CT.

Animals ; Benzofurans ; administration & dosage ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Coumarins ; administration & dosage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; blood ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of treadmill exercise on the mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin, RANKL and RUNX2 in bone tissue of ovariectomized rat,and to investigate the mechanism of treadmill exercise for the preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis.

METHODSThirty healthy adult SD rats which average weight was (270 +/- 10) g were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operation group, ovariectomized group and treadmill exercise group. Each group had 10 rats. After anesthesia, ovariectomized group and treadmill exercise treated group were operated by bilateral ovarian resection, sham group by sham operation. Sham-operation group and ovarian rats were normal breed. Rats in the exercise group were treated by running on treadmill for animal at 1 week after the operation. Running speed was 18 meters per minutes lasting 45 minutes in one day, and worked six days per week for 11 weeks. All rats were killed after 12 weeks. After decalcification, left femur head was made to paraffin slice and observed by inverted phase contrast microscope for histological examination. Total RNA were extracted from the right femur heads and the mRNA expression of OPG,RANKL and RUNX2 were examined by real time PCR.

RESULTSThe femur heads of ovariectomized group showed thin trabecular bone and less bone cells, meanwhile trabecular bone of exercise group looked thicker in histological examination. The mRNA expression of OPG (0.131 +/- 0.080), RANKL (8.013 +/- 3.550) and RUNX2 (3.245 +/- 5.090) was seen in the ovariectomized group. Meanwhile different results were found as the mRNA expression of OPG (0.566 +/- 0.260), RANKL (5.232 +/- 3.670) and RUNX2 (2.753 +/- 3.680) in the group of treadmill exercise. In compared with ovariectomized group, the mRNA expression of OPG in treadmill exercise increased and the result had statistical significance,whereas mRNA expression of RNAKL and RUNX2 decreased but the results had no statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONThe effect of exercise treating postmenopausal osteoporosis is tightly correlated with the up-regulation of expression of OPG. This provides a new train of thought of postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment for the future study.

Adult ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; Exercise Test ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Femur ; metabolism ; Humans ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Osteoprotegerin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ovariectomy ; RANK Ligand ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Aged ; Bone Density Conservation Agents ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Organometallic Compounds ; adverse effects ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; drug therapy ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Thiophenes ; adverse effects

This study was conducted to assess the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean postmenopausal women with mild renal dysfunction. A total of 328 postmenopausal women who underwent BMD measurement during health check-up was investigated. BMD was measured in lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck, total proximal femur and femoral trochanteric areas by dual energy radiography absorptiometry and renal function was estimated by eGFR using Cockcroft-Gault equation. Of the 328 subjects, 317 (96.6%) had an eGFR > or =60 mL/min/1.73 m2. By using simple linear regression analysis, age, height, weight and eGFR were significantly associated with BMD for the 4 aforementioned anatomic sites, while serum levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen did not influence BMD. When multiple regression analyses were applied, age and body weight still had significant associations with BMD at 4 different anatomic sites (P < 0.001). A significant association of eGFR with BMD remained in the lumbar spine, femoral neck and proximal total femur (P < 0.05) but not in the trochanteric area (P = 0.300). Our study suggests that a decline of renal function is associated with lower BMD in the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total proximal femur areas in Korean menopausal women with mild renal dysfunction.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Aged ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; *Bone Density ; Creatinine/blood ; Female ; Femur Neck/physiology ; *Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/*physiopathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Lumbar Vertebrae/physiology ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/*physiopathology ; Republic of Korea

OBJECTIVETo explore the better treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis of liver and kidney deficiency type.

METHODSOne hundred and five cases were randomly divided into an observation group, a control group A and a control group B equally. In control group A, Calcichew D3 tablets were taken with oral administration; in control group B, Calcichew D3 tablets and Xianling Gubao capsule were taken with oral administration. In observation group, Calcichew D3 tablets and acupoint catgut embedding were applied; Shenshu (BL 23), Ganshu (BL 18), Jiaji (EX-B 2) and Weizhong (BL 40) etc. were selected at acute stage; Shenshu (BL 23) and Ganshu (BL 18) etc. were selected at remission stage, once every half a month and 6 months treatment in all. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), bone mineral density(BMD), estradiol (E2) and clinical effects were compared among groups.

RESULTSAfter 3 and 6 months treatment, the scores of VAS were reduced among groups (all P < 0.01); the reduction in observation group and control group B was superior to that in control group A (all P < 0.001), and it was more obvious in observation group than that in control group B (both P < 0.001). After 6 months treatment, lumbar BMD and the serum level of Ez improved obviously in observation group and control group B (all P < 0.01). The comparison among groups after treatment showed that the BMD in observation group and control group B was superior o o that in control group A (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); the serum level of E2 in observation group was superior to that in control group B and control group A (both P < 0.001), and it in control group B was superior to that in control group A. The total effective rate was 91.4% (32/35) in observation group, superior to that in control group A (57.1%, 20/35); and the total effective rate was 82. 9% (29/35) in control group B, superior to that in control group A.

CONCLUSIONCalcichew D3 tablets and acupoint catgut embedding therapy can relieve the pain caused by postmenopausal osteoporosis of liver and kidney deficiency, improve the bone mineral density and serum level of estradiol; in brief, it is the better method.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Catgut ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Vitamin D ; therapeutic use