OBJECTIVE: To explore 3.0T MRI accurate measurement of knee cartilage thickness in healthy youth provides reliable anatomical parameters for quantitative diagnosis of osteoarthritis and accurate osteotomy of joint replacement. METHODS: From January 2013 to December 2013, 30 healthy young volunteers including 14 males and 16 females with an average age of (25.8±2.4) years old ranging from 22 to 33 years were recruited in Changchun, Jilin Province, and a 3.0T MRI scan was performed on the bilateral knee joints of each volunteer. The cartilage thickness was measured on the lateral femoral condyle (LFC), medial femoral condyle (MFC), lateral tibial plateau (LTP) and medial tibial plateau (MTP). RESULTS: In four regions of the knee joint:LFC, MFC, LTP and MTP, whether young men or women, there was no significant difference in cartilage thickness between the left and right knee joints (P>0.05). There were significant differences in knee cartilage thickness between healthy young men and women (P<0.05). In the same sex group, LFC cartilage thickness was thinner in the middle, thicker in front and rear;MFC cartilage thickness was the thinnest in front and gradually thickening from the front to the rear; LTP cartilage thickness was thickest in the middle, second in the rear and thinnest in the front;MTP cartilage thickness was the thinnest in the front, was relatively uniform in the middle and rear and thicker than that in the front. CONCLUSION In Northeast China, among healthy adults aged 22 to 33, gender difference may be an important factor in the difference of cartilage thickness in various regions of the knee joint. Regardless of whether male or female healthy young people, the cartilage thickness of the entire knee joint is unevenly distributed, but there is no significant difference in cartilage thickness in the same area between the left and right knee joints.
Adult ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Cartilage, Articular/diagnostic imaging* ; Knee Joint/surgery* ; Osteoarthritis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Femur

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the anterior and posterior occlusal plane characteristics of patients with different temporomandibular joint osseous statuses. METHODS: A total of 306 patients with initial cone beam CT (CBCT) and cephalograms were included. They were divided into three groups on the basis of their temporomandibular joint osseous status: bilateral normal (BN) group, indeterminate for osteoarthrosis (I) group, and osteoarthrosis (OA) group. The anterior and posterior occlusal planes (AOP and POP) of the different groups were compared. Then, the regression equation was established after adjusting for confounding factors, and a correlation analysis between the occlusion planes and other parameters was performed. RESULTS: SNA, SNB, FMA, SN-MP, Ar-Go, and S-Go were correlated with the occlusal planes. Relative to the BN and I groups, the FH-OP of the OA group increased by 1.67° on the average, FH-POP increased by 1.42° on the average, and FH-AOP increased by 2.05° on the average. CONCLUSIONS The occlusal planes were steeper in the patients with temporomandibular osteoarthrosis than in the patients without it, and the mandible rotated downward and backward. The height of the mandibular ramus, the mandibular body length, and the posterior face height were small. In clinical practice, attention should be given to the potential risk of temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis in such patients. In addition, SNB, FMA, SN-MP, Ar-Go, S-Go, and occlusal planes had moderate correlations.
Humans ; Dental Occlusion ; Cephalometry ; Mandible ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/diagnostic imaging* ; Temporomandibular Joint/diagnostic imaging* ; Osteoarthritis/diagnostic imaging* ; Mandibular Condyle

OBJECTIVE: To explore correlation between imaging classification of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and axis angle of tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 739 middle-aged and elderly patients with KOA (1 026 knee joints) who underwent vertical X-ray examination of both lower limbs and lateral knee joints from September 2018 to December 2020. Among them, 63 patients with K-L 0 grade (95 knee joints), 100 patients with K-L 1 grade (130 knee joints), 161 patients with K-L 2 grade (226 knee joints), 187 patients with K-L 3 grade (256 knee joints), and 228 patients of K-L 4 grade (319 knee joints). According to relative position of knee joint center and line between hip joint center and ankle joint center, the affected knee was divided into varus group(844 knees joints) and valgus group (182 knees joints). According to Install-Salvati method, the affected knee was divided into three groups, such as high patella (patella height>1.2 mm, 347 knees joints), median patella (patella height ranged from 0.8 to 1.2 mm, 561 knees joints), and low patella (patella height<0.8 mm, 118 knees joints). Lower femur angle, upper tibia angle, femoral neck shaft angle, femoral tibial angle, joint gap angle, hip-knee-ankle angle, patella-femoral angle and patella height among different groups were observed and compared. RESULTS: (1) In varus KOA group, there were statistical differnces in hip-knee-ankle angle, tibiofemoral angle, lower femoral angle, upper tibial angle, joint space angle, and femoral neck shaft angle of patients with different K-L grades (P<0.05). Hip-knee-ankle angle, tibiofemoral angle, lower femoral angle, upper tibial angle, joint space angle and K-L grade were significantly positively correlated at 0.01(P<0.05);femoral neck shaft angle and K-L grade showed negative correlation at 0.01(P<0.05). (2) In valgus KOA group, hip-knee-ankle angle, there were statistical differences in tibiofemoral angle, inferior femoral angle, superior tibial angle, joint space angle, and femoral neck shaft angle of patients with different K-L grades(P<0.05). Hip-knee-ankle angle, tibiofemoral angle, lower femoral angle, upper tibial angle, and femoral neck shaft angle showed negative correlation with K-L grades at level of 0.01 (P<0.05);joint gap angle and K-L grades showed significantly positive correlation at level of 0.01(P<0.05). (3) In high patella group, there were statistically differences in patellar height and patellar femoral angle of different K-L grades(P<0.05);there were no statistical difference in patella height and patellar femoral angle of different K-L grades in median patella group. There was no significant difference in patella heightin low patella group with different K-L grades(P>0.05), and there was statistical difference in patellofemoral angle(P<0.05). Patellar height and patella-femoral angle of high patella group were significantly positively correlated with K-L grades at the level of 0.01 (P<0.05);patella height and patella-femoral angle were not correlated with K-L grades in median patella group(P>0.05). There was no correlation between height of patella and K-L grade in low patella group (P>0.05). There was significant negative correlation between patella-femoral angle and K-L grade at level of 0.05 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Inferior femoral angle, tibiofemoral angle, joint gap angle, hip-knee-ankle angle, femoral neck shaft angle and high patella are related to K-L classification of varus KOA, which could be used for early diagnosis and provide objective data for efficacy analysis of conservative treatment.
Aged ; Middle Aged ; Humans ; Patellofemoral Joint/diagnostic imaging* ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/diagnostic imaging* ; Retrospective Studies ; Knee Joint ; Femur/diagnostic imaging* ; Tibia

OBJECTIVE: To explore relationship between bone marrow edema(BME) and osteoporosis in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Unmatched case-control study was conducted. Totally 160 patients with severe knee osteoarthritis who had undergone knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bone mineral density examination (BMD) from January 2020 to March 2021 were included. Eighty patients complicated with BME were included in BME group, and 80 patients without BME were selected as NBME group. In BME group, there were 12 males and 68 females, aged from 51 to 80 years old with an average of(66.58±8.10) years old;the courses of disease ranged from 5 to 40 months with an average of (15.61±9.25) months;body mass index(BMI) ranged from 21.81 to 34.70 with an average of (27.79±3.00) kg·m^-2;25 patients classified to grade Ⅲ and 55 patients grade Ⅳ according to Kellgren- Lawrence(K-L). In NBME group, there were 15 males and 65 females, aged from 50 to 80 years old with an average of(67.82±8.05) years old;the course of disease ranged from 6 to 37 months with an average of(15.75±8.18) months;BMI ranged from 21.39 to 34.46 with an average of (28.26±3.13) kg·m^-2;25 patients were K-L Ⅲ and 55 patients with K-L Ⅳ. The degree of bone marrow edema was evaluated by knee whole oragan magnetic resonance imaging score(WORMS). Osteoporosis was diagnosed and BMD was evaluated by DXA T value. To explore the relationship between bone marrow edema and osteoporosis by comparing prevalence rate of osteoporosis between two groups, and to further explore relationship between BME and BMD by Spearman correlation analysis of BME WORMS score and DXA T value in BME group. RESULTS: The complete case data were obtained on the first diagnosis, and there was no significant difference in sex, age, courses of disease and BMI between two groups (P>0.05). The proportion of K-L Ⅳ in BME group was significantly higher than that in NBME (P<0.05). The prevalence rate of osteoporosis in BME group was significantly higher than in NBME group with the same K-L grade (P<0.001), and there was a strong negative correlation between BME WORMS score and DXA BMD T value (r=-0.812, |r|=0.812 >0.8, P<0.001). CONCLUSION Osteoporosis is one of the risk factors of bone marrow edema in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis, and the lower the bone mineral density is, the easier it is to be complicated with bone marrow edema.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/diagnostic imaging* ; Bone Marrow/pathology* ; Case-Control Studies ; Bone Marrow Diseases/etiology* ; Osteoporosis/complications* ; Edema/etiology* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between bone marrow edema and pathological changes, symptoms and signs of severe knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: From January 2020 to March 2021, 160 patients with severe knee osteoarthritis who underwrent MRI of the knee at the Department of Bone and Joint, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences were included. Eighty patients with bone marrow edema were selected as the case group, including 12 males and 68 females, aged from 51 to 80 years old with an average of (66.58±8.10) years old, the duration of disease 5 to 40 months with an average of (15.61±9.25) months. Eighty patients without bone marrow edema were selected as the control group, including 15 males and 65 females, aged from 50 to 80 years old with an average of (67.82±8.05) years old, the duration of disease 6 to 37 months with an average of (15.75±8.18) months, BMI was (28.26±3.13) kg·m^-2 ranged from 21.39 to 34.46 kg·m^-2. The degree of bone marrow edema was evaluated by knee whole oragan magnetic resonance imaging score (WORMS). The degree of knee osteoarthritis was evaluated by Kellgren- Lawrence(K-L) grade and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). The degree of joint pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS) and WOMAC pain score, the joint signs were evaluated by tenderness, percussion pain, joint swelling and joint range of motion. To explore the relationship between bone marrow edema and knee osteoarthritis, the prevalence of bone marrow edema and K-L grade were compared between the two groups. Furthermore the WORMS score and WOMAC index, pain-related score, and sign-related score correlation coefficient were analyzed to further explore the relationship between bone marrow edema and knee osteoarthritis index, joint pain symptoms and signs. RESULTS: There was 68.75% (55/80) of the patients in the case group were in K-L grade Ⅳ, and 52.5% (42/80) in the control group, indicating a higher proportion of patients with grade Ⅳ in the case group than the control group (χ²=4.425, P<0.05). In the case group, there was a strong correlation between bone marrow edema WORMS score and knee osteoarthritis WOMAC index. (r=0.873>0.8, P<0.001), a moderate correlation between WORMS score and VAS score and WOMAC pain score(r=0.752, 0.650>0.5, P<0.001), a moderate correlation between WORMS score and percussion pain score (r=0.784>0.5, P<0.001), and a weak correlation between WORMS score and VAS and tenderness score, joint swelling score and joint range of motion score (r=0.194, 0.259, 0.296<0.3, P<0.001). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that severe knee osteoarthritis is associated with an increased risk of bone marrow edema. Bone marrow edema can also lead to knee osteoarthritis joint pain, with percussion pain being a positive sign, but tenderness, joint swelling and limitation of activity are not significantly related to bone marrow edema.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology* ; Bone Marrow/pathology* ; Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging* ; Bone Marrow Diseases/etiology* ; Pain/pathology* ; Arthralgia ; Edema/pathology*

OBJECTIVE: Based on the anatomical differences between discoid lateral meniscus(DLM) and normal lateral meniscus (NLM), this study aims to setting up the ultrasound examination parameters to distinguish DLM and NLM and explore the diagnostic value of these parameters on DLM. METHODS: According to the inclusion, exclusion and matching criteria, 66 DLM patients(DLM group) and 132 NLM patients with other knee joint diseases(NLM group), hospitalized from October 2019 to June 2020, were included in this study. There were 18 males and 48 females in the DLM group, ranging in age from 3 to 60 years old, with a mean of (36.9±12.1) years old;36 males and 96 females in the NLM group, ranging in age from 3 to 60 years old, with a mean of (40.0±12.2) years old. Philips high frequency(3.0 to 12.0 MHz) linear array ultrasound probe was used to examine the lateral meniscus of all patients in two groups. Nine parameters including the thickness, width and the included angle of the anterior angle, body and posterior angle respectively in the lateral meniscus were measured. The included angke is formed by the chords of the upper and lower curved surfaces of the meniscus at the free edge. The independent t test was used to analyze the difference of the measured parameters between the DLM group and the NLM group. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate the cut-off value of each parameter for diagnosing DLM and the corresponding sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the ROC curve(AUC). RESULTS: The above 9 ultrasound measurement parameters between the DLM group and the NLM group had significant statistical differences(P<0.001). The ROC curve analysis method evaluated the cut-off value and diagnostic capabilities of these nine ultrasound parameters for DLM. The results showed that the cut-off value of the included angle of anterior part, body and posterior part were 25.85°, 24.85° and 29.15 °, respectively;and the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and AUC were significantly higher than other parameters, which were 88%, 91%, 79%, 95%, 0.94;89%, 94%, 82%, 97%, 0.96; 92%, 97%, 86%, 98%, 0.97, respectively. CONCLUSION Ultrasound diagnosis of DLM is feasible and reliable. The diagnostic ability of the included angle of the anterior part, body and posterior part in the lateral meniscus measured by ultrasound to diagnose DLM are significantly better than other ultrasound measurement parameters, and the sensitivity and specificity of those parameters are close to MRI. Therefore, ultrasound can be used as a reliable method for preliminary diagnosis of DLM.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial/diagnostic imaging* ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Humans ; Knee Joint/surgery* ; Leg ; Lower Extremity/diagnostic imaging* ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/surgery* ; Rotation ; Tibia/surgery*

Objective: To observe the different imaging manifestations of condylar sclerosis in temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis and explore the imaging significance of condylar sclerosis. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2020, 50 patients with temporomandibular joint condylar sclerosis were examined by cone-beam CT (CBCT) and underwent spiral CT, MRI and radionuclide bone imaging at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in General Hospital of Chinese PLA. There were 15 males and 35 females aged from 16 to 65 years with age of (42.7±14.5) years. The imaging manifestations of CBCT, spiral CT, MRI and radionuclide bone imaging, joint disc displacement and abnormal bone metabolism of condylar sclerosis were analyzed. And the area of condylar sclerosis was graded according to the image of CBCT. Results: A total of 50 patients were included, including 38 unilateral condylar sclerosis, 12 patients with bilateral condylar sclerosis, the total condylar sclerosis were 66. There was no significant difference between the detection rate of further spiral CT (95.5%, 63/66) and CBCT (100.0%, 66/66) (corrected χ²=1.36,P=0.244). The area of condylar sclerosis was (35.5±4.5) mm², ranged from 1 to 100 mm². In addition, spiral CT showed more clearly condylar sclerosis than CBCT. Sclerosis can occur in all parts of condyle, mainly in the upper middle region (68.2%,45/66) in coronal position and in the upper front region (71.2%,47/66) in sagittal position. Fifty-seven condylar sclerosis were detected by MRI, including 4(4/19) condylar sclerosis less than 4 mm². There was significant difference in the displacement of temporomandibular joint disc between the sclerotic side and the non sclerotic side (χ²=10.09, P=0.006). MRI display the condylar sclerosis showed low signal (56/62), followed by high signal (5/62) and medium signal (1/62). Radionuclide bone imaging showed that 4 of the 38 patients with unilateral condyle sclerosis had symmetrical bone metabolism, 34 had abnormal bone metabolism, and 21 patients had concentrated on the non-sclerotic side. Radionuclide bone imaging showed that 4 of the 38 patients with unilateral condyle sclerosis had symmetrical bone metabolism and 34 had abnormal bone metabolism. Conclusions: Spiral CT is more accurate than CBCT in terms of condyle sclerosis through different imaging analysis, and the detection rate of both is higher than MRI. Most of condylar sclerosis showed different degrees of low signal on MRI. The condylar sclerosis side is usually manifested by abnormal bone metabolism.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Mandibular Condyle/diagnostic imaging* ; Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging* ; Temporomandibular Joint/diagnostic imaging* ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/etiology* ; Temporomandibular Joint Disc/diagnostic imaging* ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome ; Osteoarthritis/etiology* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

OBJECTIVE: To observe the imaging features of focus of knee joint tendon in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) technique. METHODS: One hundred KOA patients and 100 healthy subjects were included. All the KOA patients were palpated by the sequence of foot RESULTS: The top-5 focus of knee tendon of KOA patients were located in medial inferior patella, medial tibial condyle, inferior patella, Zusanlici and Hedingci. The thickness of ligaments and tendons in extension and flexion positions in KOA patients were thicker than that in healthy subjects ( CONCLUSION The focus of knee joint tendon in KOA patients shows significantly thickened musculoskeletal imaging features.
Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging* ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/diagnostic imaging* ; Tendons/diagnostic imaging* ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: To investigate relationship between cold pain of knee joint and subchondral bone marrow edema (BME). METHODS: From May 2018 to August 2019, 92 patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) associated with cold pain of knee were admitted, all patients were underwent MRI examination. The patients were divided into observation group (47 patients with BME) and control group(45 patients without BME). In observation group, there were 6 males and 41 females aged from 36 to 87 years old with an average of (63.2±12.3) years old. In control group, there were 10 males and 35 females, aged from 48 to 84 years old with an average of (62.7±8.3) years old. All patientswere treated with drugs. The degree of joint degeneration was evaluated by Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading. Degree of cold pain of knee was evaluated by knee cold pain score, and degree of BME was evaluated according to WORMS. The correlation between cold pain of knee and K-L grading and BME was analyzed. RESULTS: Score of cold pain in observation group (15.55±7.68) was higher than that of control group (9.42± 5.50), which had significant difference ( CONCLUSION The cold pain of KOA patients is not related to K-L grading, but corelate with BME grading. The Cold pain of knee was more pronounced in KOA patients with BME, and the severity of BME is often related to degree of cold pain. It seemed to be a tendency:the more serious BME, the heavier coldpain.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Marrow ; Edema ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/diagnostic imaging* ; Pain/etiology*