Many studies have shown that high-altitude exposure could significantly influence human cognition, and the approaches which could enhance the human cognition in high-altitude hypoxia environment attract great attention. In the present study, we recruited a total of 60 subjects who had been migrated to Tibet University as adults for more than one year. These participants were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. The participants in the experimental group were instructed to complete a hyperbaric oxygen treatment, and those in the control group just completed a wait condition. By using the attention network test (ANT), the changes of the attention function before and after a single session of hyperbaric oxygen treatment were explored. The results showed that single hyperbaric oxygen treatment significantly improved the orienting function of attention, with an obvious post-intervention effect, but not the alerting and conflict function of attention. We also found a strong association between alerting function and conflict function after the end of intervention, suggesting the change of the overall performance of attention function. The present findings might suggest that the improvement of attention function by a single session of hyperbaric oxygen intervention is derived from the increase of general cognitive resources, rather than the transfer of cognitive resources within the attention system.
Adult ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Orientation ; Oxygen ; Reaction Time ; Tibet ; Transients and Migrants

OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in the clinical effect on post-stroke hand spasm among the combined treatment of penetrating acupuncture and kinesiotherapy, the simple application of penetrating acupuncture and the simple application of kinesiotherapy. METHODS: A total of 105 patients with post-stroke hand spasm were randomized into a penetrating acupuncture group, a kinesiotherapy group and a combined treatment group, 35 cases in each one, of which, 2 cases were dropped out in either the combined treatment group and the penetrating acupuncture group, and 1 case dropped out in the kinesiotherapy group. The routine rehabilitation training, e.g. occupational therapy and Bobath exercise and medication were adopted in all of the three groups. In the penetrating acupuncture group, the penetrating needling technique was exerted from Hegu (LI 4) to Houxi (SI 3) and from Waiguan (TE 5) to Sidu (TE 9) on the affected side. In the kinesiotherapy group, the persistent movement or passive movement was exerted on the wrist joint, the metacarpophalangeal joints and the interphalangeal joints. In the combined treatment group, the penetrating acupuncture (the same as the penetrating acupuncture group) was exerted combined with kinesiotherapy (the same as the kinesiotherapy group). In each group, the treatment was given once a day, 30 min in each time, 6 treatments a week in total, with the interval of 1 day between the courses. The treatment for 2 weeks was as one course and 2 courses were required totally. Before and after treatment, the scores of hand spasm index, hand-wrist motor function and the activity of daily living (ADL) were compared in each group. RESULTS: After treatment, the scores of hand spasm index were reduced as compared with those before treatment in each group (<0.05) and the scores of hand-wrist motor function and ADL were increased significantly as compared with those before treatment in each group (<0.05). After treatment, the reducing degree of the score of hand spasm index in the combined treatment group was greater than the penetrating acupuncture group and the kinesiotherapy group (<0.01), and the increasing degree of the scores of hand-wrist motor function and ADL were higher than either the penetrating acupuncture group or the kinesiotherapy group (<0.01). The improvements in each index were not different statistically between the kinesiotherapy group and the penetrating acupuncture group (>0.05). CONCLUSION Compared with the simple application of either penetrating acupuncture or kinesiotherapy, the combined treatment of them achieves the significant improvements in hand spasm degree, hand wrist motor function and ADL in patients with stroke.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Kinesis ; Spasm ; etiology ; therapy ; Stroke ; complications ; Stroke Rehabilitation ; Treatment Outcome

The purposes of this study were to measure the service mind and customer orientation of employees and to identify the effect of service mind on customer orientation in elementary school foodservices. The questionnaires were distributed to foodservice employees of the 19 elementary schools, but collected from 12 schools in Gwangju, Gyeonggi. The statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS (ver. 18.0) for the independent sample t-test, ANOVA, Cronbach's alpha, principal component analysis, hierarchical & K-means cluster analysis, Pearson' correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Foodservice employees highly rated their service mind (3.94 out of 5 points), especially their perceptions on the importance of service (4.13 points). The effort to provide service was significantly different depending on the serving place (P<0.05). Employees had a high level of customer orientation (4.02 points), which was significantly influenced by age, position, or career (P<0.05), and cook license (P<0.01). As a result of cluster analysis for service mind, employees were divided into two groups: a low-service mind group (cluster 1) and a high-service mind group (cluster 2). Cluster 2 had a significantly higher overall customer orientation than cluster 1 (P<0.001). The pride in providing services (beta=0.390, P<0.01) and the perception of the importance of services (beta=0.297, P<0.05) showed a significant and positive effect on customer orientation.
Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Licensure ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Orientation ; Principal Component Analysis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effect of professionalism in the relationship between clinical competence and field adaptation in newly graduated nurses. METHODS: The participants in this study were 213 nurses from four tertiary hospitals who had less than 12 months of nursing experience. Data were collected during January and February, 2013. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and path analysis with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs. RESULTS: The mean score for clinical competence was 2.85+/-0.25, for professionalism, 3.10+/-0.30, and for field adaptation, 2.79+/-0.37. There was a significant positive relationship between clinical competence and field adaptation. Also, professionalism was positively correlated with field adaptation. Professionalism showed mediating effects between clinical competence and field adaptation. Improvement of clinical competence increased professionalism and the increased professionalism raised the field adaptation. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, orientation programs including strategies to increase professionalism, should be established to promote effective field adaptation in newly graduated nurses. These orientation programs can strengthen professionalism, the mediator between clinical competence and field adaptation in newly graduated nurses.
Clinical Competence ; Data Collection ; Negotiating ; Orientation ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tertiary Care Centers

The establishment of clinical epidemiology has meant the improvement of the quality and quantity of clinical science because clinical epidemiology has contributed to the process of decision making across the full scope of clinical practice, including diagnosis, treatment, and care, as well as prevention. Epidemiological and statistical methodologies have been used to analyze scientific evidence on clinical problems. The orientation of evidence-based medicine introduced in the mid-1990s is the application of clinical epidemiology to clinical practice for individual patients. The concept of evidence-based medical practice has triggered the expansion of the scope and range of methods of clinical epidemiology. In spite of the global situation, the formal activity in the area of clinical epidemiology in Korean Medical Academic Association is negligible, with few clinical epidemiologists involved. One of several approaches to stimulating the practice of clinical epidemiology in Korea would be to foster clinical epidemiology as a specialization of clinical preventive medicine, which is one of the sub-specialties of preventive medicine in Korea.
Decision Making ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Korea ; Orientation ; Preventive Medicine

OBJECTIVE: Letrozole and estradiol valerate are used to treat some hormonally-responsive symptoms and also in modeling of the polycystic ovary syndrome. However, the stereological analysis of the ovary has received less attention. Estimation of the whole ovary volume using the Cavalieri method can be applied in any orientation desired, but estimation of the mean volume of the oocytes requires isotropic uniform random sectioning. Here, a combined method was developed for estimating the parameters. To our knowledge, no comparison has been made of the effects of letrozole and estradiol on the ovary. METHODS: Sixty rats were divided into 4 groups receiving estradiol (4 mg/kg), olive oil, letrozole (1 mg/kg), or normal saline. After 21 days, their ovaries were studied. RESULTS: Relative to the control group, the total volume of the ovary and the cortex increased in the letrozole-treated and estradiol-treated rats. In addition, the number of the preantral, antral, and granulosa cells decreased by 43% to 56% in the letrozole- and estradiol-treated rats. On average, a 19% increase was observed in the atretic oocytes of the letrozole-treated and estradiol-treated rats, but the mean oocyte volume decreased by 29% to 44% in letrozole- and estradiol-treated rats. Furthermore, the letrozole-treated rats showed a 5-fold and 7-fold increase in the volume of the cysts and corpus luteum, respectively. A 3-fold increase was found in the volume of both the cysts and corpus luteum in the estradiol group. CONCLUSION: The structural changes of the ovary were most pronounced in the letrozole-treated animals.
Animals ; Carbamates ; Corpus Luteum ; Estradiol ; Female ; Granulosa Cells ; Nitriles ; Olea ; Oocytes ; Organometallic Compounds ; Orientation ; Ovary ; Plant Oils ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; Rats ; Triazoles ; Olive Oil

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine accurately the part of the tragus to be used to form the Ala-Tragal line or Camper's line in orthognathic profile patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 150 dentate subjects with age of 18-40 years with orthognathic profile were sampled. Life-size lateral digital photographs of the face with fox plane were taken in natural head position. Different angles between Eye-Ear plane and occlusal plane (OT1-OP), Eye-Ear plane and ala-superior border of tragus (OT1-AT1), Eye-Ear plane and ala-middle border of tragus (OT1-AT2) and Eye-Ear plane and ala-inferior border of tragus (OT1-AT3) were calculated using computer software package, AutoCAD 2004. From the three angles formed by the Eye-ear plane (OT1 or FH plane) and the ala-tragal lines, the one closest to the angle formed between Eye-Ear plane (OT1) and occlusal plane (OP) was used to determine the occlusal plane of orientation. The obtained results were subjected to ANOVA F test, Tukey's Honestly significant difference test, followed by Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation test. P values of less than 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean of base line angle i.e. OT1-OP angle (11.96 +/- 4.36) was found to be close to OT1-AT2 angle (13.67 +/- 1.93) and OT1-AT3 angle (10.31 +/- 2.03), but OT1-OP angle was found to be more closer to OT1-AT3 angle. Comparison of mean angles showed that OT1-OP angle in both males (11.68) and females (12.51) is close to OT1-AT3 angle (males- 11.01, females- 11.95). CONCLUSION: The line joining from ala to the lower border of the tragus was parallel to the occlusal plane in 53.3% of the subjects. There was no influence of the sex on the level of occlusal plane.
Dental Occlusion ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Orientation ; Software

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the effects of change commitment and learning orientation on the innovativeness of clinical nurse. METHODS: The participants in this study were 268 nurses, working in hospitals in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, and Daejeon City. Data were collected from June to August, 2012. A structured questionnaire was used for data collect and data was analyzed using the SPSS/WIN program. RESULTS: The most significant predictors of innovativeness were education, normative commitment, continuance commitment and learning commitment. Continuance commitment negatively correlated with innovativeness. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that nurses' commitment to change and learning commitment were strongly linked to innovativeness. Management-level workers in these hospitals should have the skills and strategies to promote commitment to change include developing positive expectations about change positive outcomes.
Learning ; Orientation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The supinator muscle originates from the annular ligament of the radius, and the muscle fibers and ligament take a similar winding course. Likewise, the coccygeus muscle and the sacrospinous ligament are attached together, and show a similar fiber orientation. During dissection of adult cadavers for our educational curriculum, we had the impression that these ligaments grow in combination with degeneration of parts of the muscles. In histological sections of 25 human fetuses at 10-32 weeks of gestation, we found that the proximal parts of the supinator muscle were embedded in collagenous tissue when the developing annular ligament of the radius joined the thick intermuscular connecting band extending between the extensor carpi radialis and anconeus muscles at 18-22 weeks of gestation, and the anterior parts of the coccygeus muscle were surrounded by collagenous tissue when the intramuscular tendon became the sacrospinous ligament at 28-32 weeks. Parts of these two muscles each seemed to provide a mold for the ligament, and finally became involved with it. This may be the first report to indicate that a growing ligament has potential to injure parts of the "mother muscle," and that this process may be involved in the initial development of the ligament.
Adult ; Cadaver ; Collagen ; Curriculum ; Fetus ; Fungi ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Muscles ; Orientation ; Pregnancy ; Radius ; Tendons ; Wind

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among followership, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, turnover intention, and customer orientation in hospital nurses. METHODS: The participants in this study were 210 staff nurses in one university hospital. Data were analyzed using frequency, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Followership had positive correlations with organizational commitment (r=.46, p<.001), job satisfaction (r=.41, p<.001), customer orientation (r=.47, p<.001). Followership had negative correlation with turnover intention (r=-.23, p<.001). The factor of followership influencing organizational commitment was active engagement, and this factor accounted for 23.3% of explanatory power. The factor of followership influencing job satisfaction was active engagement (F=45.00, p<.001), and this factor accounted for 17.8% of explanatory power. The factor of followership influencing turnover intention was active engagement (F=19.69, p<.001), and this factor accounted for 17.0% of explanatory power. The factors of followership influencing customer orientation were active engagement (F=51.38, p=.004) and independent, critical thinking (F=24.55, p=.011), and these factors accounted for 22.1% of explanatory power. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate a need to develop followership to promote organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and customer orientation and to decrease turnover intention in nurses.
Intention ; Job Satisfaction ; Orientation ; Thinking