Biochemistry experiment is an experimental module associated with biochemistry curriculum. In the context of deepening the education reform on innovation & entrepreneurship, integrating the concept of innovation & entrepreneurship with the experimental course is an effective way for the biology discipline to foster professional talents with strong engineering ability and innovation & entrepreneurship ability. Outcome-based education (OBE) is a new concept for education. Guided by this concept, we encouraged students to propose and take part in research projects, redesigned the time frame for research project-based experiment teaching, and implemented a multi-dimensional evaluation system along the entire teaching process. Furthermore, we integrated the concept of innovation & entrepreneurship for training undergraduates during the teaching process of biochemistry experiment. These measures not only boosted the students' interest in research and innovation, but also guided the teachers to participate in the entire process, which helped improving the engineering ability and innovation & entrepreneurship ability of the students.
Biochemistry/education* ; Curriculum ; Entrepreneurship ; Humans ; Students

Introduction: The National Unified Health Research Agenda is a major document whose creation by the Philippine National Health Research Systems is mandated by Philippine Law. Multiple frameworks, methods, and approaches for the development of a health research agenda exists. Available literature on research priority setting have mostly focused on its methods, results, or implementation. There are limited studies on the operations management of conducting a national health research priority-setting exercise. Objectives: This paper aims to describe the operational components utilized to develop the NUHRA 2017-2022 and provide lessons learned for future research priority setting endeavors. Methods: This paper identified and categorized the operational components to develop the NUHRA 2017-2022 using the Enabler Criterion of the European Foundation for Quality Management’s (EFQM) Excellence Model. Results: Operationalizing the development of a national health research agenda requires the harmonization of multiple components. Having region-based staff involved in the production of a regional situational analysis improved its context and accuracy. The workload for each cluster team must be considered and anticipated by the management. Stakeholder engagement requires political, diplomatic, advocacy, marketing, management, and technical skills. The process requires building relationships with various institutions. In a largescale project, management processes must be in place to effectively track and monitor its progress. Conclusion Operations and management are usually a neglected area in research and development projects. In a bottoms-up research priority-setting approach, iteration and flexibility is needed which requires a lot of management skills and insight. Duration of the project, planning, resources available, and quality of outputs have a strong interconnected relationship.
Health Priorities ; Organizational Innovation

PURPOSE: Based on the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing entrepreneurial intention in nursing students. METHODS: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 434 participants from five nursing departments. The investigators used self-report questionnaires. The data were collected from October 25 to November 25, 2018. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and three-step hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control of the theory of planned behavior, and role model showed a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. The explanatory power of the whole model was 63%. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, we propose developing a nursing entrepreneurial education model focusing on attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control in the theory of planned behavior.
Behavior Control ; Education ; Entrepreneurship ; Humans ; Intention ; Nursing ; Research Personnel ; Students, Nursing

OBJECTIVES: Customer discovery (CD) is a method to determine if there are actual customers for a product/service and what they would want before actually developing the product/service. This concept, however, is rather new to health information technology (IT) systems. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to demonstrate how to use the CD method in developing a comprehensive health IT service for patients with knee/leg pain. METHODS: We participated in a 6-week I-Corps program to perform CD, in which we interviewed 55 people in person, by phone, or by video conference within 6 weeks: 4 weeks in the United States and 2 weeks in Korea. The interviewees included orthopedic doctors, physical therapists, physical trainers, physicians, researchers, pharmacists, vendors, and patients. By analyzing the interview data, the aim was to revise our business model accordingly. RESULTS: Using the CD approach enabled us to understand the customer segments and identify value propositions. We concluded that a facilitating tele-rehabilitation system is needed the most and that the most suitable customer segment is early stage arthritis patients. We identified a new design concept for the customer segment. Furthermore, CD is required to identify value propositions in detail. CONCLUSIONS: CD is crucial to determine a more desirable direction in developing health IT systems, and it can be a powerful tool to increase the potential for successful commercialization in the health IT field.
Arthritis ; Commerce ; Entrepreneurship ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Informatics ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Pharmacists ; Physical Therapists ; Qualitative Research ; Telerehabilitation ; United States

Long-term morbidity, long-term cognitive impairment and hospitalization-associated disability are common occurrence in the survivors of critical illness, with significant consequences for patients and for the caregivers. The ABCDEF bundle represents an evidence-based guide for clinicians to approach the organizational changes needed for optimizing ICU patient recovery and outcomes. The ABCDEF bundle includes: Assess, Prevent, and Manage Pain, Both Spontaneous Awakening Trials (SAT) and Spontaneous Breathing Trials (SBT), Choice of analgesia and sedation, Delirium: Assess, Prevent, and Manage, Early mobility and Exercise, and Family engagement. The purpose of this review is to describe the core features of the ABCDEF bundle.
Analgesia ; Caregivers ; Cognition Disorders ; Critical Illness ; Delirium ; Humans ; Organizational Innovation ; Respiration ; Survivors ; Ventilator Weaning

To avoid a future catastrophic event like the recent Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak, we must reform our health system based on an objective and thorough review of the outbreak. A little over a year after the outbreak, this paper aims to evaluate the current status of the government's effort to reform our health system across the three following areas: 1) infectious disease emergency preparedness and response; 2) an organized healthcare system for infectious diseases; and 3) hospital preparedness for healthcare-associated infections. In spite of the substantial organizational changes of the Korea Centers for Disease Control (CDC) responsible for infectious disease emergency preparedness and response, the Korea CDC has not shown significant improvement in its competence and organizational commitment in the face of recent infectious disease threats such as Zika virus and cholera. So far, the Korean government has not announced an implementation plan for establishing an organized healthcare system for infectious diseases. To reduce healthcare associated infections, the Korean government implemented major changes in the hospital infection control system, emergency medical service system, and enhanced nursing system. Because the most extensive reform occurred around reducing healthcare-associated infections in hospitals, we need to evaluate the impact of the entire reform effort in a near future. Because the effort to reform our health system remains ongoing, we also need to continue to observe the progress of reform to ensure the avoidance of a future catastrophic event like the recent MERS outbreak.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Cholera ; Civil Defense ; Communicable Diseases ; Coronavirus Infections ; Cross Infection ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Emergency Medical Services ; Health Care Reform* ; Korea ; Mental Competency ; Nursing ; Organizational Innovation ; Zika Virus

Long-term morbidity, long-term cognitive impairment and hospitalization-associated disability are common occurrence in the survivors of critical illness, with significant consequences for patients and for the caregivers. The ABCDEF bundle represents an evidence-based guide for clinicians to approach the organizational changes needed for optimizing ICU patient recovery and outcomes. The ABCDEF bundle includes: Assess, Prevent, and Manage Pain, Both Spontaneous Awakening Trials (SAT) and Spontaneous Breathing Trials (SBT), Choice of analgesia and sedation, Delirium: Assess, Prevent, and Manage, Early mobility and Exercise, and Family engagement. The purpose of this review is to describe the core features of the ABCDEF bundle.
Analgesia ; Caregivers ; Cognition Disorders ; Critical Illness ; Delirium ; Humans ; Organizational Innovation ; Respiration ; Survivors ; Ventilator Weaning

BACKGROUND: Organizational changes that involve healthcare hospital departments and care services of health districts, and ongoing technological innovations and developments in society increasingly expose healthcare workers (HCWs) to work-related stress (WRS). Minimizing occupational exposure to stress requires effective risk stress assessment and management programs. METHODS: The authors conducted an integrated analysis of stress sentinel indicators, an integrated analysis of objective stress factors of occupational context and content areas, and an integrated analysis between nurses and physicians of hospital departments and care services of health districts in accordance with a multidimensional validated tool developed in Italy by the National Network for the Prevention of Work-Related Psychosocial Disorders. The purpose of this retrospective observational study was to detect and analyze in different work settings the level of WRS resulting from organizational changes implemented by hospital healthcare departments and care services of health districts in a sample of their employees. RESULTS: The findings of the study showed that hospital HCWs seemed to incur a medium level risk of WRS that was principally the result of work context factors. The implementation of improvement interventions focused on team development, safety training programs, and adopting an ethics code for HCWs, and it effectively and significantly reduced the level of WRS risk in the workplace. CONCLUSION: In this study HCW resulted to be exposed to occupational stress factors susceptible to reduction. Stress management programs aimed to improve work context factors associated with occupational stress are required to minimize the impact of WRS on workers.
Codes of Ethics ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Education ; Hospital Departments ; Inventions ; Italy* ; Observational Study ; Occupational Exposure ; Organizational Innovation ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of hospitals' innovativeness on outsourcing decision-making regarding four information system (IS) functions, namely, software programs, network maintenance, hardware systems, and PC/printer maintenance. METHODS: Using the 2011 roster of the Korean Hospital Association, this study selected 311 general hospitals as a study population. After identifying the managers who were in charge of outsourcing, this study administered questionnaires. A total of 103 hospitals responded. RESULTS: Of the responding hospitals, 55.34% outsourced at least one IS function, whereas 88.35% outsourced at least one managerial function. IS outsourcing was motivated by the need for outside experts, but other managerial functions were outsourced for cost savings. Innovative and early adopter hospitals were 4.52 and 4.91 times more likely to outsource IS functions related with work processes (i.e., software and network maintenance) than early and late majority hospitals, respectively. IT outsourcing effectiveness significantly influenced the outsourcing decisions regarding four IS functions. Hospitals that had perceived more risks of outsourcing significantly preferred non-outsourcing on their hardware systems, but the risks of outsourcing were not significant for outsourcing decisions regarding the other IS functions. Hospitals' innovativeness also significantly explained the quantity of innovation adoptions. Innovative and early adopter hospitals did more outsourcing than early and late majority hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitals' innovativeness influences decision-making regarding outsourcing. Innovative hospitals are more likely to outsource their work-process-related IS functions. Thus, organizational traits, especially hospitals' innovativeness, should be considered as a key success factor for IS management.
Cost Savings ; Hospitals, General ; Information Systems* ; Organizational Innovation ; Outsourced Services* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Constant change is inevitable in medical education. Medical education is continually influenced as medical schools adapt to new environments, as the society redefines the role of doctors, by ongoing advancements in medical practice, and as educational theory and practice continues to improve. In addition, the external stakeholders such as consumers, government, and accreditation bodies and internal stakeholders such as professors and students are seeking for changes in medical education. Developing an adequate response to the ongoing change in medical education is not easy. Making changes in a complex system like medical education has been compared to 'moving a graveyard'. In order to facilitate successful adaptation to the evolving social and educational parameters involved in medical education, leadership would benefit greatly by the study and application of change management theory that has proven successful in corporate manage ment. A number of authors have suggested that 'in loosely coupled organizations like medical schools, a campaign approach is more effective than a general change management approach'. To make the campaign approach successful, change leaders in medical education need to be facilitative leaders who can stimulate and guide constructive dialogue between faculty members and students, and who can promote a sense of ownership of the ongoing changes developing in the consultations between the internal stakeholders comprising the professors and students.
Accreditation ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Leadership ; Organization and Administration ; Organizational Innovation ; Ownership ; Referral and Consultation ; Schools, Medical