PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop and test a model of the happiness of mothers with young children based on the stress-coping-adaptation model of Lazarus and Folkman. METHODS: The data collection period was from May to July 2016. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data from 210 mothers with children under 5 years of age living in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon provinces. The exogenous variable was parenting stress, and the endogenous variables were parenting alliance, depression, optimism, ways of coping, and happiness. Data from 201 questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The final modified model showed a reasonable fit to the data, and out of 25 paths, 13 were statistically significant. This model explained 78.4% of the variance in the happiness of mothers with young children and confirmed that depression, optimism, parenting alliance, and social support-focused coping have a direct effect on the subject's happiness. Parenting stress also influenced happiness through parenting alliance, depression, and optimism. CONCLUSION: In order to bolster the happiness of mothers with young children, positive psychological interventions that can minimize psychological vulnerabilities, such as depression, and that can enhance their strengths, such as optimism, may serve as effective ways of coping with and adapting to stress.
Child ; Data Collection ; Depression ; Gangwon-do ; Gyeonggi-do ; Happiness ; Humans ; Mothers ; Optimism ; Parenting ; Parents ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic

OBJECTIVE: The most existing research has predominantly focused on city rather than township hospitals. This study aimed to explore depressive symptoms and its associated factors among general practitioners and nurses in Chinese township hospitals.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Liaoning, China in 2016. 2,000 general practitioners and nurses in Chinese township hospitals were recruited and 1,736 of them became final subjects (effective response rate: 86.8%). Data on depressive symptoms, workplace violence (WPV), psychological capital (PsyCap), and demographic factors were collected through questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to explore the factors related to depressive symptoms. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were applied to examine the potential mediating effect of PsyCap.RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among the participants was 49.9%. Workplace violence was positively associated with depressive symptoms, whereas psychological capital and its components of hope, optimism and resilience were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Psychological capital and its components of hope, optimism and resilience all played partial mediating roles between workplace violence and depressive symptoms.CONCLUSION: Nearly half of general practitioners and nurses surveyed suffered from depressive symptoms. Reduction of workplace violence and development of psychological capital can be targeted for interventions to combat depressive symptoms.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Demography ; Depression ; General Practitioners ; Hope ; Humans ; Negotiating ; Optimism ; Prevalence ; Workplace Violence

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of negative affect (defined in terms of lack of optimism, depressogenic attributional style, and hopelessness depression) on the quality of life of women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Participants (n = 177) completed either an online or paper questionnaire made available to members of Australian diabetes support groups. Measures of optimism, attributional style, hopelessness depression, disease-specific data, and diabetes-related quality of life were sought. Bivariate correlations informed the construction of a structural equation model. RESULTS: Participants were 36.3±11.3 years old, with a disease duration of 18.4±11.2 years. Age and recent glycosylated hemoglobin readings were significant contextual variables in the model. All bivariate associations involving the components of negative affect were as hypothesized. That is, poorer quality of life was associated with a greater depressogenic attributional style, higher hopelessness depression, and lower optimism. The structural equation model demonstrated significant direct effects of depressogenic attributional style and hopelessness depression on quality of life, while (lack of) optimism contributed to quality of life indirectly by way of these variables. CONCLUSION: The recognition of negative affect presentations among patients, and an understanding of its relevance to diabetes-related quality of life, is a valuable tool for the practitioner.
Depression ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* ; Female ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Optimism ; Quality of Life* ; Reading ; Self-Help Groups

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of the life goal-focused brief intervention, or the so-called the goal-focused self-regulation program (GFSRP), for patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHODS: The GFSRP was developed as an 8-week group-program, which is based on a wide range of self-regulation theories, such as goal setting and implementation intentions. Patients with AUD (n=50) took part in the GFSRP and were compared to the control group (n=48). This study examined the changes in outcome measures from baseline to follow-up (12-week) in a mixed design. RESULTS: The GFSRP group had higher scores for the abstinence self-efficacy in negative affect situations than the control group at the post-test. In addition, it showed greater scores of optimisms compared to the control group. Furthermore, in the GFSRP group, there was no difference in intrinsic life goals from baseline to the 12-week follow-up, whereas the control group showed a significant decrease. CONCLUSION: The GFSRP could increase the abstinence self-efficacy and optimism among patients with AUD. Moreover, it might prevent loss of life-goals as core factors in self-regulation among patients with AUD.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intention ; Optimism ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Self-Control

Combined heart-liver transplantation (CHLT) is an increasingly accepted treatment for select patients with advanced heart and liver disease. However, CHLT are infrequently performed, despite growing optimism about their effectiveness. Here, we report Asan Medical Center experience with CHLT in three patients presenting with advanced heart and liver failure. One patient died of brain swelling because of intractable hyperammonemia on postoperative day 9. The two other patients were still alive at 53 and 9 months postsurgery. None of these patients required readmission for cardiac or hepatic graft dysfunction and no rejection episodes were detected on routine cardiac biopsies. This is the first report of CHLT cases from Korea.
Biopsy ; Brain Edema ; Chungcheongnam-do* ; Heart Transplantation ; Heart* ; Humans ; Hyperammonemia ; Korea ; Liver Diseases ; Liver Failure ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Optimism ; Transplants

PURPOSE: This descriptive correlational study investigated the effects of violent experience and resilience on burnout in emergency medical technicians (EMTs). METHODS: The participants were 160 EMTs working in fire stations (safety center and local center) located in U, B, and D city. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test post-hoc analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. RESULTS: The number of EMTs getting into ambulances was significantly associated with violent experience, resilience, and burnout. Position of EMTs was significantly associated with both resilience and burnout. In the multiple regression analysis, the subscales of durability and optimism in resilience were significantly associated with burnout after controlling for confounding variables. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that improving durability and optimism in resilience was important to cope with experience of violence and to prevent burnout in EMTs.
Ambulances ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medical Technicians* ; Fires ; Humans ; Optimism ; Violence

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of depression, anxiety, and optimism on postoperative satisfaction and clinical outcomes in patients who underwent less than two-level posterior instrumented fusions for lumbar spinal stenosis and degenerative spondylolisthesis. METHODS: Preoperative psychological status of subjects, such as depression, anxiety, and optimism, was evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). Clinical evaluation was determined by measuring changes in a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before and after surgery. Postoperative satisfaction of subjects assessed using the North American Spine Society lumbar spine questionnaire was comparatively analyzed against the preoperative psychological status. The correlation between patient's preoperative psychological status (depression, anxiety, and optimism) and clinical outcomes (VAS and ODI) was evaluated. RESULTS: VAS and ODI scores significantly decreased after surgery (p < 0.001), suggesting clinically favorable outcomes. Preoperative psychological status of patients (anxiety, depression, and optimism) was not related to the degree of improvement in clinical outcomes (VAS and ODI) after surgery. However, postoperative satisfaction was moderately correlated with optimism. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and optimism were more correlated with patient satisfaction than clinical outcomes. Accordingly, the surgeon can predict postoperative satisfaction of patients based on careful evaluation of psychological status before surgery.
Anxiety* ; Cohort Studies* ; Depression* ; Humans ; Optimism* ; Patient Satisfaction ; Spinal Stenosis* ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis*

BACKGROUND: Millennials are the demographic cohort born from 1982-2004. They exhibit optimism, multi-tasking, techno-savy, but with constant need for structure. Medical trainees are no exception. As local studies on this concern have been trending, available data are lacking.
OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study describes the characteristics of millennial physicians as to attitudes towards their profession, approach to authority and rules, learning preferences, and healthcare practice.
METHODOLOGY: Focused group interviews and quantitative survey were conducted among 150 physicians, aged 25-34 years, at the University of Santo Tomas Hospital Manila.
RESULTS: Most respondents perceive medical profession as a noble way of contributing to society. However, they rarely consider it as a full-time vocation. Rather, they intend to pursue part-time entrepreneurial endeavors for economic reasons, or otherwise. Respect for authority based on values over professional accomplishments is a prominent finding. They prefer approachable and friendly mentors. They only comply with rules that they agree on, unless it is morally unacceptable. Furthermore, the millennial participants learn most effectively in a quiet environment, by listening and taking notes than reading and discussing with others. They attend medical lectures most of the time but when they don't, no remorse is associated. They learn most efficiently through repetition and demonstration. Practical skills are favored more than theoretical knowledge. All use medical apps for healthcare practice. Majority chooses digital over printed materials in seeking treatment information. However, in patient education, they do not prefer the use of text messages or social networking sites. They put more value in face-to-face teachings to families than sharing links for online health materials.
CONCLUSION: The qualities and preferences of millennial physicians provide insights and challenges for the medical faculty to better engage the future healthcare providers. Actions to address the emerging generational gaps are recommended to meet the demands of young physicians of today.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Demography ; Faculty, Medical ; Learning ; Mentors ; Morals ; Occupations ; Optimism ; Philippines ; Physicians ; Social Networking ; Surveys And Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is defined as 'positive psychological change experienced as a result of a struggle with highly challenging life circumstances'. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of PTG and its correlates in Korean patients with breast cancer. METHODS: A sample of 120 participants was recruited from outpatients, who had successfully completed primary treatment of breast cancer at a university hospital., Data were collected from June to December, 2014 using Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, lllness Intrusiveness Rating Scale, Cancer Coping Questionnaire, Revised Life Orientation Test and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. RESULTS: Total score for the PTG was 79.18±17.54 in patients surviving breast cancer. Bivariate analyses indicated that PTG was positively associated with having a religion, perceived social support, greater optimism, cancer coping, and illness intrusiveness. Results of the regression analysis showed that cancer coping (β=.29, p=.001), optimism (β=0.28, p=.001) and illness intrusiveness (β=0.17, p=.037) were statistically significant in patients' PTG. CONCLUSION: The research findings show that the variables of cancer coping, optimism and illness intrusiveness significantly explain PTG and these psychological variables can be used to provide improvement in PTG for patients with breast cancer
Adaptation, Psychological ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Humans ; Optimism ; Outpatients ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Survivors*

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have demonstrated that spirituality has protective effects on depression. However, there are only few studies on the theoretical mechanism showing how spirituality effects on depression. Thus, to find mediating variables explaining the relationship between the spirituality and depression may help to develop appropriate program for reducing depression in elderly cancer patients. In this study, we examined the effect of optimism and pessimism as their mediating effects on depression. METHODS: This study is to verify the relationships between spirituality and depression along with the mediating effects of optimism and pessimism among 600 South Korean elderly cancer patients who participated in a community-based study about their mental health. RESULTS: Optimism and pessimism are linked with spirituality and depression. Higher spirituality levels were associated with increased optimistic thinking, and then optimistic thinking is associated with low possibility of depression, whereas lower spirituality levels were associated with more pessimistic thinking, and in turn pessimistic thinking is associated with high depression scores. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding optimism and pessimism affecting depression level is critical for developing spirituality-based programs to reduce depression in elderly cancer patients.
Aged* ; Depression* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Negotiating* ; Optimism* ; Pessimism* ; Spirituality* ; Thinking