Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the role of muscle strength exercise in the association between obesity status and knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: The study subjects were 1,266 elderly women aged 65 years and older who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2011. Participants were categorized into three groups (normal, single obesity, multi-obesity) based on the presence or absence of obesity and abdominal obesity determined by body mass index and waist circumference. Additionally, they were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of muscle strength exercise. Logistic regression used to examine the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for KOA according to the independent and combined levels of obesity status and participation in strength training. Results: The multi-obesity group had a significantly higher probability of being exposed to KOA compared to the normal group (OR, 2.489; 95% CI, 1.837−3.372). However, there was no significant difference between the groups with and without participation in muscle strength exercise. We also calculated ORs for KOA exposure according to muscle strength exercise participation by obesity status. The results showed that in the multi-obesity group, the probability of KOA exposure was significantly higher in the group not participating in muscle strength exercise compared to the group participating in muscle strength exercise (OR, 2.998; 95% CI, 1.312−6.853). Conclusion This study suggests that regularly participating in muscle strength exercise may play a protective role against the risk of KOA associated with obesity and abdominal obesity.

A 51-year-old man with a 10-day history of acute-onset dysphagia presented with inability to swallow anything orally. The patient was unable to swallow any radiopaque contrast medium; therefore, a videofluoroscopic swallow study could not be performed. Brain imaging, neurological findings, and initial endoscopy findings were normal. Neck computed tomography suggested left vocal cord paralysis. The patient was diagnosed with diabetes one year prior to presentation but did not receive any treatment. Insulin therapy during hospitalization controlled the patient’s blood glucose levels, and his symptoms improved without any sequelae. We present a rare case of vocal cord paralysis secondary to controlled diabetes. The initial endoscopic examination did not include thorough evaluation of the vocal cords; therefore, accurate diagnosis was challenging in this case.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether clipping or endovascular treatment (EVT) can reduce the incidence of delayed hydrocephalus. We also investigated whether additional procedures, namely lumbar drainage and extra-ventricular drainage (EVD), decrease the incidence of delayed hydrocephalus in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred and fifty-two patients who had undergone an operation for SAH were enrolled in this study. Clinical data, radiological data, and procedural data were investigated. Procedural data included the operating technique (clipping vs. EVT) and the use of additional procedures (no procedure, lumbar drainage, or EVD). Delayed hydrocephalus was defined as a condition in which the Evan's index was 0.3 or higher, as assessed using brain computed tomography more than 2 weeks after surgery, requiring shunt placement due to neurological deterioration. RESULTS: Of the 152 patients, 45 (29.6%) underwent surgical clipping and 107 (70.4%) underwent EVT. Twenty-five (16.4%) patients developed delayed hydrocephalus. Age (p = 0.019), procedure duration (p = 0.004), and acute hydrocephalus (p = 0.030) were significantly correlated with the incidence of delayed hydrocephalus. However, the operation technique (p = 0.593) and use of an additional procedure (p = 0.378) were not significantly correlated with delayed hydrocephalus incidence. CONCLUSION: No significant difference in the incidence of delayed hydrocephalus was associated with operation technique or use of an additional procedure in patients with SAH. However, delayed hydrocephalus was significantly correlated with old age, long procedural duration, and acute hydrocephalus. Therefore, we recommend that additional procedures should be discontinued as soon as possible.
Aneurysm ; Brain ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Drainage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus* ; Incidence ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* ; Surgical Instruments

BACKGROUND: Risk factors for recurrent stroke have been evaluated in a few community-based epidemiologic studies. This study aims to estimate the risk factors of recurrent ischemic stroke. METHODS: All patients enrolled as acute ischemic stroke patients from Jan. 1998 to Dec. 2000, and who had visited out-patient clinics at regular intervals with a good compliance were included as subjects. Subjects with poor compliance and those expired were excluded. Subjects with recurrent ischemic stroke were selected according to the diagnostic criteria for recurrent ischemic stroke. Their demographic characterisics (age, sex), risk factors of stroke (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, cardiac disease, transient ischemic attack, smoking, alcohol), and types of stroke (TOAST classification) were analyzed to identify the factors responsible for recurrent ischemic stroke. RESULTS: Among 599 patients with ischemic stroke, 43 patients (7.2%) were identified as having recurrent stroke (27 men and 16 women; mean age=66.3 years). Hypertension and hyperlipidemia were the risk factors which were statistically significant in inducing recurrent ischemic stroke. According to the TOAST classification, cardioembolism was more prevalent in recurrent ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardioembolism plays a significant role in recurrent ischemic stroke. Therefore, the control of these risk factors appears to be important for reducing further recurrent ischemic stroke.
Ambulatory Care Facilities* ; Classification ; Compliance ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Male ; Outpatients* ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stroke*

No abstract available.
Spinocerebellar Ataxias* ; Trinucleotide Repeats

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in detecting rotaviral gastroenteritis in children comparing with that of commercial immunoassays. METHODS: Stools from 79 children admitted Korea University Hospital due to diarrhea were collected from December 1999 to February 2000. Immunoassays were done using commercial rotavirus Latex kit and Rotatec (ELISA) kit. RT-PCR was performed to amplify group A rotavirus, most commonly pathogenic to human, using VP4- and VP7-specific primers. The detection rates of immunoassays and RT-PCR were compared. RESULTS: ELISA assay was superior to LA assay and moderately concordant with RT-PCR in detecting rotaviral gastroenteritis. CONCLUSION: Although RT-PCR is known very sensitive, it does not have significant advantage over immunoassay in detecting rotaviral gastroenteritis.
Child* ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gastroenteritis* ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Korea ; Latex ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rotavirus

Bezoars are persistent concretions of indigestible material, usually seen in the stomach. Esophageal bezoars are very rare and generally occur in elderly patients with anatomic defects such as diverticulum or stricture, or with esophageal motility disorders. However, it is quite unusual that a gastric bezoar would be regurgitated into a normal esophagus during forceful vomiting. Endoscopic removal of a bezoar is safe and successful in most cases. A case of a gastric bezoar regurgitated into the esophagus was recently experienced and removed by an endoscopic polypectomy snare and bezoar (lithotripsy) basket.
Aged ; Bezoars* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diverticulum ; Esophageal Motility Disorders ; Esophagus* ; Humans ; SNARE Proteins ; Stomach* ; Vomiting

A 59-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis showed hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, normotensive hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism and high urinary prostaglandin level. She was thought to have Bartter's syndrome. But, her kidney biopsy specimen showed chronic interstitial nephritis. She have used acetaminophen containing analgesics for recent three years. So we thought her disease was caused by drug. But, in this case, clinical manifestations are correspond with Bartter's syndrome and we have witnessed a successful respond to kalium replacement, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, prostaglandin inhibitor and spironolactone administration.
Acetaminophen ; Alkalosis ; Analgesics ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Bartter Syndrome ; Biopsy ; Female ; Glycogen Storage Disease Type VI ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Kidney ; Middle Aged ; Nephritis, Interstitial* ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Prostaglandin Antagonists ; Spironolactone

BACKGROUND: Different distributions of cytokeratins (CKs) have been found in various layers of the epidermis and in the structure of cutaneous appendages. Benign tumors of the epidermis or cutaneous appendages usually retain the characteristic distribution of CKs of their origin. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: To elucidate the nature and differentiation of various eccrine gland tumors, we performed immunohistochemical staining using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against CKs in a normal eccrire gland, syringoma, eccrine hidrocystoma, eccrine poroma and clear cell hidradenoma. The tissue distribution of various keratins in the normal eccrine gland was compared with that in varioas eccrine gland tumors. RESULTS: With regard to CKs expression, the results indicated that syringoma represents a tumor differentiating toward both the uppermost part of the dermal duct and the lower intraepidermal duct, and eccrine hidrocystoma represents a tumor differentiating toward the luminal cell of the dermal duct of the eccrine gland. Eccrine poroma cells seemed to be most closed related to the uppermost dermal duct of eccrine gland. We also found that analyse distribution of CKs was insufficient to elucidate the histogenesis of clear cell hidradenoma. CONCLUSION: Analysing CKs is helpful in the analysis of epidermal neoplasms with differentiation toward the eccrine gland.
Acrospiroma ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Eccrine Glands* ; Epidermis ; Hidrocystoma ; Keratins* ; Peptides* ; Phenobarbital ; Poroma ; Syringoma ; Tissue Distribution

BACKGROUND: Different distributions of cytokeratins (CKs) have been found in various layers of the epidermis and in the structure of cutaneous appendages. Benign tumors of the epidermis or cutaneous appendages usually retain the characteristic distribution of CKs of their origin. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: To elucidate the nature and differentiation of various eccrine gland tumors, we performed immunohistochemical staining using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against CKs in a normal eccrire gland, syringoma, eccrine hidrocystoma, eccrine poroma and clear cell hidradenoma. The tissue distribution of various keratins in the normal eccrine gland was compared with that in varioas eccrine gland tumors. RESULTS: With regard to CKs expression, the results indicated that syringoma represents a tumor differentiating toward both the uppermost part of the dermal duct and the lower intraepidermal duct, and eccrine hidrocystoma represents a tumor differentiating toward the luminal cell of the dermal duct of the eccrine gland. Eccrine poroma cells seemed to be most closed related to the uppermost dermal duct of eccrine gland. We also found that analyse distribution of CKs was insufficient to elucidate the histogenesis of clear cell hidradenoma. CONCLUSION: Analysing CKs is helpful in the analysis of epidermal neoplasms with differentiation toward the eccrine gland.
Acrospiroma ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Eccrine Glands* ; Epidermis ; Hidrocystoma ; Keratins* ; Peptides* ; Phenobarbital ; Poroma ; Syringoma ; Tissue Distribution