Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and osteoporosis (OP) are two very common metabolic diseases. A growing body of experimental evidence supports a pathophysiological link between MAFLD and OP. MAFLD is often associated with the development of OP. Rutaecarpine (RUT) is one of the main active components of Chinese medicine Euodiae Fructus. Our previous studies have demonstrated that RUT has lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects, and can improve the OP of rats. However, whether RUT can improve both fatty liver and OP symptoms of MAFLD mice at the same time remains to be investigated. In this study, we used C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 months to construct a MAFLD model, and gave the mice a low dose (5 mg·kg^-1) and a high dose (15 mg·kg^-1) of RUT by gavage for 4 weeks. The effects of RUT on liver steatosis and bone metabolism were then evaluated at the end of the experiment [this experiment was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval number: IMB-20190124D₃03)]. The results showed that RUT treatment significantly reduced hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation, and significantly reduced bone loss and promoted bone formation. In summary, this study shows that RUT has an effect of improving fatty liver and OP in MAFLD mice.

BACKGROUND:Cardiac dysfunction due to spinal cord injury is an important factor of death in patients with spinal cord injury;however,the specific mechanism is still not clear.Therefore,revealing the mechanism of cardiac dysfunction in spinal cord injury patients is of great significance to improve their quality of life and survival rate. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism of luteolin in improving serum-induced myocardial cell death in spinal cord injury rats. METHODS:Allen's impact instrument was used to damage the spine T9-T11 of male SD rats to establish a spinal cord injury model meanwhile a sham operation group was set as the control group.The serum of rats of each group was collected.H9c2 cells were divided into a blank control group,a sham operated rat serum group,a spinal cord injury rat serum group and a luteolin pretreatment group.The cells in blank control group were only cultured with ordinary culture medium.The cells in the sham operated rat serum group were treated with medium containing 10%serum from sham operated rat.The cells in the spinal cord injury rat serum group were treated with medium containing 10%serum from spinal cord injury rat.The cells in the luteolin pretreatment group were precultured with a final concentration of 20 μmol/L luteolin for 4 hours and then changed to a medium containing 10%rat serum from spinal cord injury rat.After 24 hours of culture,the survival rate of each group of H9c2 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of autophagy related protein LC3 and p62 in H9c2 cells in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the blank control group,there was no significant change in cell survival rate in the sham operated rat serum group(P>0.05).Compared with the sham operated rat serum group,the cell survival rate(P<0.01)and the expression of LC3 protein(P<0.05)in spinal cord injury rat serum group was significantly reduced,and the expression of p62 protein was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the spinal cord injury rat serum group,the survival rate of cells in the luteolin pretreatment group significantly increased(P<0.000 1);the expression of LC3 protein significantly increased(P<0.05),and the expression of p62 protein significantly decreased(P<0.05).The results indicate that luteolin may improve myocardial cell death induced by serum from rats with spinal cord injury by promoting autophagy.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

The innate immune system serves as the body’s first line of defense against pathogens and plays a central role in inflammation regulation, immune homeostasis, and tumor immunosurveillance. In recent years, with the growing recognition of the concept “exercise is medicine”, increasing attention has been paid to the immunoregulatory effects of physical activity. Accumulating evidence suggests that regular, moderate-intensity exercise significantly enhances innate immunity by strengthening the skin-mucosal barrier, increasing levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and improving the functional capacity of key immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It also modulates the complement system and various inflammatory mediators. This review comprehensively summarizes the effects of exercise on each component of the innate immune system and highlights the underlying molecular mechanisms, including activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), enhancement of mitochondrial function via the PGC-1α/TFAM axis, and initiation of autophagy through the ULK1/mTOR pathway. Emerging mechanisms are also discussed, such as exercise-induced epigenetic modifications (e.g., histone acetylation and miRNA regulation), modulation of the gut microbiota, and metabolite-mediated immune programming (e.g., short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), β‑hydroxybutyrate). The effects of exercise on innate immunity vary considerably among individuals, depending on factors such as age, sex, and comorbidities. For example, adolescents exhibit enhanced NK cell mobilization, whereas older adults benefit from reduced chronic inflammation and immune aging. Sex hormones and metabolic conditions (e.g., obesity, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer) further modulate the immune response to exercise. Based on these insights, we propose a personalized approach to exercise prescription guided by the FITT (frequency, intensity, time, and type) principle, aiming to optimize immune outcomes across diverse populations. Importantly, given the dual role of exercise in immune activation and regulation, caution is warranted: while moderate exercise enhances immune defense, excessive or high-intensity activity may induce transient immunosuppression. In pathological contexts such as infection, autoimmune diseases, or tissue injury, exercise intensity and timing must be carefully adjusted. This review provides practical guidelines for exercise-based immune modulation and underscores the need for dose-response studies and advancements in precision exercise medicine. In conclusion, exercise represents a safe and effective strategy for enhancing innate immune function and mitigating chronic inflammatory diseases.

The assessment of adverse drug events is an important basis for clinical safety evaluation and post-marketing risk control of drugs,and its causality assessment is gaining increasing attention.The existing methods for assessing the causal relationship between drugs and the occurrence of adverse reactions can be broadly classified into three categories:global introspective methods,standardized methods,and probabilistic methods.At present,there is no systematic introduction of the operational details of the various methods in the domestic literature.This paper compares representative causality assessment methods in terms of definition and concept,methodological steps,industry evaluation and advantages and disadvantages,clarifies the basic process of determining the causality of adverse drug reactions,and discusses how to further improve the adverse drug reaction monitoring and evaluation system,with a view to providing a reference for drug development and pharmacovigilance work in China.

Objective To investigate the impacts of wogonin on cardiac inflammation in pregnant hypertensive rats by regulating the monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1)/CC chemokine receptor 2(CCR2)signaling pathway.Methods Pregnancy hypertensive rat model was established by intragastric administration of nitroso L-arginine methyl ester.The rats were randomly divided into control group(0.9％NaCl),model group(0.9％NaCl),experimental-L,-H groups(3.33 and 13.32 mg·kg-1 Wogonin),magnesium sulfate group(intrabitoneal injection 100 mg·kg-1magnesium sulfate),recombinant rat MCP-1 protein(rRMCP-1)group(intraperitoneal injected 0.026 mg·kg-1 rRMCP-1),experimental-H+rRMCP-1 group(gavage 13.32 mg·kg-1 Wogonin+0.026 mg·kg-1 rRMCP-1),each group consisted of 12 animals.Each group was administered once a day for 7 days.The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;the expression of M1 and M2 macrophages in rat myocardium was detected by immunofluorescence staining;the expression of MCP-1 protein in rat myocardium was detected by Western blot.Results Serum TNF-α levels in control group,model group,experimental-L,-H groups,magnesium sulfate group,rRMCP-1 group,experimental-H+rRMCP-1 group were(10.06±0.41),(23.39±0.57),(19.89±0.62),(13.64±0.51),(12.97±0.48),(28.84±1.05)and(17.15±0.69)pg·mL-1;the fluorescence intensities expressed by M1 type macrophages were 32.26±1.43,58.84±2.11,50.66±1.89,36.69±1.57,35.87±1.59,67.73±2.01 and 48.53±1.86;the fluorescence intensities expressed by M2 type macrophages were 31.15±1.20,46.56±1.03,51.92±1.04,59.11±0.82,59.26±0.83,40.26±1.12 and 45.53±1.65;the expression of MCP-1 protein were 0.58±0.03,1.86±0.11,1.62±0.09,0.76±0.07,0.78±0.06,2.16±0.13 and 1.34±0.12,respectively.The above indicators in the model group were compared with those in the control group,compare the above indicators with the model group in the experimental-L,-H groups,magnesium sulfate group and rRMCP-1 group,the above indicators in the experimental-H group were compared with those in the experimental-H+rRMCP-1 group,the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Wogonin may inhibit cardiac inflammatory response in pregnant hypertensive rats by inhibiting the MCP-1/CCR2 signaling pathway.

Zhuang medicine believes that "toxin deficiency" is a key factor in the onset of primary dysmenorrhea, and the failure of the "three pathways and two pathways" is the direct cause of its onset. The treatment should follow the method of "restoring visceral function". The Zhuang medicine lotus needle cupping and dredging method has strong Zhuang characteristics, and is widely used in the treatment of neuropathic pain and has achieved good therapeutic effects. Based on the theory of "toxin deficiency" in Zhuang medicine, this article discussed the application of lotus needle cupping and dredging method in primary dysmenorrhea, and provided reference for its treatment.

Objective To investigate the clinical safety of Chinese medicine combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)at stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,and to explore the influencing factors of immune-related adverse events(irAEs)in the treatment of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ NSCLC with ICIs.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out for the investigation of the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes,related medication information and the occurrence of irAEs in the hospitalized patients diagnosed as stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ NSCLC and treated with Chinese medicine combined with ICIs in the Oncology Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine(University-town Branch)from September 1,2019 to August 31,2022.And the levels of adverse reactions and their possible influencing factors were analyzed.Results(1)The treatment for the 90 NSCLC patients involved 4 regimens,namely ICIs monotherapy,ICIs combined with chemotherapy,ICIs combined with anti-angiogenic drugs,and ICIs combined with chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic drugs.Among them,ICIs combined with chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic drugs were used most frequently for 52 cases(49.1%).A total of 8 kinds of ICIs drugs were used,of which Tislelizumab accounted for the highest proportion(43 cases,40.6%).(2)All of the patients were classified into 5 syndrome types,namely qi deficiency and phlegm-stasis syndrome,phlegm-stasis obstructing the collateral syndrome,qi and yin deficiency syndrome,qi and blood deficiency syndrome,and phlegm-heat accumulation syndrome.Among them,qi deficiency and phlegm-stasis syndrome was the most common type(80 cases,88.9%).(3)The overall incidence of irAEs was 38.9%(35/90),and irAEs being or above grade 3(G3)level in the patients only accounted for 5.6%(5/90).The initial irAEs usually occurred at the immunotherapy course 1-3(17 cases,48.6%).The incidence of irAEs being or above G3 level in the patients treated with ICIs monotherapy was higher than that in the patients treated with the combined therapy(33.3%vs 3.6%).(4)The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)performance status(PS)score of 0-1(OR=8.218,95%CI:1.607-42.023,P = 0.011)and adrenal metastasis(OR=4.497,95%CI:1.237-16.354,P=0.022)were the independent risk factors for irAEs in patients with stageⅢ-Ⅳ NSCLC treated by ICIs(P＜0.05).Conclusion Chinese medicine has the potential to reduce the incidnence of adverse reactions of ICIs in the treatment of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ NSCLC.PS score of 0-1 and adrenal metastasis may be the independent risk factors for irAEs in patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ NSCLC treated by ICIs.