This study investigates the characteristics and clinical outcomes of different types of extended depth-of-focus and multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) to determine which IOL can increase patient satisfaction. Modern cataract surgery has undergone tremendous evolution in terms of IOL quality. Recently, different types of presbyopia-correcting IOLs have become commercially available. Among them, multifocal IOLs are the most frequently used. Multifocal IOLs are different from conventional monofocal IOLs because these have multiple focus, which enable patients to see both distant and near objects at the same time. Multifocal IOLs can be classified as either refractive or diffractive IOLs. Diffractive multifocal IOLs include traditional bifocal lenses and relatively new trifocal lenses, and are the most widely used multifocal IOLs owing to their good clinical performance. Trifocal IOLs have an advantage over bifocal IOLs in terms of intermediate visual acuity, but can cause decreased contrast sensitivity and night vision disturbances. Recently developed extended depth-of-focus IOLs are different from traditional multifocal IOLs in that these extend the focus, resulting in smooth continuous focus. It also has the benefit of better contrast sensitivity and improved visual quality over multifocal IOLs; however, is relatively weak in terms of near visual acuity.
Cataract ; Contrast Sensitivity ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Night Vision ; Patient Satisfaction ; Presbyopia ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To discriminate the visual symptoms and signs of Meares-Irlen syndrome (MIS) and nonspecific dyslexia from other ophthalmologic diseases (NODs). METHODS: Forty-five patients were enrolled. Thirty four of the patients with MIS whose symptoms improved with tinted lenses comprised MIS group. The other 11 patients whose reading difficulty improved with other ocular therapy and did not require tinted lenses comprised NODs group. The main symptoms causing dyslexia and associated ocular diseases were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age was 17.9 +/- 9.5 years in MIS group, and 19.3 +/- 11.0 years in NODs group. In MIS group, the most common symptoms while reading were difficulty to move lines (85%), doubling (53%), and difficulty in bright condition (27%). On the other hand, blurring was the most common symptom in NODs group (45%). The associated ocular diseases in the two groups were refractive error (79% and 73%), dry eye (29% and 18%), and exophoria (6% and 27%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Doubling, difficulty to move lines, and difficulty in bright condition while reading are main specific symptoms in MIS compared to nonspecific dyslexia from other ophthalmologic disorders.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Color ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dyslexia/*diagnosis ; Eyeglasses ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Night Vision ; Perceptual Disorders/*diagnosis/therapy ; Reading ; Refractive Errors/diagnosis/therapy ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Syndrome ; Vision Disorders/*diagnosis/therapy ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To compare pupil size measured by Colvard(R)pupillometer, ORBScan II(R), Sirius(R) and analyze correlation between pupil size and night vision disturbance after refractive surgery according to measuring methods. METHODS: Two hundred eyes of one hundred patients who underwent refractive surgery were retrospectively evaluated. Pupil size was measured with Colvard(R)pupillometer, Sirius(R) in the scotopic light condition and with ORBScan II(R), Sirius(R) in the photopic light condition. Patients filled out questionnaire about night vision disturbance at postoperative three months. Correlation between pupil size according to measuring methods and night vision disturbance was evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age of patient was 26 years and number of male patients was 36. In scotopic light condition, pupil size measured with Colvard(R)pupillometer (6.76 mm) was significantly larger than that of Sirius(R) (6.53 mm) (p < 0.001). In photopic light condition, pupil size measured with ORBScan II(R) (3.98 mm) was significantly smaller than that of Sirius(R) (4.41 mm) (p < 0.001). Night vision disturbance were correlated with pupil size and Sirius(R) in the scotopic light condition had strongest correlation among three measuring method (r = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: Sirius(R) tends to measure pupil size smaller than Colvard(R)pupillometer in the scotopic light condition. The correlation between night vision disturbance and pupil size was highest in Sirius(R).
Eye ; Humans ; Light ; Male ; Night Vision ; Pupil ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To investigate long-term satisfaction and quality of life after myopic laser refractive surgery. METHODS: This study included 231 myopic patients who underwent laser refractive surgery (LASIK, LASEK or PRK) at least five years prior, between 2002 and 2005, at 5 hospitals. Using a telephone survey, patients were asked to subjectively answer 26 questions regarding satisfaction, quality of life changes, and visual symptoms. RESULTS: The mean patient satisfaction score was 8.12 (scale of 1 to 10). Improvement in quality of life was reported by 91% of the subjects. Intention to have surgery again was reported by 87.9% of the subjects and intention to recommend refractive surgery to a friend or family was reported by 80.5% of the subjects. The most common discomfort symptoms after myopic laser refractive surgery were dry eye symptoms (57.1%), followed by night vision disturbances (54.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term satisfaction and quality of life were shown to be positive in patients treated with myopic refractive surgery.
Eye ; Friends ; Humans ; Intention ; Keratectomy, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted ; Night Vision ; Patient Satisfaction ; Quality of Life ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Telephone

PURPOSE: To evaluate near and far visual outcomes, subjective visual symptoms, and patient satisfaction with AcrySof(R) ReSTOR(R) diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses (IOL), and to study the reasons for postoperative dissatisfaction. METHODS: Twenty-three eyes of 19 patients received phacoemulsifications and implantation of AcrySof(R) ReSTOR(R) IOL. The main outcome measures, taken at postoperative 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months, were uncorrected and corrected near and distant visual acuity, refractory errors, subjective visual symptoms (glare, halo, and night vision), and satisfaction. RESULTS: At the 3-month postoperative visit, the mean uncorrected near and distant visual acuities were 0.59+/-0.24 (0.25+/-0.22 LogMAR unit) and 0.78+/-0.27 (0.13+/-0.10 LogMAR unit), respectively. In addition, patients' satisfaction with uncorrected near vision, intermediate vision, far vision, and general visual performance were better than their satisfaction with night vision. Glare and halos were reported as severe by only 10.2% and 5.3% of patients, respectively. The seven eyes with poor patient satisfaction included eyes with a high incidence of preoperative ocular diseases or preoperative and postoperative high corneal astigmatisms of more than 1.0 diopter. CONCLUSIONS: The AcrySof(R) ReSTOR(R) IOL demonstrated good near and distant visual acuity with good patient satisfaction. Previous ocular disease, corneal astigmatism less than 1.0 diopter, and patient lifestyle should be considered to enhance patient satisfaction.
Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Corneal Diseases ; Eye ; Glare ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Life Style ; Night Vision ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Patient Satisfaction ; Phacoemulsification ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: We evaluate the clinical outcomes after wavefront-guided (WFG) Epi-LASIK in mild and moderate myopia . METHODS: The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), manifest refraction, total high order aberrations, contrast sensitivity for day and night vision, and pain score in 114 eyes of 61 patients who had undergone WFG Epi-LASIK were measured preoperatively and at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: At 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months and 6 months postoperatively, UCVA & BCVA had improved significantly. At 1 month postoperatively, the spherical equivalent was -0.93+/-0.74 and showed a stable pattern at 6 months postoperatively. There was no statistically significant difference in total high-order aberration between preoperatively measurements and measurements taken at 6 months postoperative (p=0.745). At a frequency of 19 cpd, night contrast sensitivity showed significant statistical difference (p=0.010) but no difference at low and medium frequencies between preoperative measurements and postoperative six months measurements. Pain subsided at 2 weeks postoperative. All patients maintained clear cornea and suffered no complications. CONCLUSIONS: At 6 months postoperatively, patients who underwent Wavefront-guided Epi-LASIK showed successful results for the correction of moderate myopia and excellent contrast sensitivity at night time. Wavefront-guided Epi-LASIK may solve the visual quality problem after refractive surgery and, therefore, may be clinically useful.
Contrast Sensitivity ; Cornea ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Myopia ; Night Vision ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: This study investigates both the current situation and future trends in the field of refractive surgery in Korea. METHODS: Members of the Korean Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (KSCRS) have been annually surveyed regarding cataract and refractive surgery since 1995. The 2004 annual survey, which consisted of 58 multiple-choice questions, was mailed in May 2004 to 322 KSCRS members; fifty-four (16.8%) members responded. Data from the 2004 survey was compared with that of previous annual surveys and similar studies from the USA. RESULTS: The respondents indicated that patients in their forties accounted for the highest percentage (57%) of subjects, and LASIK accounted for the highest percentage (82%) of refractive surgeries. Degeneration of corrected vision, night halo, and glare accounted for a high proportion of the complications arising after refractive surgery. LASIK was the preferred method for treating myopia less than -12 diopters, while phakic IOL was preferred for myopia more than -12 diopters. Lastly, more respondents indicated that they had experienced legal problems associated with PRK or LASIK than the previous year. CONCLUSIONS: LASIK remains the refractive surgery procedure of choice, although wavefront-guided ablation is gaining in popularity. Approximately half of the respondents indicated they used MMC in their refractive surgeries.
Cataract ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Glare ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Korea* ; Myopia ; Night Vision ; Postal Service ; Refractive Surgical Procedures*

Choroideremia is a rare hereditary disease with characteristic fundus that causes night blindness and peripheral visual field loss. The authors encounter choroideremia accompanied by recurrent uveitis. This paper is designed to give a description of the condition, along with an investigation of the literature. Ophthalmological tests and treatments were performed. Characteristic fundus, night blindness, peripheral visual field loss, electroretinography and other manifestations led us to a diagnosis of choroideremia. The anterior uveitis was managed with medication.
Adult ; Choroideremia/*complications/diagnosis ; Electroretinography ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fundus Oculi ; Human ; Male ; Night Blindness/etiology ; Recurrence ; Uveitis, Anterior/*complications ; Vision Disorders/etiology ; Visual Fields

PURPOSE: To report a case of Congenital stationary night blindness associated with myopia. METHODS: A 19-year-old male with night blindness was referred to our hospital. We studied patient's family history, refraction, color vision test, fundus examination, electroretinogram and visual field. RESULTS: Both fundi showed temporal conus and myopic change. Both visual field revealed generalized depression. The light- and dark-adapted electroretinogram showed a normal a wave with extremely reduced b wave, resulting in a typical "negative" wave form.
Color Vision ; Conus Snail ; Depression ; Humans ; Male ; Myopia* ; Night Blindness* ; Visual Fields ; Young Adult

We retrospectively evaluated clinial results of 13 eyes of 8 patients who underwent lensectomy and 11 eyes of 7 patients who underwent LASIK(laser assisted in sity keratomileusis) for correction of high myopia. Clinical outcomes of uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, postoperative refraction, and contrast sensitivity were evaluated. Subjective tests concerning glare, night halos, or decrement of night vision were also performed in each group. Postoperative uncorrected and corrected visual acuities were not significantly different between two groups. Predicatability was significantly higher in lensectomy group than that of LASIK group. Mean contrast sensitivity value of highest frequency(20 cpd) in LASIK group was significantly lower than that in lensectomy group. Subjective glare or night hlaos occurred more in LASIK group. During follow-up, visual loss with 2 lines or more was noted in 2 eyes due to postoperative complications in lensectomy group. No complication occurred in LASIK group. LASIK has been considered reasonably predictable and safe method for correction of high myopia. But our data suggest that lensectomy may give better quality of vision postoperatively compared to LASIK for high myopia. If prophylactic treatments which are aimed to prevention of postoperative complications are carried out prior to lensectomy, lensectomy is a reasonable refractive surgical potion especially for middle-aged patients with high myopia.
Contrast Sensitivity ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glare ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Myopia* ; Night Vision ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity