OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism by which arecoline regulates the level of miR-155-5p in macrophage-secreted exosomes to induce the transformation of human oral mucosal fibroblasts (HOMFs) into fibroblast phenotype. METHODS: Exosomes were harvested from human monocytic cell line THP-1 with or without arecoline treatment. The effects of arecoline-treated THP-1 cell culture supernatant (CS), THP-1-derived exosomes (EXO), exosome-depleted THP-1 cell supernatant (NES), miR-155-5p overexpression, and miR-155-5p inhibitor on migration ability of arecoline-treated HOMF cells were examined using Transwell migration assay. The polarization of THP-1 cells was detected using flow cytometry. DCFH-DA was used to detect the level of oxidative stress in the cells with different treatments. The mRNA and protein expressions of α- SMA, type I collagen and SOCS1 in the cells were detected with qRT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: Flow cytometry showed that arecoline-treated THP-1 cells exhibited obvious polarization from M₀ to M₁. Both the supernatant and exosomes from arecoline-treated THP-1 cells significantly enhanced the migration ability of HOMF cells, increased intracellular oxidative stress, up-regulated the expressions of miR-155- 5p and the mRNA and protein levels of α-SMA and type I collagen, and lowered the mRNA and protein expressions of SOCS1. In HOMF cells treated with exosomes from arecoline- treated THP-1 cells, overexpression of miR-155-5p significantly enhanced cell migration ability and increased cellular expressions of α-SMA and type I collagen, and miR-155-5p inhibitor caused the opposite changes. CONCLUSION Arecoline can up-regulate miR-155-5p expression in THP-1 cells and inhibit the expression of SOCS1 protein in HOMF cells via the exosome pathway, thus promoting the fibrotic phenotype transformation of HOMF cells.
Humans ; Exosomes ; Arecoline/pharmacology* ; Collagen Type I ; Fibroblasts ; Macrophages ; MicroRNAs

Objective: To investigate the potential value of CT Radiomics model in predicting the response to first-line chemotherapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods: Pre-treatment CT images and clinical data of DLBCL patients treated at Shanxi Cancer Hospital from January 2013 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into refractory patients (73 cases) and non-refractory patients (57 cases) according to the Lugano 2014 efficacy evaluation criteria. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression algorithm, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen out clinical factors and CT radiomics features associated with efficacy response, followed by radiomics model and nomogram model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and clinical decision curve were used to evaluate the models in terms of the diagnostic efficacy, calibration and clinical value in predicting chemotherapy response. Results: Based on pre-chemotherapy CT images, 850 CT texture features were extracted from each patient, and 6 features highly correlated with the first-line chemotherapy effect of DLBCL were selected, including 1 first order feature, 1 gray level co-occurence matrix, 3 grey level dependence matrix, 1 neighboring grey tone difference matrix. Then, the corresponding radiomics model was established, whose ROC curves showed AUC values of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.76-0.89) and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.60-0.86) in the training and validation groups, respectively. The nomogram model, built by combining validated clinical factors (Ann Arbor stage, serum LDH level) and CT radiomics features, showed an AUC of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.90-0.99) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.82-1.00) in the training group and the validation group, respectively, with significantly better diagnostic efficacy than that of the radiomics model. In addition, the calibration curve and clinical decision curve showed that the nomogram model had good consistency and high clinical value in the assessment of DLBCL efficacy. Conclusion: The nomogram model based on clinical factors and radiomics features shows potential clinical value in predicting the response to first-line chemotherapy of DLBCL patients.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy* ; Algorithms ; Niacinamide ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective: To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) on lung injury caused by Paraquat intoxicated mice. Methods: Eighty clean male BALB/C mice were selected and averagely divided forty mice into 4 groups with 10 mice in each group, PQ group was given 25% PQ solution (60 mg/kg) by one-time gavage. PQ+NR group were intraperitoneally injected with NR solution (300 mg/kg) 1 hour before given the same amount of PQ solution (60 mg/kg) by one-time gavage, The Control group were given the same amount of saline by one-time gavage, The same amount of NR was intraperitoneally injected before NR group were given saline by one-time gavage. Observed and recorded general condition of PQ intoxicated mice. Observed and recorded the death of mice every half an hour and counted the mortality and drew survival curve of each group after 72 hours exposure. another forty mice were averagely divided and treated by the same way. After 24 hours of modelling, mice were anaesthetized and killed. Then blood was extracted after eyeball was removed. The changes of TNF-a、IL-6 and MPO in serum of mice were detected by ELISA.Two lung tissues were removed from the chest and used to measure the D/W ratio of the lung. The pathological changes of lung were observed and scored under light microscope.The levels of SOD, MDA and Caspase-3 in lung tissues were determined by chemical colorimetry. The expression of Sirt1 and Nrf2 in lung tissues was detected by Western-blot. Results: Compared with the Control group and the NR group, the mice in the PQ group had a poor general condition, such as depression, crouching, skin disorder and reduced activity, food, urine and feces. The symptoms in the PQ+NR group were reduced compared with the PQ group. The survival rate at 72 hours after exposure: 80% in the PQ+NR group and 40% higher than that in the PQ group (P=0.029) . Compared with Control group and NR group, the D/W ratio (0.09±0.07) , lung pathology score under light microscope (11.80±0.37) , TNF-a (39.89±1.48) pg/ml、IL-6 (77.29±2.38) pg/ml、MPO (0.31±0.01) μg/ml、SOD (6.62±0.30) U/mgprot、MDA level (1.21±0.14) mmol/mgprot, Caspase-3 activity (356.00± 27.16) %, Sirt1 and Nrf2 protein expression (1.02±0.14、0.82±0.06) were significantly decreased in PQ group (P=0.004、0.023) ; Compared with PQ group, PQ+NR group significantly increased the D/W ratio (0.10±0.10) , decreased the pulmonary pathology score under light microscope (7.400.51) , decreased TNF-a (33.00± 0.65) pg/ml、IL-6 (52.23±4.23) pg/ml、MPO leve (0.23±0.01) μg/mll, increased SOD leve (9.28±0.45) U/mgprotl, decreased MDA level (0.78±0.02) mmol/mgprot, decreased Caspase-3 activity (222.80±7.59) %, and increased the protein expressions of Sirt1 and Nrf2 (1.62±0.16、1.06±0.04) (P=0.048、0.035) . Conclusion: NR can prolong the survival time of PQ poisoned mice; NR intervention can effectively inhibit the inflammatory response, peroxidation injury and apoptosis of PQ poisoned mice; NR intervention can upregulate the expression of Sirt1 and Nrf2 protein and effectively reduce the lung injury of PQ poisoning.
Animals ; Caspase 3/metabolism* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Lung ; Lung Injury/metabolism* ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; Niacinamide/pharmacology* ; Paraquat/toxicity* ; Pyridinium Compounds/pharmacology* ; Sirtuin 1/metabolism* ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*

In this study, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) were employed to analyze the water distribution, status, and migration in the moistening process of Arecae Semen. Peleg model was adopted to study the water absorption kinetics of Arecae Semen moistened at different water temperatures(10, 30, and 50 ℃). The Arecae Semen samples soaked at different water temperatures all contained four water states: binding water T_(21), non-flowing water T_(22), free water T_(23), and unbound water T_(24). Non-flowing water had the largest increase in peak area during the moistening process, followed by free water. The peak areas of non-flowing water, free water, and total water were correlated with the water content(P<0.01). Therefore, LF-NMR can quickly and non-destructively predict the water content of Arecae Semen during moistening. The peak area of non-flowing water and the content of free water were correlated with the content of arecoline in the soaking solution(P<0.01), which indicated that the faster flow of non-flowing water and more free water corresponded to more arecoline dissolved. The MRI images showed that the water migration pathway varied at different soaking temperatures, and the moistening degree obtained by this means was consistent with that obtained based on traditional experience. The rate constant K_1 fitted by Peleg model decreased with the increase in water temperature, while the capacity constant K_2 showed an opposite trend. The Arrhenius equation fitting of K_1 with temperature showed that the activation energy of Arecae Semen in the moistening process was 32.98 kJ·mol~(-1). LF-NMR/MRI can be used to analyze the water status and content and determine the end moisturing point of Arecae Semen. Peleg model can accurately describe the water absorption properties of Arecae Semen in the moistening process. The findings of this study can guide the moistening optimization and mechanism research of other seed Chinese medicinal materials.
Areca ; Arecoline/analysis* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis* ; Kinetics ; Seeds/chemistry* ; Water/analysis*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of medical ozone oil and urea ointment for prevention and treatment of hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) caused by sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A total of 99 patients diagnosed with advanced HCC according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) who were scheduled to receive sorafenib treatment for the first time were enrolled in this study between April, 2018 and January, 2020. The patients were randomized into medical ozone oil group ( RESULTS: Eight patients were excluded for poor compliance or protocol violations, leaving a total of 91 patients for analysis, including 44 in medical ozone oil group and 47 in urea ointment group. Sixteen (36.4%) of patients in ozone oil group developed HFSR, a rate significantly lower than that in urea ointment group (57.4%; CONCLUSIONS Medical ozone oil can significantly reduce the incidence and severity of HFSR to improve the quality of life of HCC patients receiving sorafenib treatment.
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy* ; Hand-Foot Syndrome/prevention & control* ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Niacinamide/therapeutic use* ; Ozone/therapeutic use* ; Phenylurea Compounds/adverse effects* ; Quality of Life ; Sorafenib/therapeutic use*

Humans ; Male ; Minerals ; Miners ; Niacinamide ; Pantothenic Acid ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; Testosterone ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Vitamin B 12 ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamins ; Zinc

niacin, vitamin B₁₂, pantothenic acid, sodium, animal iron, zinc, selenium, and cholesterol (negative trends), and carbohydrate rate, fiber, water-soluble fiber, vitamin K, vitamin C, and plant calcium (positive trends). Multivariate analysis revealed that animal fat, animal iron, and niacin (negative trends) and animal protein, fiber, and vitamin C (positive trends) were statistically significant. Pantothenic acid and sodium showed non-significant negative trends (P < 0.1), and vitamin B₁₂ showed a non-significant positive trend.CONCLUSION: This study provided a nutritional basis and extended the utility of ACFS, which is a bridgehead for future cancer-preventive clinical trials using ACFS.]]>
Animals ; Ascorbic Acid ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Humans ; Iron ; Multivariate Analysis ; Niacin ; Pantothenic Acid ; Plants ; Riboflavin ; Selenium ; Sodium ; Vegetarians ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin K ; Vitamins ; Zinc

Background: Niacinamide is known for its anti-inflammatory effect and skin penetration capability. Currently, limited studies are available on its efficacy on psoriasis. Objective: This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of 4% niacinamide cream on mild to moderate psoriasis. Methods: 40 patients were randomly allocated to 4% niacinamide cream (N), or 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide cream (TAC) or 4% niacinamide cream and 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide cream (N-TAC) for 10 weeks treatment. A 50% improvement in psoriasis area severity index (PASI50) was considered as the primary endpoint of the study. Secondary outcome measures were physician global assessment (PGA), dermatology life quality index (DLQI), and adverse events. PASI and PGA were assessed biweekly. DLQI was assessed at the start and at the end of the study period. Results: PASI50 was achieved in 85% of patients in N-TAC, 75% of patients in TAC and 15% of patients in N. There was no statistical significant difference between groups TAC and N-TAC (p=0.645, Fisher’s exact test). A higher number of patients in N-TAC (31%) achieved PGA1 score or “almost clear” and reached PASI50 earlier (60% at week 4). A higher improvement in DLQI score was seen in N-TAC; however, mean DLQI improvement did not vary by treatment group (p=0.0770). No adverse event was reported for groups TAC and N-TAC while pruritus and erythema were noted in N. Conclusion: Monotherapy of 4% niacinamide cream was not effective in the treatment of mild to moderate psoriasis. The combination N-TAC showed a continuous and sustained improvement of lesions compared to monotherapy TAC.
triamcinolone acetonide ; niacinamide ; psoriasis

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a type of vitamin B3 found in cow's milk and yeast-containing food products such as beer. Recent studies suggested that NR prevents hearing loss, high-fat diet-induced obesity, Alzheimer's disease, and mitochondrial myopathy. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of NR on inflammation and mitochondrial biogenesis in AML12 mouse hepatocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: A subset of hepatocytes was treated with palmitic acid (PA; 250 µM) for 48 h to induce hepatocyte steatosis. The hepatocytes were treated with NR (10 µM and 10 mM) for 24 h with and without PA. The cell viability and the levels of sirtuins, inflammatory markers, and mitochondrial markers were analyzed. RESULTS: Cytotoxicity of NR was examined by PrestoBlue assay. Exposure to NR had no effect on cell viability or morphology. Gene expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and Sirt3 was significantly upregulated by NR in PA-treated hepatocytes. However, Sirt1 activities were increased in hepatocytes treated with low-dose NR. Hepatic pro-inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 were decreased in NR-treated cells. NR upregulated anti-inflammatory molecule adiponectin, and, tended to down-regulate hepatokine fetuin-A in PA-treated hepatocytes, suggesting its inverse regulation on these cytokines. NR increased levels of mitochondrial markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, uncoupling protein 2, transcription factor A, mitochondrial and mitochondrial DNA in PA-treated hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrated that NR attenuated hepatic inflammation and increased levels of mitochondrial markers in hepatocytes.
Adiponectin ; alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein ; Alzheimer Disease ; Animals ; Beer ; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase ; Cell Survival ; Cytokines ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Fatty Liver ; Gene Expression ; Hearing Loss ; Hepatocytes ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-6 ; Mice ; Milk ; Mitochondria ; Mitochondrial Myopathies ; Niacin ; Niacinamide ; Obesity ; Organelle Biogenesis ; Palmitic Acid ; Peroxisomes ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuins ; Transcription Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

BACKGROUND: The health condition of old age is affected by various factors such as economic level, disease condition, and nutrition. With the aging population in Korea, the ratio of single-person households increased rapidly. Research on the health status and nutrition of the elderly in the single-person household is very insufficient. In this study, we compared the health and nutritional status of the elderly by the household type. METHODS: Data from the 2013 to 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. A total of 2,730 patients were classified into 2 groups (single-person, with family), and general, chronic disease, health behavior, nutrient intake, and food insecurity status were compared by the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Single-person households had a low economic and educational level and a higher percentage of women. In addition, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction disease rate was significantly higher. Sing-person households answered that their subjective health status was bad, and their quality of life was low. As a result of analysis of the quality of the diet in the single-person, the intake of protein, calcium, iron, vitamin B2, niacin, and vitamin C was significantly lower. In particular, the intake of calcium was the most insufficient. Food insecurity has also been observed, including the inability to consume diverse and sufficient foods due to economic difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: More attention should be paid to the health of single-person households in elderly population and various policies should be prepared.
Aged ; Aging ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Chronic Disease ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Diet ; Dyslipidemias ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Food Supply ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Iron ; Korea ; Myocardial Infarction ; Niacin ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity ; Quality of Life ; Riboflavin ; Single Person ; Stroke