ObjectivePatients with hepatic glycogen storage disease（GSD）have recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia. This study aimed to investigate and analyze blood glucose and biochemical indicators in pediatric patients with hepatic GSD， thus provide data support for hypoglycemia prevention and its clinical management. MethodsA cross-sectional field study was conducted among patients with hepatic GSD treated in the Department of Pediatrics of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital on July 14， 2024. We collected the peripheral blood samples of the patients and their healthy family controls on site， then analyzed and compared their blood glucose and biochemical indicators. ResultsOf the 44 patients with hepatic GSD， there were 34 males and 10 females， including GSD Ib（n =14）， GSD Ia（n=15）， GSD Ⅲ（n=2）， GSD Ⅵ（n=7）and GSD Ⅸ（n=6）. The average age was 7.60（5.08-11.98）years. All patients were on uncooked cornstarch（UCCS）therapy. Of the patients， 77.3%（34/44）had hepatomegaly， 61.4%（27/44）had recurrent hypoglycemia， 61.4%（27/44）had blood glucose ≤ 3.9 mmol/L， 18.2%（8/44）had blood glucose ≤ 2.8 mmol/L， and none of the 8 cases was GSD Ib. The lowest blood glucose level was 1.19 mmol/L and no episodes of hypoglycemia occurred. Of the family control subjects， 65.9%（29/44）had blood glucose ≤ 3.9 mmol/L. There was no significant difference in hypoglycemia prevalence between hepatic GSD group and control group（P=0.658）. The hepatic GSD patients had hyperlactacemia， hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia prevalence rates of 65.9%， 45.5% and 9.1%， respectively， as compared with 18.2%， 43.2% and 15.9%， respectively， for the family control subjects. No significant difference was found in the prevalence rates of hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia between the two groups（P=0.830 and P=0.334， respectively）. ConclusionsAsymptomatic hypoglycemia is common in patients with hepatic GSD， especially in non-GSD-Ib patients. It is necessary to optimize the diet management of UCCS， conduct dynamic blood glucose monitoring and follow a light diet， so as to decrease hyperuricemia and hypercholesterolemia， avoid and reduce the serious adverse reactions and complications caused by severe hypoglycemia.

Metabolites produced as intermediaries or end-products of microbial metabolism provide crucial signals for health and diseases, such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). These metabolites include products of the bacterial metabolism of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules (such as bile acids [BAs], trimethylamine-N-oxide, and short-chain fatty acids), or products directly derived from bacteria. Recent studies have provided new insights into the association between MASLD and the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, alterations in microbiota composition and metabolite profiles, notably altered BAs, have been described in studies investigating the association between MASLD and the risk of CKD. This narrative review discusses alterations of specific classes of metabolites, BAs, fructose, vitamin D, and microbiota composition that may be implicated in the link between MASLD and CKD.

Metabolites produced as intermediaries or end-products of microbial metabolism provide crucial signals for health and diseases, such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). These metabolites include products of the bacterial metabolism of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules (such as bile acids [BAs], trimethylamine-N-oxide, and short-chain fatty acids), or products directly derived from bacteria. Recent studies have provided new insights into the association between MASLD and the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, alterations in microbiota composition and metabolite profiles, notably altered BAs, have been described in studies investigating the association between MASLD and the risk of CKD. This narrative review discusses alterations of specific classes of metabolites, BAs, fructose, vitamin D, and microbiota composition that may be implicated in the link between MASLD and CKD.

Metabolites produced as intermediaries or end-products of microbial metabolism provide crucial signals for health and diseases, such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). These metabolites include products of the bacterial metabolism of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules (such as bile acids [BAs], trimethylamine-N-oxide, and short-chain fatty acids), or products directly derived from bacteria. Recent studies have provided new insights into the association between MASLD and the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, alterations in microbiota composition and metabolite profiles, notably altered BAs, have been described in studies investigating the association between MASLD and the risk of CKD. This narrative review discusses alterations of specific classes of metabolites, BAs, fructose, vitamin D, and microbiota composition that may be implicated in the link between MASLD and CKD.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the non-fasting triglyceride and glucose （TyG） index and hyperglycemia in pregnancy during the third trimester in high altitudes. MethodsThis study selected clinical and laboratory data of 774 Tibetan singleton pregnant women who delivered at Chaya People's Hospital of Qamdo city in Xizang autonomous region， from January 2023 to April 2025. The non-fasting TyG index was calculated from non-fasting triglyceride （TG） and random plasma glucose （PG）. Based on the tertiles of the non-fasting TyG index values， the individuals were split into three groups （corresponding to non-fasting TyG index of 8.89 and 9.21， respectively）. The baseline clinical characteristics， lipid levels and the occurrence of developing hyperglycemia in pregnancy were compared among the three groups. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA， Kruskal-Wallis H test， Chi-square test， or Fisher exact test and the relationship between the non-fasting TyG index and hyperglycemia in pregnancy were examined using multivariate logistic regression models and curve fitting. ResultsA total of 774 Tibetan singleton pregnant women were included， with a average age of 27.3 ± 6.1 years， a pre-delivery body mass index （Pre-BMI） of （25.2±2.3）kg/m² ， a proportion of 26.7% （207/774） primigravid women， the mean non-fasting TyG index was 9.1 ± 0.4。Thirty pregnant women were diagnosed with hyperglycemia in pregnancy， with a detection rate of 3.9% （30/774）. Statistically significant differences in serum total cholesterol （TC）， TG， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） levels were identified when comparing different non-fasting TyG groups （all P values <0.05）. Subsequent trend test analysis indicated that the levels of TC， TG， LDL-C， and PG gradually increased with elevated the non-fasting TyG index （ F_{trend TC}=95.61， P<0.001； F_{trend TG}=1 051.91， P<0.001； F_{trend LDL-C} = 97.20， P < 0.001； F_{trend TG}=195.20； P<0.001）. After adjustment for maternal age， pre-delivery BMI， altitude， TC， LDL-C， and HDL-C， multivariate Logistic regression models revealed independent positive associations between non-fasting TyG index and hyperglycemia in pregnancy （Model 1： OR=2.72， 95% CI： 1.13-6.53， P=0.026； Model 2： OR=2.56， 95% CI： 1.01-6.50， P=0.048； Model 3： OR=2.72， 95% CI： 1.06-6.97， P=0.037； Model 4： OR=4.02， 95% CI： 1.42-11.40， P=0.009） and the incident of hyperglycemia in pregnancy showed an increasing tendency as increasing with the non-fasting TyG index， however， this association did not statistical significance （P _trend >0.05）. Curve fitting by restricted cubic splines （RCS） were used to assess linearity between non-fasting TyG and hyperglycemia in pregnancy， and there was a linear dose-response relationship between non-fasting TyG and hyperglycemia in pregnancy （P _{for non-linear} = 0.515）. ConclusionNon-fasting TyG index in the third trimester is a risk factor for hyperglycemia in pregnancy among the Tibetan singleton pregnant women at high altitudes and there was a possible linear dose-response relationship between the non-fasting TyG index and hyperglycemia in pregnancy.

Objective:To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of Shenyan 1 Prescription on renal fibrosis of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats through TGF- β 1/Smad homologous 3 (Smad3) pathway regulating ferroptosis.Methods:Totally 48 male SD rats were divided into four groups: sham-operation group, UUO model group, and Shenyan 1 Prescription low-(10 drug/kg) , and high-dosage (20 crude drug/kg) groups according to random number table method, with 12 rats in each group. The UUO model was induced by the method of unilateral ureteral obstruction except for those sham-operation group. After modeling, rats received corresponding drugs or normal saline by gavage for 4 weeks, once per day. After 4 weeks, the body mass and the left kidney weight were measured. The 24 h urine protein and the levels of serum albumin (ALB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were detected by biochemical analysis method; the ROS level in renal tissue was measured using a chemical fluorescence assay kit, and the SOD and MDA levels in left renal tissue of rats were measured using ELISA method; the morphology of renal tissue and the specific blue staining of hemosiderin were observed using HE and Prussian blue staining methods, respectively; the expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad3, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and solute carrier family 1 member 5 (SLC1A5) were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the model group, the 24 h urinary protein excretion in Shenyan 1 Prescription high-dosage group decreased ( P<0.05), the serum ALB level increased ( P<0.05), the ALT level decreased ( P<0.05), and the expression of SLC1A5 in renal tissue decreased ( P<0.05); the left kidney weight/body decreased in Shenyan 1 Prescription low- and high-dosage groups ( P<0.05); the levels of serum ROS and MDA decreased ( P<0.05), and the activity of SOD significantly increased ( P<0.05); the expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in renal tissue decreased ( P<0.05), and the expression of GPX4 increased ( P<0.05), and the renal pathological injury and ion deposition were improved. Conclusion:Shenyan 1 Prescription has a protective effect on the structure and function of renal tissues in UUO rats through regulating ferroptosis via inhibition of the TGF-β1/ Smad3 pathway to inhibit renal fibrosis of UUO rats.

BACKGROUND:Autophagy has become a rapidly developing research hotspot in the biomedical fields.Many researchers are actively exploring the molecular regulatory mechanism of autophagy in a variety of diseases.However,the role of autophagy in hair growth is still unknown. OBJECTIVE:To review the current research progress and application value of autophagy in hair growth and regeneration,to understand the role of autophagy in hair growth,to explore the pathogenesis of autophagy in pathological hair loss,and to provide new ideas for the study of drugs for hair loss. METHODS:Using"hair follicle growth,hair growth,hair regeneration,autophagy associated proteins,autophagy activity,autophagy associated genes,autophagy"as Chinese search terms and"hair growth,hair follicle,hair regeneration,autophagy"as English search terms,PubMed and CNKI databases were searched.The research progress on autophagy,hair growth and the role of autophagy in hair growth in and outside China in recent years was reviewed and summarized.Articles incompatible with the subject content of the paper were excluded.Finally,78 articles were included for the result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Autophagy is a normal metabolic process in eukaryotes with complex molecular mechanisms and functional properties,which is beneficial to cell survival and cell death.(2)Alopecia-related diseases are associated with changes in autophagy activity,which can regulate hair growth cycle.Knockout or overexpression of autophagy-related genes can change the state of hair growth.Multiple autophagy related signaling pathways have been found to be related to hair follicle growth.Activators or inhibitors of autophagy can be used to treat or prevent hair loss.

Decoction is the most commonly used dosage form in the clinical treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). During boiling, the violent movement of various active ingredients in TCM creates molecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic interactions, which results in the formation of self-assembled aggregates in decoction (SADs), including particles, gels, fibers, etc. It was found that SADs widely existed in decoction with biological activities superior to both effective monomers and their physical mixtures, providing a new idea to reveal the pharmacodynamic material basis of Chinese herbal medicine from the perspective of component interactions-phase structure. Recently, SADs have become a novel focus of research in TCM. This paper reviewed their relevant studies in recent years and found some issues to be concerned in the research, such as the polydispersity of decoction system, instability of active ingredient interactions during boiling, uncertainty of the aggregates self-assembly rules, and stability, purity, yield of the products. In this regard, some solutions and new ideas were presented for the integrated development and clinical application of SADs.

Objective:To analyze immune reconstitution and influencing factors in HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) with access to antiviral therapy (ART) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi) during 2005-2021.Methods:The data were collected from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The study subjects were HIV infected MSM with access to the initial ART for ≥24 weeks in Guangxi from 2005 to 2021 and HIV RNA lower than the detection limit within 24 months. The proportion of infected MSM who had immune reconstitution after ART was calculated. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of immune reconstitution. Software SPSS 24.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 3 200 HIV infected MSM were enrolled, in whom 15.56 % (498/3 200) had no immune reconstitution, 14.78% (473/3 200) had moderate immune reconstitution, and the rate of complete immune reconstitution was 69.66% (2 229/3 200). The M ( Q1, Q3) of ART time for immune reconstitution was 12 (5, 27) months. Multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model analysis results showed that compared with those with initial ART at age ≥30 years, WHO clinical stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ illness, baseline BMI <18.50 kg/m 2 and baseline CD4 +T lymphocyte (CD4) counts <200 cells/μl, HIV infected MSM with initial ART at age <30 years, WHO clinical stageⅠ/Ⅱ illness, baseline BMI≥24.00 kg/m 2 and baseline CD4 counts ≥200 cells/μl were more likely to have complete immune reconstitution. Conclusions:In the HIV infected MSM in Guangxi, failures to achieve moderate and complete immune reconstitution were observed. Surveillance and ART regimen should be improved for key populations, such as those with older age and low baseline CD4 counts.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment （CRCI） of breast cancer based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging （rs-fMRI）. MethodTwenty-five patients with CRCI of breast cancer were included and treated with the acupuncture based on the method of regulating qi and blood， nourishing mind and benefiting intelligence； the selected acupoints included Zusanli （ST 36， bilateral）， Xuehai （SP 10， bilateral）， Tanzhong （CV 17）， Zhongwan （CV 12）， Qihai （CV 6）， Baihui （GV 20）， Fengfu （GV 16， bilateral）， Xinshu （BL 15， bilateral）， Tongli （HT 5， bilateral）， Zhaohai （KI 6， bilateral）， Yixi （BL 45， bilateral） twice a week， each time interval of 2-3 days， for 8 weeks. The scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA）， Mini-mental State Examination （MMSE）， European Cancer Research and Treatment Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire （EORTC QLQ-C30） were compared before and after acupuncture， and the effectiveness were evaluated by MoCA scale. The patients received rs-fMRI before and after treatment， and used low-frequency oscillation amplitude and functional connectivity （FC） analysis to extract the mean zALFF values of regions of interest such as bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus， bilateral hippocampus， bilateral amygdala， bilateral temporal pole middle temporal gyrus， and bilateral temporal pole supramarginal gyrus for comparison， and used the brain regions with statistically significant differences in the pre- and post-treatment zALFF values as the seed points for the seed-point-based FC Analysis. Correlation analyses were performed between the imaging metrics and the clinical scales. ResultsTwenty-four patients with CRCI of breast cancer completed treatment and follow-up. The zALFF values of the left hippocampus， left amygdala， and left temporal pole temporal gyrus in patients' rs-fMRI decreased after treatment （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and left temporal pole temporal gyrus and right posterior cerebellar lobe FC were elevated （t = -5.169）， and MoCA scale total scores and visuospatial and executive， naming， and delayed recall cognitive scores， MMSE scale total scores， and EORTC QLQ-C30 scale mood scores were significantly higher （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The total effective rate of MoCA was 58.33%. The difference in zALFF values of the left temporal pole middle temporal gyrus before and after treatment was negatively correlated with the MoCA total score （r= -0.499， P = 0.015）， as well as the difference in abstract function （r = -0.498， P = 0.016）. ConclusionThe acupuncture method of regulating qi and blood， nourishing mind and benefiting intelligence can improve the cognitive function of breast cancer patients with CRCI， and its mechanism may be related to improving the functional activities of hippocampus， amygdala and temporal lobe， as well as the functional connections of left temporal pole-temporal middle gyrus and right posterior cerebellar lobe.