Bevacizumab is increasingly used in recurrent, persistent or metastatic cervical cancer. The early retrospective case reports found that bevacizumab combined with 5-FU (including capecitabine) or paclitaxel was well tolerated and displayed encouraging anti-tumor activity in recurrent or persistent cervical cancer. Phase Ⅱ clinical trials showed that bevacizumab was well tolerated and active in the second- and third-line treatment of patients with recurrent cervical cancer. Large scale phase Ⅱ and phase Ⅲ clinical trials demonstrated that bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy was effective in the first- and second-line treatment of patients with persistent cervical cancer, prolonged survival time and improved remission rate. The article also reviews the research progress on predictive factors of bevacizumab efficacy, showing the use of imaging and biomarkers in predicting the efficacy of bevacizumab treatment. In addition, this article analyzes the cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab, finding that bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy meets the standard of cost-effectiveness.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Bevacizumab ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; drug therapy ; Paclitaxel ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; economics ; mortality

Three patients of pseudomyxoma peritonei who were diagnozed by transumbilical endoscopic surgery (TUES) were reviewed retrospectively from September 2014 to November 2014. Three cases of ascites patients underwent TUES were diagnozed as pseudomyxoma peritonei. All operations were successful. No open surgery or laparoscopic surgery was required. The mean operative time was (45±16) min; the mean intraoperative blood loss was 510 mL; the mean hospital stay time was 3 days. During the follow up of 911 months, no obvious scar was observed. Cosmetic results appear to be excellent. All patients were treated with intraperitoneal hyperthermia and chemotherapy. The survival rate was 100%. As a novel scarless endoscopic invasive abdominal surgery, TUES has high clinical value with the advantages such as small trauma, no scars, small risk and low cost in the diagnosis of unexplained ascites.
Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Ascites ; etiology ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Cicatrix ; prevention & control ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Laparoscopy ; adverse effects ; economics ; methods ; Length of Stay ; Operative Time ; Peritoneal Neoplasms ; Pseudomyxoma Peritonei ; diagnosis ; mortality ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of nodal staging surgery before chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced cervical cancer in the era of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). METHODS: A modified Markov model was constructed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of para-aortic staging surgery before definite CRT when no uptake is recorded in the para-aortic lymph nodes (PALN) on PET/CT. Survival and complication rates were estimated based on the published literature. Cost data were obtained from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Strategies were compared using an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Sensitivity analyses were performed, including estimates for the performance of PET/CT, postoperative complication rate, and varying survival rates according to the radiation field. RESULTS: We compared two strategies: strategy 1, pelvic CRT for all patients; and strategy 2, nodal staging surgery followed by extended-field CRT when PALN metastasis was found and pelvic CRT otherwise. The ICER for strategy 2 compared to strategy 1 was $19,505 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Under deterministic sensitivity analyses, the model was relatively sensitive to survival reduction in patients who undergo pelvic CRT alone despite having occult PALN metastasis. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of the case results, with a 91% probability of cost-effectiveness at the willingness-to-pay thresholds of $60,000/QALY. CONCLUSION: Nodal staging surgery before definite CRT may be cost-effective when PET/CT imaging shows no evidence of PALN metastasis. Prospective trials are warranted to transfer these results to guidelines.
Chemoradiotherapy/*economics ; Combined Modality Therapy/economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy/economics ; Lymph Node Excision/*economics/methods ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Markov Chains ; Multimodal Imaging/economics ; Neoplasm Staging ; Positron-Emission Tomography/economics ; Quality of Life ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/economics ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*economics/therapy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The Korean government has expanded the coverage of the national insurance scheme for four major diseases: cancers, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and rare diseases. This policy may have a detrimental effect on the budget of the national health insurance agency. Like taxes, national insurance premiums are levied on the basis of the income or wealth of the insured. METHODS: Using a preference elicitation method, we attempted to estimate how much people are willing to pay for insurance premiums that would expand their coverage for liver cancer treatment. RESULTS: We calculated the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) through the marginal rate of substitution between the two attributes of the insurance premium and the total annual treatment cost by adopting conditional logit and mixed logit models. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of various other terms that could interact with socioeconomic status were also estimated, such as gender, income level, educational attainment, age, employment status, and marital status. The estimated MWTP values of the monthly insurance premium for liver cancer treatment range from 4,130 KRW to 9,090 KRW.
Age Factors ; Aged ; Employment ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis/*economics/mortality/*therapy ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Patient Preference ; Republic of Korea ; Sex Factors ; Social Class ; Survival Rate

Early Detection of Cancer ; adverse effects ; economics ; methods ; utilization ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; adverse effects ; economics ; methods ; utilization ; Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; economics ; therapy ; Singapore ; Unnecessary Procedures ; adverse effects ; economics ; methods ; utilization

Risk monitoring of new Chinese patent anti-hepatoma drugs is tracking recognized risks and residual risks, identifying emerging risk and ensure the implementation of the plan, estimating the process of reducing effectiveness. The paper is mainly through understanding the status of Chinese patent anti-hepatoma drugs, the content, characteristic and analysis method of dynamic risk monitoring, and then select the risk control indicators, collect risk information. Finally, puts forward the thought of anti-hepatoma drugs listed evaluation in our country, and try to establish the model of dynamic risk management of anti-hepatoma drugs.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; adverse effects ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; Drug Discovery ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; organization & administration ; Drug and Narcotic Control ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; organization & administration ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing

The number of cancer survivors is increasing dramatically. Many cancer survivors face lifetime risks associated with their cancer therapy, with a significant proportion at risk for serious morbidity and premature mortality. Concerns regarding the long-term physical, psychosocial, and economic effects of cancer treatment on cancer survivors and their families are increasingly being recognized and addressed by public and private sector. This article summarizes economic burden of cancer survivors, main post-treatment health problems including secondary primary cancer and comorbidities, health behaviors such as smoking, exercise and physical activity, nutrition, and psychosocial problems. Faced with various health and psychosocial problems specific to this population, several healthcare and policy models are being suggested to address these issues, including 'shared care model' and 'integrative supportive care service delivery system for cancer survivors'. More effort is needed to make the cancer survivorship agenda a reality, attended by a wide variety of stakeholders including researchers, patients, providers, and policy makers.
Delivery of Health Care ; Health Behavior ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Neoplasms/economics/pathology/*therapy ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/epidemiology/mortality/pathology ; *Public Health ; Republic of Korea

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the standard treatment cost of female breast cancer at different tumor node metastasis (TNM) stages.

METHODSExtracting previous data, calculating by clinical pathway, face-to-face interviewing, and telephone interviewing were adopted to estimate the treatment cost of female breast cancer. The cost was consisted of direct medical expenditure, direct non-medical expenditure, and indirect expenditure.

RESULTSThe direct medical expenditure was extracted from medical record and expense statement of 316 breast cancer cases in Sichuan Cancer Hospital. The direct non-medical expenditure was investigated from 211 patients and their relatives. The indirect expenditure was surveyed from 181 cases who received surgery more than one year ago. The average treatment cost of female breast cancer was ¥160 457 ($23 702), which was adjusted by the proportions of ER, PR, and menses status, and the willingness of patients. The treatment cost (including the outpatient cost for 5 years after surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) of TNM 0 stage, TNM I stage, TNM II stage, TNM III stage, and TNM IV stage were ¥37 941, ¥122 622, ¥159 594, ¥215 014, and ¥214 229, respectively. The patients with early stage breast cancer payed considerably lower treatment cost than those at advanced stage.

CONCLUSIONEarly detection and treatment of breast cancer may have a real economic significance for reducing the burden of disease.

Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; economics ; pathology ; therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; economics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Female ; Health Care Costs ; Hospitalization ; economics ; Humans ; Mastectomy ; economics ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; economics ; Surveys and Questionnaires

In 2005, a program named "Early Detection and Early Treatment of Esophageal and Cardiac Cancer" (EDETEC) was initiated in China. A total of 8279 residents aged 40-69 years old were recruited into the EDETEC program in Linzhou of Henan Province between 2005 and 2008. Howerer, the cost-benefit of the EDETEC program is not very clear yet. We conducted herein a cost-benefit analysis of screening for esophageal and cardiac cancer. The assessed costs of the EDETEC program included screening costs for each subject, as well as direct and indirect treatment costs for esophageal and cardiac severe dysplasia and cancer detected by screening. The assessed benefits of this program included the saved treatment costs, both direct and indirect, on esophageal and cardiac cancer, as well as the value of prolonged life due to screening, as determined by the human capital approach. The results showed the screening cost of finding esophageal and cardiac severe dysplasia or cancer ranged from RMB 2707 to RMB 4512, and the total cost on screening and treatment was RMB 13 115-14 920. The cost benefit was RMB 58 944-155 110 (the saved treatment cost, RMB 17 730, plus the value of prolonged life, RMB 41 214-137 380). The ratio of benefit-to-cost (BCR) was 3.95-11.83. Our results suggest that EDETEC has a high benefit-to-cost ratio in China and could be instituted into high risk areas of China.
Adult ; Aged ; Cardia ; pathology ; China ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Early Detection of Cancer ; economics ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; economics ; therapy ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; economics ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; economics ; therapy

Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Endometriosis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; economics ; therapy ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Uterine Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy