Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Consensus ; Neonatology

There are many high-risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia, and persistent severe hypoglycemia can lead to irreversible neurological damage and bring a great burden to family and society. Early standardized prevention and clinical management can effectively reduce the incidence rate of neonatal hypoglycemia and brain injury induced by hypoglycemia; however at present, there is still a lack of unified clinical management guidelines for neonatal hypoglycemia in China, and different medical institutions follow different clinical guidelines developed by other countries for the management of neonatal hypoglycemia. In order to further standardize the clinical management of neonatal hypoglycemia, this consensus is developed by the Group of Neonatology, Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association. This consensus provides 21 recommendations to address related clinical issues in the prevention, monitoring, and management of hypoglycemia in neonates with a gestational age of ≥35 weeks.
Child ; Consensus ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia/prevention & control* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; Neonatology ; Risk Factors

Neonatal electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring guidelines have been published by American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, and the expert consensus on neonatal amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) has also been published in China. It is difficult to strictly follow the guidelines or consensus for EEG monitoring in different levels of neonatal units due to a lack of EEG monitoring equipment and professional interpreters. The Subspecialty Group of Neonatology, Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association, established an expert group composed of professionals in neonatology, pediatric neurology, and brain electrophysiology to review published guidelines and consensuses and the articles in related fields and propose grading management recommendations for EEG monitoring in different levels of neonatal units. Based on the characteristics of video EEG and aEEG, local medical resources, and disease features, the expert group recommends that video EEG and aEEG can complement each other and can be used in different levels of neonatal units. The consensus also gives recommendations for promoting collaboration between professionals in neonatology, pediatric neurology, and brain electrophysiology and implementing remote EEG monitoring.
Child ; Consensus ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Neonatology ; Seizures

Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Neonatology

There is a widespread shortage of physicians worldwide, especially in rural areas. This shortage is more prevalent when it comes to subspecialty care, even in developed countries. One way to provide access to specialty care is using technology via telemedicine. Telemedicine has evolved over the last two decades, and its use is becoming widespread in developed countries. However, its use in the neonatal population is still limited and practiced only in some centers. It is now apparent that telemedicine can be successfully used in the neonatal population for screening premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity, congenital heart disease, bedside clinical rounds, neonatal resuscitation with the support of a tertiary care hospital, and family support. This avoids unnecessary transfer and appears to provide the same quality of care that the baby would have received at the tertiary care facility. This approach also improves family satisfaction, as the baby and the mother are kept together, and reduces the cost of care. This review focuses on the use of telemedicine in neonatal care, concentrating on the main areas where telemedicine has been shown to be successful and effective, including the status of telemedicine in China.
China ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Mass Screening ; Neonatology ; Telemedicine

OBJECTIVE: To perform a review and data analysis of the pediatric projects funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2009 to 2018, and to investigate the changes in key support areas, research interest, and research hotspots in pediatrics. METHODS: The database of National Natural Science Foundation of China was searched to screen out pediatric research projects in 2009-2018, and the changes in funding intensity and research direction were analyzed. RESULTS: From 2009 to 2018, a total of 1 017 pediatric projects were funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China, with 485 (47.69%) General Projects, 426 (41.89%) Youth Fund Projects, 73 (7.18%) Regional Research Programs, 16 (1.57%) Key Programs, 6 (0.59%) Outstanding Youth Fund Projects, 7 (0.69%) Overseas Programs, and 4 (0.39%) other programs. There was a seven-fold increase in the total amount of subsidies, which increased from 8.42 million yuan in 2009 to 66.25 million yuan in 2018. The projects with the Primary Discipline Code of reproductive system/perinatology/neonatology, nervous system and mental illness, or circulatory system received the highest amount of fund. CONCLUSIONS The support of pediatric projects by National Natural Science Foundation of China continues to increase in the past ten years, and the main types of projects are General Projects and Youth Fund Projects. Neonatology, nervous system/mental illness, and circulatory diseases are the main directions of funded projects.
Adolescent ; Child ; China ; Financial Management ; Foundations ; Humans ; Natural Science Disciplines ; Neonatology

PURPOSE: To determine the diagnostic value of eosinopenia and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the diagnosis of early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Neonatology Ward of R.D. Kandou General Hospital Manado between July and October 2017. Samples were obtained from all neonates meeting the inclusion criteria for EONS. Data were encoded using logistic regression analysis, the point-biserial correlation coefficient, chi-square test, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, with a P value <0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: Of 120 neonates who met the inclusion criteria, 73 (60.8%) were males and 47 (39.2%) were females. Ninety (75%) were included in the sepsis group and 30 (25%) in the nonsepsis group. The mean eosinophil count in EONS and non-EONS groups was 169.8±197.1 cells/mm³ and 405.7±288.9 cells/mm³, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The diagnostic value of eosinopenia in the EONS group (cutoff point: 140 cells/mm³) showed 60.0% sensitivity and 90.0% specificity. The mean NLR in EONS and non-EONS groups was 2.82±2.29 and 0.82±0.32, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The diagnostic value of NLR in the EONS group (cutoff point, 1.24) showed 83.3% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity. CONCLUSION: Eosinopenia has high specificity as a diagnostic marker for EONS and an increased NLR has high sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic marker for EONS.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Neonatology ; Neutrophils ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sepsis

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a disease that is unique to newborn infants. It is caused by a deficiency of pulmonary surfactant (PS), which is usually ready to be activated around the perinatal period. Until RDS was more clearly understood, it was not known why premature infants died from respiratory failure, although pathology revealed hyaline membranes in the alveoli. Surprisingly, the era of PS replacement therapy began only relatively recently. The first clinical trial investigating neonatal RDS was conducted in 1980. Since then, newborn survival has improved dramatically, which has led to significant advances in the field of neonatology. The present comprehensive review addresses PS, from its discovery to the application of artificial PS in newborns with RDS. It also reviews the history of PS in Korea, including its introduction, various commercial products, present and past research, newborn registries, and health insurance issues. Finally, it describes the inception of the Korean Society of Neonatology and future directions of research and treatment.
History of Medicine ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Insurance, Health ; Korea ; Membranes ; Neonatology ; Pathology ; Pulmonary Surfactants ; Registries ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; Respiratory Insufficiency

Real world study (RWS) has attracted more and more attention of neonatologists since it involves less clinical intervention and is closer to actual clinical conditions. Generally speaking, RWS means to select treatment measures based on the internal efficacy and safety verified by randomized controlled trials (RCTs), more representative samples, and patients' actual conditions and their guardians' will and conduct follow-up evaluation of short- and long-term outcomes, in order to further evaluate the external efficacy and safety of interventional measures. Most guidelines for clinical practice are based on RCTs and lack the support of real world data. Strengthening of neonatal RWS helps to make these guidelines more practical and thus promotes the development of neonatal medicine.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatology ; Noninvasive Ventilation ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Pragmatic Clinical Trials as Topic ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; methods

PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the respiratory illness-related hospital visits (out-patient clinics, emergency room, and re-admission) of preterm infants, and compare them according to corrected age and prematurity. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of preterm infants born at < 37 weeks of gestation admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Inha University Hospital between January 2012 and June 2015. Infant follow-up appointments in both neonatology and pulmonology out-patient clinics occurred for at least 2 years after NICU discharge. RESULTS: The proportion of infants who visited the hospital due to any respiratory illness was as high as 50% until 12 months of corrected age, and subsequently decreased over time. Hospital admission was significantly higher in early preterm infants ( < 34 weeks of gestation) compared to late preterm infants (≥34 and < 37 weeks of gestation). The proportion of infants who were re-admitted due to lower respiratory tract illness was significantly higher until 6 months of corrected age compared to the later, and did not differ between early and late preterm infants. CONCLUSION: The proportion of hospital visits of preterm infants due to respiratory disease was high until 12 months of corrected age. Most notably, the re-admission proportion from lower respiratory tract illness was high under 6 months in both early and late preterm infants. Preterm infants within this age that are visiting the hospital with respiratory symptoms should be carefully observed and followed up.
Appointments and Schedules ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Medical Records ; Neonatology ; Outpatients ; Patient Readmission ; Pregnancy ; Pulmonary Medicine ; Respiratory System ; Respiratory Tract Diseases