Adolescent ; Ciliary Body ; pathology ; surgery ; Cysts ; surgery ; Glare ; Humans ; Male ; Neodymium ; chemistry ; Yttrium ; chemistry

Foreign body ingestions pose a significant health risk in children. Neodymium magnets are high-powered, rare-earth magnets that is a serious issue in the pediatric population due to their strong magnetic force and high rate of complications. When multiple magnets are ingested, there is potential for morbidity and mortality, including gastrointestinal fistula formation, obstruction, bleeding, perforation, and death. Many cases require surgical intervention for removal of the magnets and management of subsequent complications. However, we report a case of multiple magnet ingestion in a 19-month-old child complicated by gastroduodenal fistula that was successfully treated by endoscopic removal and supportive care avoiding the need for surgical intervention. At two-week follow-up, the child was asymptomatic and upper gastrointestinal series obtained six months later demonstrated resolution of the fistula.
Child ; Eating ; Endoscopy ; Fistula* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foreign Bodies ; Gastric Fistula ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant ; Intestinal Fistula ; Mortality ; Neodymium*

We investigated whether Nd2O3 treatment results in cytotoxicity and other underlying effects in rat NR8383 alveolar macrophages. Cell viability assessed by the MTT assay revealed that Nd2O3 was toxic in a dose-dependent manner, but not in a time-dependent manner. An ELISA analysis indicated that exposure to Nd2O3 caused cell damage and enhanced synthesis and release of inflammatory chemokines. A Western blot analysis showed that protein expression levels of caspase-3, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and its inhibitor IκB increased significantly in response to Nd2O3 treatment. Both NF-κB and caspase-3 signaling were activated, suggesting that both pathways are involved in Nd2O3 cytotoxicity.
Animals ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; drug effects ; enzymology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Neodymium ; toxicity ; Oxides ; toxicity ; Rats ; Toxicity Tests

Punctate leukoderma presents as numerous, distinct, round or oval depigmented spots. Recently, laser therapy-induced punctate leukoderma associated with various Q-switched laser and carbon dioxide laser have been reported. A 25-year-old man presented with numerous, discrete, round, confetti-like, depigmented macules on his left neck. He had undergone 3 sessions of 532-nm Q-switched Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet laser treatment for café-au-lait macules three years ago. After the last laser treatment session, the punctate leukoderma had been developed. We started treatment with the 308-nm excimer laser twice a week. After 7 months of treatment duration, complete repigmentation was achieved without serious adverse effects. We recommend the 308-nm excimer laser as an effective treatment modality for laser therapy-induced punctate leukoderma.
Adult ; Humans ; Hypopigmentation ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Lasers, Gas ; Neck ; Neodymium ; Vitiligo

No abstract available.
Neodymium* ; Onychomycosis* ; Pilot Projects*

This review discusses an underestimated risk of rare-earthmagnet (henceforth, magnet) ingestion in children and its surgical indication. Due to the ubiquity of magnets, the incidence of magnet ingestion has rapidly increased. While most foreign body ingestions show spontaneous passage, multiple magnet ingestion requires surgery in 30%-70% of the cases. Multiple magnets can attract each other across the bowel wall, leading to pressure necrosis, and subsequently, fistula, perforation, obstruction or volvulus. After recognizing magnet ingestion, the number of magnets should be checked using radiographs. In case of multiple magnet ingestion, surgery should be promptly considered.
Child* ; Eating* ; Fistula ; Foreign Bodies ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intestinal Volvulus ; Necrosis ; Neodymium

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment with different powers of Nd: YAG laser irradiation on root surfaces and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) adhesion.

METHODSExtracted teeth because of severe periodontal disease were divided into the following four groups: control group, laser group 1, laser group 2, and laser group 3. After scaling and root planning, laser group 1, laser group 2, and laser group 3 were separately treated with Nd: YAG laser irradiation (4/6/8 W, 60 s); however, the control group did not receive the treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the morphology. S. mutans were cultured with root slices from each group. Colony forming unit per mL (CFU·mL⁻¹) was used to count and compare the amounts of bacteria adhesion among groups. SEM was used to observe the difference of bacteria adhesion to root surfaces between control group (scaling) and laser group 2 (6 W, 60 s), thereby indicating the different bacteria adhesions because of different treatments.

RESULTSMorphology alterations indicated that root surfaces in control group contain obvious smear layer, debris, and biofilm; whereas the root surfaces in laser group contain more cracks with less smear layer and debris. The bacteria counting indicated that S. mutans adhesion to laser group was weaker than that of control group (P<0.05). No statistical significance among the laser groups (P>0.05) was observed. Morphology alterations also verified that S. mutans adhesion to laser group 2 (6 W, 60 s) was weaker than that of control group (scaling).

CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrated that Nd: YAG laser irradiation treatment after scaling can reduce smear layer, debris, and biofilm on the root surfaces as compared with conventional scaling. The laser treatment reduces the adhesion of S. mutans as well. However, Nd: YAG laser irradiation can cause cracks on the root surfaces. In this experiment, the optimum laser power of 6 W can thoroughly remove the smear layer and debris, as well as relatively improve the control of thermal damagee.

BACKGROUND: Rosacea treatments including oral/topical medications and laser therapy are numerous but unsatisfactory. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of the dual wavelength long-pulsed 755-nm alexandrite/1,064-nm neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser (LPAN) with that of 585-nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) for rosacea. METHODS: This was a randomized, single-blinded, comparative study. Full face received four consecutive monthly treatments with LPAN or PDL, followed-up for 6 months after the last treatment. Erythema index was measured by spectrophotometer, and digital photographs were evaluated by consultant dermatologists for physician's global assessment. Subjective satisfaction surveys and adverse effects were recorded. RESULTS: Forty-nine subjects with rosacea enrolled and 12 dropped out. There were no significant differences between LPAN and PDL in the mean reduction of the erythema index (p=0.812; 3.6% vs. 2.8%), improvement of physician's global assessment (p=1.000; 88.9% vs. 89.5%), and subject-rated treatment satisfaction (p=0.842; 77.8% vs. 84.2%). PDL showed more adverse effects including vesicles than LPAN (p=0.046; 26.3% vs. 0.0%). No other serious or permanent adverse events were observed in both treatments. CONCLUSION: Both LPAN and PDL may be effective and safe treatments for rosacea.
Consultants ; Erythema ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Dye* ; Neodymium ; Prospective Studies* ; Rosacea*

PURPOSE: Although magnetic attachment is used frequently for overdenture, it is reported that attractive force can be decreased by abrasion and corrosion. The purpose of this study was to establish the clinical basis about considerations and long term prognosis of overdenture using magnetic attachments by investigating the change in attractive force of magnetic attachment applied to the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the patients treated with overdenture using magnetic attachments in Dankook University Dental Hospital, attractive force records of 61 magnetic attachments of 20 subjects who re-visited from July 2013 to June 2014 were analyzed. Dental magnet tester (Aichi Micro Intelligent Co., Aichi, Japan) was used for measurement. The magnetic attachments used in this study were Magfit IP-B Flat, Magfit DX400, Magfit DX600 and Magfit DX800 (Aichi Steel Co., Aichi, Japan) filled with Neodymium (NdFeB), a rare-earth magnet. RESULTS: Reduction ratio of attractive force had no significant correlation with conditional variables to which attachments were applied, and was higher when the maintenance period was longer (P<.05, r=.361). Reduction ratio of attractive force was significantly higher in the subject group in which attachments were used over 9 years than within 9 years (P<.05). Furthermore, 16.39% of total magnetic attachments showed detachment of keeper or assembly. CONCLUSION: Attractive force of magnetic attachment is maintained regardless of conditional variables and reduction ratio increased as the maintenance period became longer. Further study on adhesive material, attachment method and design improvement to prevent detachment of magnetic attachment is needed.
Adhesives ; Corrosion ; Denture, Overlay* ; Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic ; Humans ; Neodymium ; Prognosis ; Steel

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term follow-up of adverse effects after neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garne (Nd:YAG) laser treatment for posterior capsular opacification (PCO). METHODS: In this study, 152 patients (184 eyes) diagnosed with PCO and who received Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy with at least 5 years of follow-up were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the clinical adverse consequences after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. RESULTS: The mean age in the study group was 63.2 +/- 4.2 years and the mean follow-up period was 6.2 +/- 0.6 years. Vitreous floaters (8.1%) were the most common complication followed by reactive anterior uveitis (5.9%) and transient increase in intraocular pressure of more than 30 mm Hg (5.4%). Other complications included primary Nd:YAG laser failure (2.7%), recurrent lens epithelial remnant proliferation (1.6%), cystoid macular edema (1.1%), corneal edema (0.5%), retinal tear (0.5%), and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (0.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Although Nd:YAG laser treatment is the most effective and safe method, surgeons should be aware of the occasional complications such as recurrent lens epithelial remnant proliferation, retinal tear, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment through long-term follow-up.
Corneal Edema ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Macular Edema ; Neodymium ; Posterior Capsulotomy ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Retrospective Studies ; Uveitis, Anterior