Acute Disease ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use* ; Bacteremia/microbiology* ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications* ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications* ; Humans ; Hypersplenism/complications* ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications* ; Meningococcal Infections/microbiology* ; Neisseria meningitidis/isolation & purification* ; Peritonitis/microbiology*

Objective To analyze the infection status of human papilloma virus (HPV),Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU),Chlamydia trachomatis (CT),and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) in clinical patients.Methods The laboratory specimens including urine,urethral swabs,and cervical swabs from 870 patients from January 1st 2014 to December 31st 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. HPV-DNA was detected by multiplex fluorescent PCR,and the UU-RNA,CT-RNA,and NG-RNA were determined by isothermal nucleic acid amplification. The positive rate of each pathogen and the distribution of positive rate between male and female patients were calculated. The samples were further divided into HPV-positive group and HPV-negative group,and the positive rates of UU-RNA,CT-RNA,and NG-RNA in these two groups were compared.Results The highest positive rate was 53.68%(467/870) for UU-RNA,followed by HPV-DNA [32.41%(282/870) ]and NG-RNA [2.18%(19/870)]. The total positive rate of high-risk (HR)-HPV(subtypes:16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,and 68) [31.52%(209/663)]and UU in female patients [60.93%(404/663)] was significantly higher than that in male patients [17.39%(36/207),30.34%(63/207)](both P<0.001). The male patients had significantly higher CT positive rate in HR-HPV-positive group than in HR-HPV-negative group [22.58%(7/31) vs. 4.54%(8/176)](P<0.001). The female patients had significantly higher CT positive rate in HR-HPV-positive group than in HR-HPV-negative group [10.5%(21/200) vs. 5.61%(26/463)](P=0.024). The UU-RNA positive rate of females in the low-risk (LR)-HPV (subtypes:6 and 11) positive group was significantly higher than that in LR-HPV negative group [70.83%(34/48) vs.2.11%(13/615)](P<0.001).Conclusions Women are more susceptible to HR-HPV and UU infections. HR-HPV-positive patients are more likely to experience CT infection. In contrast,co-infection with UU is more common in LR-HPV-positive females.
Chlamydia Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Gonorrhea ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; isolation & purification ; Papillomaviridae ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Ureaplasma Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; isolation & purification

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Ceftriaxone/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis/metabolism ; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests ; *Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Neisseria meningitidis/drug effects/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sepsis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The detection of high-level tetracycline-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (TRNG) can make important epidemiological contributions that are relevant to controlling infections from this pathogen. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence of TRNG isolates over time and also to investigate the characteristics and genetic epidemiology of these TRNG isolates in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 601 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae from 2004 to 2011 were tested by standard Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methods. To determine the molecular epidemiological relatedness, N. gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing was performed. RESULTS: The incidence of TRNG increased from 2% in 2004 to 21% in 2011. The minimum inhibitory concentration distributions of ceftriaxone and susceptibility of ciprofloxacin in TRNG were different from non-TRNG and varied according to the year of isolation. Most of the TRNG isolates collected from 2004 to 2007 exhibited genetic relatedness, with sequence type (ST) 1798 being the most common. From 2008 to 2011, the STs of the isolates became more variable and introduction of genetically unrelated TRNG were noted. CONCLUSION: The increased incidence of TRNG strains until 2007 appears to be due, at least in part, to clonal spread. However, we propose that the emergence of various STs since 2008 could be associated with foreign import.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Ceftriaxone/pharmacology ; Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/*genetics ; Gonorrhea/drug therapy/epidemiology/microbiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae/*drug effects/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tetracycline/pharmacology ; Tetracyclines/*pharmacology

We describe a group of 3 cases of invasive meningococcal disease that occurred in a military training camp in April 2011. All three patients were hospitalized. Ultimately, two patients recovered and one died. One patient had meningitis, one patient had septicemia and meningitis, and the other had no definite septicemia or meningitis. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135 was detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of all patients by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In the one case of mortality, two strains were isolated from the patient's blood and CSF. Using multilocus sequence typing analysis, these strains were identified as a novel sequence type, ST-8912. Special attention is required for the meningococcal disease in military camp because the military personnels are in high risk of contact transmission.
DNA, Bacterial/blood/cerebrospinal fluid ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Humans ; Male ; Meningitis/complications/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Military Personnel ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup W-135/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sepsis/complications/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the genotype and characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N.gonorrhoeae) isolates with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone in Shenzhen from 2009 to 2011.

METHODSA total of 296 N.gonorrhoeae isolates were collected in Shenzhen from 2009 to 2011.ceftriaxone strains (minimum inhibitory concentration between 0.06 and 0.50 µg/ml) were determined by agar dilution method.Logistic regression was used to analyze the associated factors of ceftriaxone N.gonorrhoeae infection.Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree analysis and N.gonorrhoeae multi antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) were performed on all ceftriaxone isolates and susceptible control isolates randomly selected in accordance with the principle of 1: 1 sampling.

RESULTSNo isolates displayed resistance to ceftriaxone, whereas 53(17.9%) showed reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone among 296 isolates.Only antibiotic use in recent two months was associated with ceftriaxone isolates infection (OR = 3.080, 95%CI: 1.376-6.894) . Among the ceftriaxone isolates, 48 different ST were identified including 5 STs (ST1768, ST3927, ST641, ST7076 and ST7078) containing 2 isolates and 43 single STs. There were 26 STs previously reported from HongKong in China.Low sensitive strains clustering was not observed by NJ phylogenetic tree.

CONCLUSIONThe proportion of ceftriaxone strains among the 296 N.gonorrhoeae isolates collected from 2009 to 2011 in Shenzhen is high. The STs of ceftriaxone strains may have unique epidemic features in Shenzhen.

Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Ceftriaxone ; pharmacology ; China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; genetics ; Female ; Gonorrhea ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; classification ; drug effects ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the molecular subtypes and microflora structure of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) strains isolated in Jiangxi province.

METHODSA total of 123 Nm strains separately isolated from patients, close contacts and health people in 1976-1987 and 2005-2008 were investigated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and PorA subtyping, to test the characteristics of gene Nm and sequence porA. Minimum spanning tree was constructed by using BioNumerics software based on data of MLST; and the microflora structure was then analyzed.

RESULTSThe serogroups of 67 Nm strains isolated in 1976-1987 included group A (43 strains), group B (18 strains), group C (1 strains) and group W135 (5 strains); while the serogroups of 56 Nm strains isolated in 2005-2008 included group A (3 strains), group B (7 strains), group C (45 strains) and 1 ungrouped strain. The total 123 Nm strains could be divided into 40 MLST types; while the 46 strains in group A could be divided into 14 MLST types, 29 out of which belonged to ST-3 type, accounting for 63.0% (29/46) as the dominant type. All of the 29 strains were isolated between 1976 and 1987, while 14 strains were isolated from patients, 9 were from close contacts and 6 were from health people. The 46 strains in group C could be divided into 5 MLST types, 41 out of which belonged to ST-4821 type, accounting for 89.1% (41/46). All of the strains were isolated between 2005 and 2008, 6 strains were isolated from patients, 6 were from close contacts and 29 were from health people. The porA gene of the total 123 Nm strains were classified to 32 different types, including 24 different VR1 types and 22 different VR2 types. The dominant PorA type of the prevalent strain (ST-3 type, group A) between 1976 and 1987 was P1.7-1, 10, accounting for 39.1% (18/46) of the strains in group A; while the 18 strains were isolated from 11 patients, 4 close contacts and 3 health people. The dominant PorA type of the prevalent strain (ST-4821 type, group C) between 2005 and 2008 was P1.20, 9, accounting for 46.3% (19/41) of the ST-4821 strains in group C; while the 19 strains were isolated from 1 close contacts and 18 health people. P1.7-2, 14 dominated since 2006, including 22 strains, accounting for 53.7% (22/41) of the ST-4821 strains in group C, isolated from 6 patients, 5 close contacts and 11 health people. There were no dominant PorA type found in group B and all the 5 strains in group W135 belonged to ST-174 and the PorA type was P1.21, 16, isolating from 3 close contacts and 2 health people between 1979 and 1980.

CONCLUSIONNm isolated in Jiangxi province showed significant gene polymorphism, as well as predominant lineages existing. In different periods, the prevalent lineages varied a lot, as translating from serogroup A: ST-3:P1.7-1, 10 to serogroup C: ST-4821:P1.7-2, 14 nowadays.

Bacterial Typing Techniques ; China ; epidemiology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Meningococcal Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Neisseria meningitidis ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Serotyping

Adult ; China ; Humans ; Male ; Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C ; drug effects ; genetics ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo characterize the meningococcal strains isolated from cases and close contacts with meningococcal disease associated with an outbreak in a jail in May 2010 by investigating the national distribution of hyperinvasive ST-4821 serogroup C clone associated with this outbreak.

METHODSThe cases were described based on the clinical symptoms and laboratory results. Pharyngeal swabs were cultured for N. meningitidis from men in the jail. Meningococcal isolates were identified by serogrouping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), respectively. Four hundred and sixteen serogroup C N. meningitidis strains were collected from 27 provinces between 2003 and 2010 for a nationwide survey and analyzed by PFGE and MLST.

RESULTSThree persons in a jail system were infected with invasive N. meningitidis serogroup C. All isolates tested had matching PFGE patterns and belonged to the multilocus sequence type (ST) 4821 clonal complex. All 47 N. meningitidis strains were identified from the pharyngeal swabs of 166 peoples in the jail, and 26 of them belonged to ST-4821 serogroup C clone, and 90.14% (375/416) serogroup C strains identified in the nationwide survey belonged to the ST-4821 complex. The ST-4821 serogroup C clone was spread nationwide, distributed in 24 provinces, especially in eastern provinces between 2003 and 2010.

CONCLUSIONEndemic transmission and carriage rate of ST-4821 serogroup C clone are high in this jail system. The ST-4821 serogroup C clone is spreading in China and nationwide distributed despite the existence of some effective vaccines.

Carrier State ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Humans ; Meningitis, Meningococcal ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Neisseria meningitidis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Pharynx ; microbiology ; Prisons

A 42-yr-old man with hepatitis B virus associated liver cirrhosis was admitted to the emergency room because of multiple seizures, a history of chills and myalgia over the previous 2 weeks, and 3 days of melena. He was febrile with a temperature of 38.0degrees C. There were no symptoms and signs related to the genitourinary system, skin, or joints. Three sets of blood cultures were obtained and oxidase-positive, gram-negative diplococci were detected after 25.9-26.9 hr of incubation in all aerobic vials. The organism was positive for catalase and oxidase, and was identified as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, using a Vitek Neisseria-Haemophilus Identification card (bioMerieux Vitek, Inc., USA). Further, 16S rRNA sequencing of this isolate revealed a 99.9% homology with the published sequence of N. gonorrhoeae strain NCTC 83785 (GenBank Accession No. NR_026079.1). Acute bleeding by variceal rupture seems to be a likely route of introduction of N. gonorrhoeae from the mucosa into the blood. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of gonococcal bacteremia in Korea.
Adult ; Bacteremia/complications/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Catalase/metabolism ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/complications/*diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/*etiology ; Gonorrhea/complications/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Humans ; Ligation ; Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis ; Male ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA