Purpose: Leptin interacts not only with leptin receptor (LEPR) but also engages with other receptors. While the pro-oncogenic effects of the adrenergic receptor β2 (ADRB2) are well-established, the role of leptin in activating ADRB2 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Materials and Methods: The pro-carcinogenic effects of LEPR were investigated using murine TNBC cell lines, 4T1 and EMT6, and a tumor-bearing mouse model. Expression levels of LEPR, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and ADRB2 in TNBC cells and tumor tissues were analyzed via western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry and MitoSox staining, while immunofluorescence double-staining confirmed the co-localization of LEPR and ADRB2. Results: LEPR activation promoted NOX4-derived ROS and mitochondrial ROS production, facilitating TNBC cell proliferation and migration, effects which were mitigated by the LEPR inhibitor Allo-aca. Co-expression of LEPR and ADRB2 was observed on cell membranes, and bioinformatics data revealed a positive correlation between the two receptors. Leptin activated both LEPR and ADRB2, enhancing intracellular ROS generation and promoting tumor progression, which was effectively countered by a specific ADRB2 inhibitor ICI118551. In vivo, leptin injection accelerated tumor growth and lung metastases without affecting appetite, while treatments with Allo-aca or ICI118551 mitigated these effects. Conclusion This study demonstrates that leptin stimulates the growth and metastasis of TNBC through the activation of both LEPR and ADRB2, resulting in increased ROS production. These findings highlight LEPR and ADRB2 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in TNBC.

Purpose: Leptin interacts not only with leptin receptor (LEPR) but also engages with other receptors. While the pro-oncogenic effects of the adrenergic receptor β2 (ADRB2) are well-established, the role of leptin in activating ADRB2 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Materials and Methods: The pro-carcinogenic effects of LEPR were investigated using murine TNBC cell lines, 4T1 and EMT6, and a tumor-bearing mouse model. Expression levels of LEPR, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and ADRB2 in TNBC cells and tumor tissues were analyzed via western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry and MitoSox staining, while immunofluorescence double-staining confirmed the co-localization of LEPR and ADRB2. Results: LEPR activation promoted NOX4-derived ROS and mitochondrial ROS production, facilitating TNBC cell proliferation and migration, effects which were mitigated by the LEPR inhibitor Allo-aca. Co-expression of LEPR and ADRB2 was observed on cell membranes, and bioinformatics data revealed a positive correlation between the two receptors. Leptin activated both LEPR and ADRB2, enhancing intracellular ROS generation and promoting tumor progression, which was effectively countered by a specific ADRB2 inhibitor ICI118551. In vivo, leptin injection accelerated tumor growth and lung metastases without affecting appetite, while treatments with Allo-aca or ICI118551 mitigated these effects. Conclusion This study demonstrates that leptin stimulates the growth and metastasis of TNBC through the activation of both LEPR and ADRB2, resulting in increased ROS production. These findings highlight LEPR and ADRB2 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in TNBC.

Purpose: Leptin interacts not only with leptin receptor (LEPR) but also engages with other receptors. While the pro-oncogenic effects of the adrenergic receptor β2 (ADRB2) are well-established, the role of leptin in activating ADRB2 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Materials and Methods: The pro-carcinogenic effects of LEPR were investigated using murine TNBC cell lines, 4T1 and EMT6, and a tumor-bearing mouse model. Expression levels of LEPR, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and ADRB2 in TNBC cells and tumor tissues were analyzed via western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry and MitoSox staining, while immunofluorescence double-staining confirmed the co-localization of LEPR and ADRB2. Results: LEPR activation promoted NOX4-derived ROS and mitochondrial ROS production, facilitating TNBC cell proliferation and migration, effects which were mitigated by the LEPR inhibitor Allo-aca. Co-expression of LEPR and ADRB2 was observed on cell membranes, and bioinformatics data revealed a positive correlation between the two receptors. Leptin activated both LEPR and ADRB2, enhancing intracellular ROS generation and promoting tumor progression, which was effectively countered by a specific ADRB2 inhibitor ICI118551. In vivo, leptin injection accelerated tumor growth and lung metastases without affecting appetite, while treatments with Allo-aca or ICI118551 mitigated these effects. Conclusion This study demonstrates that leptin stimulates the growth and metastasis of TNBC through the activation of both LEPR and ADRB2, resulting in increased ROS production. These findings highlight LEPR and ADRB2 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in TNBC.

With the deepening of population aging， the number of disabled and semi-disabled elderly individuals continues to increase， and the ethical care issues of mental health services for the disabled elderly are becoming increasingly prominent. When examining ethical issues， the concept of the “holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine” from ancient Chinese traditional culture was explored. While applying theories from the holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine， such as “the unity of form and spirit” and “the integration of form and spirit，” emphasis should be placed on the organic integration of psychology and physiology. The mental health status of the disabled elderly can be comprehensively improved by addressing both internal and external environmental factors. In response to the current situation of mental health services for the disabled elderly， ethical care should be provided for the mental health services of the disabled elderly， focusing on the value of subjectivity， difference， and continuity in ethical care， thereby improving the mental health status of the disabled elderly.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨丹皮酚（Pae）通过调控果蝇zeste基因增强子同源物2/神经外营养蛋白4抗体/细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制因子2A（EZH2/NXPH4/CDKN2A）轴对肺癌A549细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响。方法：以梯度浓度（0、6.25、12.5、25、50、100、200 µg/mL）的Pae处理肺癌A549细胞，采用CCK-8法确定干预浓度；将A549细胞分为对照组（未经任何处理的A549细胞）、Pae组（12.5 µg/mL Pae）、Pae + siEZH2组（转染siEZH2 + 12.5 µg/mL Pae）、Pae+siNC组（转染siNC + 12.5 µg/mL Pae）、Pae + vector NC组（转染vectorNC + 12.5 µg/mL Pae）、Pae + vectorEZH2组（转染vector EZH2+12.5 µg/mL Pae），予以相应的处理后，采用克隆形成实验检测细胞克隆数，流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布，Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭能力的变化，划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力的变化，流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况，WB法检测EZH2、NXPH4、CDKN2A、Bcl-2和caspase-3蛋白表达量。在A549细胞中单独转染siEZH2或siNC，采用流式细胞仪测量细胞凋亡，WB法检测Bcl-2和caspase-3蛋白表达。建立A549细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型，评估Pae的体内抗肿瘤作用及其对相关蛋白表达的影响。结果：选择12.5 µg/mL为后续实验干预浓度。与对照组相比，Pae组细胞克隆数、S期细胞比例、迁移、侵袭能力以及EZH2、NXPH4和Bcl-2蛋白表达量显著降低，G0/G1期细胞比例、细胞凋亡率以及CDKN2A和caspase-3蛋白表达量明显升高（均P < 0.05）；与Pae + siNC组相比，Pae + siEZH2组细胞克隆数、S期细胞比例、迁移侵袭能力以及EZH2、NXPH4和Bcl-2蛋白表达量下降幅度更大，G0/G1期细胞比例、细胞凋亡率以及CDKN2A和caspase-3蛋白表达量升高幅度更大（P < 0.05）；与Pae+vectorNC组相比，Pae + vectorEZH2组细胞克隆数、S期细胞比例、迁移侵袭能力以及EZH2、NXPH4和Bcl-2蛋白表达量显著升高，G0/G1期细胞比例、细胞凋亡率以及CDKN2A和caspase-3蛋白表达量明显下降（P < 0.05）。敲低EZH2后A549细胞凋亡率和caspase-3表达明显上升，Bcl-2表达明显下降（P < 0.05）。体内实验表明Pae可显著降低肿瘤体积和质量且抑制EZH2/NXPH4/CDKN2A通路的活性。结论：Pae通过抑制EZH2/NXPH4/CDKN2A通路抑制A549细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭，诱导细胞凋亡。

Ureterosciatic hernia is a rare type of pelvic floor herniation with no typical symptoms. The resulting ureteral obstruction may lead to hydronephrosis and complications such as urinary tract infection and urosepsis.Fewer than 40 ureterosciatic hernia cases have been reported all over the world. Active surveillance, manual reduction, ureteral stenting and surgical repair are common treatment options. Among them, the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic herniorrhaphy have been recognized. This article review the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of ureterosciatic hernia.

The UV cross-linking immunoprecipitation (CLIP) technique was first established in 2003. Sequences of target RNAs and binding sites of specific RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) were identified within the entire transcriptome by UV cross-linking, immunoprecipitation, reverse transcription, and subsequent high-throughput sequencing. Over the last 20 years, CLIP has been continuously modified and improved. Advanced operability and accuracy have extended its application category. Currently, the widely used CLIP technologies include high-throughput sequencing with crosslinking-immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP), photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced CLIP (PAR-CLIP), individual nucleotide resolution CLIP (iCLIP), enhanced CLIP (eCLIP), infrared-CLIP (irCLIP), etc. HITS-CLIP combines high-throughput sequencing with UV cross-linking immunoprecipitation. The 254 nm UV cross-linking and RNAase digestion steps allow the technology to capture transient intracellular RBP-RNA interactions. However, there are limitations in the efficiency of UV cross-linking, with low resolution and high intrinsic background noise. For PAR-CLIP, photoactivatable ribonucleoside was incorporated into RNA molecules, and RBP cross-linked with RNA by 365 nm UV light to improve cross-linking efficiency and resolution. Cross-linking mediated single-base mutations provide more accurate binding site information and reduce interference from background sequences. Long-term alternative nucleotide incorporation, on the other hand, can be cytotoxic and may skew experimental results. iCLIP can identify RBP-RNA cross-linking sites at the single nucleotide level through cDNA circularization and subsequent re-linearization steps, but it has more experimental procedures, and partial cDNAs lost in the circularization step are inevitable. eCLIP discards the radioisotope labeling procedure and reduces RNA loss by ligating adaptors in two separate steps, greatly improving the library-building efficiency, and reducing bias associated with PCR amplification; however, the efficiency of immunoprecipitation cannot be visually assessed at the early stage of the experiment. The irCLIP technique replaces radioisotopes with infrared dyes and greatly reduces the initial number of cells required for the experiment; however, an infrared imaging scanner is essential for the irCLIP application. To address more particular scientific issues, derivative CLIP-related techniques such as PAPERCLIP, cTag-PAPERCLIP, hiCLIP, and tiCLIP have also been developed in recent years. In practice, the aforementioned CLIP approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. When deciding on a technical strategy, we should take into account our experimental objectives and conditions, such as whether we need to precisely define the RNA site for binding to RBP; whether we have the necessary experimental conditions for working with radioisotopes or performing infrared imaging; the amount of initial sample size, and so on. In addition, the CLIP technique has a relatively large number of procedures and can be divided into several successive experimental modules. We can try to combine modules from different mainstream CLIP technologies to meet our experimental requirements, which also gives us more opportunities to improve and refine them and to build more targeted derivative CLIP technologies according to our research objectives.

Epigenomic imbalance drives abnormal transcriptional processes,promoting the onset and progression of cancer.Although defective gene regulation generally affects carcinogenesis and tumor suppression networks,tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumor responses may also be affected by epigenomic changes,which may have significant implications for the development and application of epigenetic therapy,cancer immunotherapy,and their combinations.Herein,we focus on the impact of epigenetic regulation on tumor immune cell function and the role of key abnormal epigenetic processes,DNA methylation,histone post-translational modification,and chromatin structure in tumor immunogenicity,and introduce these epigenetic research methods.We emphasize the value of small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic modulators in enhancing antitumor immune responses and discuss the challenges of developing treatment plans that combine epigenetic therapy and immuno-therapy through the complex interaction between cancer epigenetics and cancer immunology.

Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Fat/diagnostic imaging* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Body Mass Index

Animals ; Mice ; Spinal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Disease Models, Animal